1.Introduction
2. The Federal Budget: Concepts and Uses
2.A: The Unified Federal Budget
2.B: Comparison of the Unified Budget and Other Budget Concepts
2. C: Tax Expenditures
2. D: The Capital or Divided Budget
3. The Budget Process
3.A: Executive Preparation and Submission
3.B: Congressional Budgeting
3.C: Budget Execution and Control
3. D: Improvements in the Budget Process
4. The Record: Federal Spending and Taxes
4.A: Trends in Federal Outlays
4.B: Budget Priorities since World War II
4.C: Trends in Federal Receipts
4.D: Deficits and Surpluses
4.E: Comparison of Estimated and Actual Budget Figures
4.F: Controllability of Budget Outlays
4.G: Summary
5. Federal Budget Policy and tech Economy
5.A: Planned Spending
5.B: Federal Budget Policy and Planned Spending
5.C: Fiscal Policy Options When Inflation and Recession Coexist
5.D: The Deficit or Surplus as a Measure of Fiscal Policy
5.E: Summary and Conclusion
6. Fiscal Policy and the Budget Program
6.A: Restraints on Expenditures and Tax Changes: Lags in Fiscal Policy
6.B: Automatic Fiscal Stabilizers
6.C: Other Limitations of Fiscal Policy
6.D: The Appropriate Budget Policy
6.E: Alternative Budget Proposals
6.F: Summary
7. Fiscal Policy and the National Debt
7.A: Definition of the National Debts
7.B: Federal Borrowing and the "Crowding Out" Effect
7.C: Summary
8. Determining the Level of Federal Spending
8.A: Purposes of Federal Spending
8.B: Federal versus State and Local Responsibility
8.C: Spending on Public Goods
8.D: Spending on Semipublic Goods
8.E: Spending to Affect Income Distribution
8.F: Other Federal Spending
8.G: The Role of the Individual in Determining the Level of Federal Spending
8.H: Some Common Fallacies in Judging Federal Spending
8.I: Summary