Spare parts : organ replacement in American Society / Renée C. Fox and Judith P. Swazey ; with the assistance of Judith C. Watkins.
1992
RD120.7 .F68 1992 (Map It)
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Title
Spare parts : organ replacement in American Society / Renée C. Fox and Judith P. Swazey ; with the assistance of Judith C. Watkins.
Published
New York : Oxford University Press, 1992.
Call Number
RD120.7 .F68 1992
ISBN
0195076508 :
Description
xviii, 254 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)25007539
Summary
The developments that have occurred in the field of organ transplantation during the 1980s and early 1990s, and the simultaneous rise and fall of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, are the subject of this vividly written and absorbing new book. In Spare Parts, fascinating, interconnected stories of organ transplantation and the artificial heart are recounted in an interpretive framework that explores the vision of "the replaceable body." Themes of uncertainty, gift exchange, and the allocation of scarce material and non-material resources underscore a discussion that openly examines the escalating ardor about the goodness of repairing and remaking people with transplanted organs. Likewise, the stories open questions of life and death, identity, and solidarity. This important book offers insights into the symbolic and anthropomorphic meanings associated with the human body and its organs, and into the ways that medical professionals come to terms with the concomitant aspects of transferring vital body parts. Both artificial and donor organs, as well as the process of transplantation, are the subject of a thoughtful discussion which touches on the medical myths and rituals that they generate. Chronologically, Spare Parts begins where the authors' previous book, The Courage to Fail leaves off. More than a sequel, however, this work reflects their increasingly troubled and critical reactions to the expansion of organ replacement. Likely to be controversial, this book is must reading for bioethicists, medical sociologists and anthropologists, health-care lawyers, planners, and administrators, nurses, physicians, medical journalists and science writers, and concerned lay readers.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages [223]-244) and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Introduction: Rebuilding People
I
Organ Transplantation: Patterns and Issues in the 1980s
1Of Wonder Drugs, the Transplant "Boom," and Moratoria
3
The "Advent" of Cyclosporine
3
The Expansion of Organ Transplantation
7
The Experiment-Therapy Status of Organ Transplantation
8
A Multiplicity of Clinical Moratoria
13
The Coming of FK 506
24
2Organ Transplantation as Gift Exchange
31
Marcel Mauss' Gift-Exchange Paradigm
32
Obligations to Give Organs
33
Obligations to Receive Organs and Patients' Reservations About Accepting Them
35
Obligations to Receive Organs and Surgeons' Reservations About Live Donations
38
Obligations to Repay the "Gift of Life" and the "Tyranny of the Gift"
39
3Alterations in the Theme of the Gift
43
Who Are My Kin? Who Are My Strangers? Live-Donor Kidney Transplants
46
The Debut of Live-Donor Liver and Lung Transplants
49
Making a Live Donor: Bone Marrow Transplants
55
Efforts to Increase Gifts of Life
56
From Gifts of Life to Market Commodities?
64
4Transplantation and the Medical Commons
73
The Transplantation Commons
74
Transplantation and the Medical Commons
83
Transplantation, Medicine, and the Societal Commons
89
II
The Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart Experiment
5Desperate Appliance: A Short History of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
95
Cast of Characters and Their Locales
95
Prologue
98
Act I: The Development of the Jarvik Heart
100
Act II: Barney Clark's Heart
109
Act III: The Move to Humana
117
Act IV: The Experiment Continues
121
Entr'acte: The Artificial Heart as a Bridge to Transplant
128
Act IV: Continued
130
Act V: Endings
138
Epilogue
149
6"Made in the U.S.A.": American Features in the Rise and Fall of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
154
American Places, Portraits, and Scenarios
155
American Astronaut Imagery
158
The American Land of Oz
158
Factors Shaping the American Features of the Artificial Heart Experiment
159
Meanings of the Heart
161
The Role of Mormonism
162
Corporate Connections
166
The Rise and Fall of Cold Fusion
168
7Who Shall Guard the Guardians?
170
Initiating Human Testing
172
Jarvik-7 Implants as Clinical Research
174
The Gatekeepers
178
Moratoria and Endings
189
III
The Participant Observers: Final Journeys
8Leaving the Field
197
Notes
211
References
223
Index
245