ALWD citation manual : a professional system of citation / Association of Legal Writing Directors and Darby Dickerson.
2006
KF245 .A45 2006 (Map It)
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Details
Title
ALWD citation manual : a professional system of citation / Association of Legal Writing Directors and Darby Dickerson.
Published
New York, NY : Aspen Publishers, [2006]
Copyright
©2006
Call Number
KF245 .A45 2006
Edition
Third edition.
ISBN
0735555710 (alk. paper)
Description
xxxii, 572 pages ; 23 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)62152900
Note
Includes index.
Record Appears in
Portion of Title
Citation manual
Added Author
Added Corporate Author
Table of Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments to the First Edition
Acknowledgments to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments to the Third Edition
Part 1
Introductory Material
1
A
Purpose and Use of Citations
3
B
How to Use This Book
4
Overall Organization
4
Organization within Each Part of This Book
5
Finding Tools
6
Caveats
6
Footnotes Versus Endnotes
6
Citing Sources Not Covered in This Book
6
Sources for Additional Information
7
Citing This Book
7
Web Site for Updates and Frequently Asked Questions
7
C
Local Citation Rules
7
D
How Your Word Processor May Affect Citations
8
Margin Justification
8
Default Settings and Quick Correct Features
8
Part 2
Citation Basics
11
1.0
Typeface for Citations
13
1.1
Typeface Choices
13
1.2
When to Use Ordinary Type in Citations
13
1.3
When to Use Italics in Citations
13
1.4
Typeface for Punctuation in Citations
14
1.5
Possessive Endings of Italicized Material
14
1.6
Italicized Material within Italicized Material
14
1.7
Italics to Show Emphasis
15
1.8
Italicizing Foreign Words
15
2.0
Abbreviations
16
2.1
Use
16
2.2
Spacing for Abbreviations
16
2.3
Authorities Referred to in Textual Sentences
17
3.0
Spelling and Capitalization
19
3.1
Words in Titles
19
Sidebar 3.1
Common Prepositions in Titles
20
3.2
General Rules
21
3.3
Capitalizing Specific Words
23
3.4
Capitalization in Selected Non-English Languages
27
3.5
Other Capitalization and Spelling Rules
28
4.0
Numbers
29
4.1
Numbers in Citations
29
4.2
Numbers in Textual Material
29
4.3
Ordinal Numbers
32
5.0
Page Numbers
33
5.1
Initial Pages
33
5.2
Pinpoint Pages
33
Sidebar 5.1
Importance of Using Pinpoint References
35
5.3
Citing Consecutive Pages
35
5.4
Citing Scattered Pages
35
Sidebar 5.2
Using Hyphens, En Dashes, and "to" for Spans
36
5.5
Passim
36
6.0
Citing Sections and Paragraphs
37
6.1
General Rules
37
6.2
Spacing
38
Sidebar 6.1
Inserting the Symbols for Sections and Paragraphs
38
6.3
Unnumbered Paragraphs
38
6.4
Subsections and Subparagraphs
39
6.5
Distinguishing Sections from Subsections
39
6.6
Citing Consecutive Sections or Paragraphs
39
6.7
Citing Scattered Sections or Paragraphs
40
6.8
Citing Consecutive Subdivisions within a Single Section or Paragraph
41
6.9
Citing Scattered Subdivisions within a Single Section or Paragraph
41
6.10
Citing Multiple Subdivisions within Multiple Sections or Paragraphs
41
6.11
Referring to Sections and Paragraphs in Textual Material
42
7.0
Citing Footnotes and Endnotes
43
7.1
General Rules
43
7.2
Preventing Confusion
43
7.3
Footnotes and Endnotes in Short Citations
44
8.0
Supplements
45
8.1
Citing Material Found Only in a Supplement
45
8.2
Citing Material Found Only in the Main Volume
45
8.3
Citing Material in Both the Main Volume and a Supplement
45
8.4
Citing Material in Multiple Supplements
46
9.0
Graphical Material, Appendices, and Other Subdivisions
47
9.1
Citing Graphical Material
47
9.2
Citing Appendices
47
9.3
Citing Other Subdivisions
48
9.4
Preventing Confusion
48
10.0
Internal Cross-References
49
10.1
Definition
49
10.2
Material That May Be Cross-Referenced
49
10.3
Supra and Infra
49
10.4
Format for Internal Cross-References
50
Sidebar 10.1
The Two Uses of Supra
51
11.0
Introduction to Full and Short Citation Formats
52
11.1
Full Citation Format
52
11.2
Short Citation Format
52
11.3
Id. as a Short Citation
53
Sidebar 11.1
Id. Versus Ibid.
53
11.4
Supra as a Short Citation
56
Part 3
Citing Specific Print Sources
61
Fast Formats: Cases
63
12.0
Cases
64
12.1
Full Citation Format
64
12.2
Case Name
64
Sidebar 12.1
Distinguishing Case Names from Party Names
65
Sidebar 12.2
Public Official Named as a Party
71
Sidebar 12.3
Explanation of Commonly Used Procedural Phrases
75
12.3
Reporter Volume
76
12.4
Reporter Abbreviation
76
Chart 12.1
Common Reporter Abbreviations
77
Sidebar 12.4
Early Supreme Court Reporters
80
Sidebar 12.5
Locating Parallel Citations
81
12.5
Page Numbers
82
12.6
Court Abbreviation
83
12.7
Date
87
12.8
Subsequent History
87
Sidebar 12.6
Information about Denials of Certiorari
88
12.9
Prior History
90
12.10
Additional Rules Concerning Subsequent and Prior History
91
12.11
Parenthetical Information
93
Chart 12.2
Abbreviations for Titles of Judges and Other Judicial Officials
94
12.12
Cases Published Only on LexisNexis or Westlaw
94
12.13
Cases Not Yet Reported
95
12.14
Table Cases and Federal Appendix Cases
96
12.15
Cases on the Internet
97
12.16
Neutral Citations
98
12.17
Cases Published Only in a Looseleaf Service
98
12.18
Unreported Cases
98
12.19
Early Federal Circuit Cases
99
12.20
Court Documents, Transcripts, and Records
99
Sidebar 12.7
Court Rules Prohibiting or Limiting Citation of Unreported Cases in Briefs
100
12.21
Short Citation Format
101
Fast Formats: Constitutions
106
13.0
Constitutions
107
13.1
Which Source to Cite
107
13.2
Full Citation Format for Constitutions Currently in Force
107
13.3
Full Citation Format for Constitutions No Longer in Force
108
13.4
Short Citation Format
108
Sidebar 13.1
Referring to Constitutions in Text
109
Fast Formats: Statutory Codes, Session Laws, and Slip Laws
110
14.0
Statutory Codes, Session Laws, and Slip Laws
111
14.1
Which Source to Cite
111
14.2
Full Citation, Print Format for Federal Statutes Currently in Force
111
Sidebar 14.1
Date of United States Code
114
14.3
Full Citation, Print Format for Federal Statutes No Longer in Force
115
14.4
Full Citation, Print Format for State Statutes
115
14.5
Statutes Available on Electronic Databases
116
14.6
Short Citation, Print Format for Federal and State Statutes
117
14.7
Full Citation Format for Federal Session Laws Currently in Force
117
Sidebar 14.2
Referring to Statutes in the Text
118
14.8
Full Citation Format for Federal Session Laws No Longer in Force
120
14.9
Full Citation Format for State Session Laws
120
14.10
Short Citation Format for Federal and State Session Laws
121
14.11
Full Citation Format for Federal Slip Laws
121
14.12
Full Citation Format for State Slip Laws
122
14.13
Short Citation Format for Federal and State Slip Laws
122
Fast Formats: Other Federal Legislative Materials
123
15.0
Other Federal Legislative Materials
124
15.1
Full Citation Format for Unenacted Bills and Resolutions
124
Sidebar 15.1
Types of Proposed Laws
125
15.2
Short Citation Format for Unenacted Bills and Resolutions
127
15.3
Enacted Bills and Joint Resolutions
127
15.4
Full Citation Format for Enacted Simple and Concurrent Resolutions
127
15.5
Short Citation Format for Enacted Simple and Concurrent Resolutions
128
15.6
Proposed House and Senate Amendments
128
15.7
Full Citation Format for Congressional Hearings
129
15.8
Short Citation Format for Congressional Hearings
131
15.9
Full Citation Format for Numbered Congressional Reports, Documents, and Prints
132
15.10
Short Citation Format for Numbered Congressional Reports, Documents, and Prints
135
15.11
Unnumbered Reports, Documents, and Prints
135
15.12
Full Citation Format for Congressional Debates Occurring after 1873
135
15.13
Short Citation Format for Congressional Debates Occurring after 1873
137
15.14
Full Citation Format for Congressional Debates through 1873
138
15.15
Short Citation Format for Congressional Debates through 1873
138
15.16
Congressional Journals
139
15.17
United States Code Congressional and Administrative News
139
15.18
Declaration of Independence
140
15.19
Other Legislative Materials
140
Fast Formats: Other State Legislative Materials
141
16.0
Other State Legislative Materials
142
16.1
Full Citation Format for State Unenacted Bills, Files, and Resolutions
142
16.2
Short Citation Format for State Unenacted Bills, Files, and Resolutions
145
16.3
State Enacted Bills, Files, and Resolutions
145
16.4
Full Citation Format for State Legislative Hearings
145
16.5
Short Citation Format for State Legislative Hearings
147
16.6
Full Citation Format for State Legislative Reports, Documents, and Prints
148
16.7
Short Citation Format for State Legislative Reports, Documents, and Prints
150
16.8
Full Citation Format for State Legislative Debates
151
16.9
Short Citation Format for State Legislative Debates
153
16.10
State Legislative Journals
153
16.11
Other State Legislative Materials
153
Fast Formats: Court Rules, Ethics Rules and Opinions, and Jury Instructions
155
17.0
Court Rules, Ethics Rules and Opinions, and Jury Instructions
156
17.1
Full Citation Format for Rules Currently in Force
156
17.2
Full Citation Format for Rules No Longer in Force
157
17.3
Short Citation Format
157
17.4
Full Citation Format for Ethics Opinions
158
17.5
Short Citation Format for Ethics Opinions
159
17.6
Full Citation Formats for Jury Instructions
160
17.7
Short Citation Formats for Jury Instructions
160
Fast Formats: Local Ordinances
161
18.0
Local Ordinances
162
18.1
Full Citation Format for Codified Ordinances
162
Sidebar 18.1
Locating Ordinances on the Internet
163
18.2
Full Citation Format for Uncodified Ordinances
163
18.3
Short Citation Format for Codified and Uncodified Ordinances
165
Fast Formats: Federal Administrative and Executive Materials
166
19.0
Federal Administrative and Executive Materials
167
19.1
Full Citation Format for Code of Federal Regulations
167
Sidebar 19.1
Determining the Date of Current C.F.R. Volumes
169
19.2
Short Citation Format for Code of Federal Regulations
169
19.3
Full Citation Format for Federal Register
170
19.4
Short Citation Format for Federal Register
171
19.5
Full Citation Format for Agency Decisions
172
19.6
Short Citation Format for Agency Decisions
173
19.7
Full Citation Format for Attorney General Opinions and Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel Opinions
173
Sidebar 19.2
Purpose of Attorney General Opinions
174
19.8
Short Citation Format for Attorney General Opinions and Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel Opinions
175
19.9
Full Citation Format for Executive Orders, Proclamations, Determinations, and Reorganization Plans
175
19.10
Short Citation Format for Executive Orders, Proclamations, Determinations, and Reorganization Plans
178
19.11
Executive Agreements
178
19.12
Other Presidential Documents
178
19.13
Patents
179
19.14
Other Administrative and Executive Materials
180
Sidebar 19.3
Citing Tax Materials
180
Fast Formats: State Administrative and Executive Materials
181
20.0
State Administrative and Executive Materials
182
20.1
Full Citation for State Administrative Codes
182
20.2
Short Citation Format for State Administrative Codes
182
20.3
Full Citation Format for State Administrative Registers
182
20.4
Short Citation Format for State Administrative Registers
183
20.5
Full Citation Format for State Agency Decisions
183
20.6
Short Citation Format for State Agency Decisions
183
20.7
Full Citation Format for State Attorney General Opinions
183
20.8
Short Citation Format for State Attorney General Opinions
184
20.9
State Executive Materials
184
20.10
Other State Administrative and Executive Materials
185
Fast Formats: Treaties and Conventions, International Sources, and Foreign Sources
186
21.0
Treaties and Conventions to Which the United States Is a Party, International Sources, and Foreign Sources
187
21.1
Full Citation Format for Treaties and Conventions Currently in Force
187
21.2
Full Citation Format for Treaties and Conventions No Longer in Force
189
21.3
Short Citation Format for Treaties and Conventions
189
Chart 21.1
Selected Bound Treaty Sources
190
Sidebar 21.1
Internet Access to International Materials
191
21.4
Selected International Law Sources
191
21.5
Selected Foreign Sources
197
Sidebar 21.2
Other Foreign and International Materials
200
Fast Formats: Books, Treatises, and Other Nonperiodic Materials
201
22.0
Books, Treatises, and Other Nonperiodic Materials
202
22.1
Full Citation Format
202
22.2
Short Citation Format for Works Other Than Those in a Collection
212
22.3
Short Citation Format for Works in a Collection
213
Fast Formats: Legal and Other Periodicals
216
23.0
Legal and Other Periodicals
217
23.1
Full Citation Format
217
Sidebar 23.1
Identifying Student Authors
218
23.2
Short Citation Format
223
Sidebar 23.2
Journals That Use Large and Small Capital Letters
224
Fast Formats: A.L.R. Annotations
226
24.0
A.L.R. Annotations
227
24.1
Full Citation Format
227
Chart 24.1
Abbreviations for A.L.R. Series
228
24.2
Short Citation Format
228
Fast Formats: Legal Dictionaries
230
25.0
Legal Dictionaries
231
25.1
Full Citation Format
231
25.2
Short Citation Format
231
25.3
Nonlegal Dictionaries
231
Fast Formats: Legal Encyclopedias
233
26.0
Legal Encyclopedias
234
26.1
Full Citation Format
234
Chart 26.1
Encyclopedia Abbreviations
235
26.2
Short Citation Format
237
Fast Formats: Restatements, Model Codes, Uniform Laws, and Sentencing Guidelines
238
27.0
Restatements, Model Codes, Uniform Laws, and Sentencing Guidelines
239
27.1
Full Citation Format for Restatements
239
Sidebar 27.1
Subject Matters of Restatements
240
27.2
Short Citation Format for Restatements
241
27.3
Model Codes and Acts
241
27.4
Uniform Laws
242
27.5
Sentencing Guidelines
244
Fast Formats: Looseleaf Services and Reporters
245
28.0
Looseleaf Services and Reporters
246
28.1
Full Citation Format for Cases and Administrative Decisions in Looseleaf Services
246
Chart 28.1
Abbreviations for Looseleaf Publishers
248
Sidebar 28.1
Understanding Paragraphs in Looseleaf Services
249
28.2
Short Citation Format for Cases and Administrative Decisions in Looseleaf Services
250
28.3
Full Citation Format for Noncase Material in Looseleaf Services
250
28.4
Short Citation Format for Noncase Material in Looseleaf Services
251
Fast Formats: Practitioner and Court Documents, Transcripts, and Appellate Records
252
29.0
Practitioner and Court Documents, Transcripts, and Appellate Records
253
29.1
Scope of Rule
253
29.2
Full Citation Format for Practitioner and Court Documents
253
29.3
Full Citation Format for Transcripts
255
29.4
Short Citation Format for Practitioner and Court Documents and for Transcripts
256