Race and sentencing : a study in the Crown Court : a report for the Commission for Racial Equality / by Roger Hood in collaboration with Graça Cordovil, Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford.
1992
KD8406 .H66 1992 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Race and sentencing : a study in the Crown Court : a report for the Commission for Racial Equality / by Roger Hood in collaboration with Graça Cordovil, Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford.
Published
Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1992.
Call Number
KD8406 .H66 1992
ISBN
0198258364 (cloth) :
0198258402 (pbk.) :
0198258402 (pbk.) :
Description
xiv, 343 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)26403172
Note
"Foreword by Sir Michael Day"--Cover
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages [339]-343).
Record Appears in
Added Author
Added Corporate Author
Table of Contents
Foreword / Michael Day
1
The Need for Research
1
1.1Race and the Prison Population
1
1.2Discrimination by the Courts: Facts and Beliefs
7
1.3Problems of Method: the Validity of Current Knowledge
11
1.5Plan of the Report
23
2
Approach and Method
25
2.1Choosing a Strategy
25
2.2Sources of Information
30
2.3The Sample
33
2.4Collecting the Data
35
3
Some Basic Comparisons of Sentencing Practices
38
3.1The Racial Composition of the Sample
38
3.2Variations in the Use of Custody between Courts Irrespective of Race
39
3.3Racial Disparities in the Use of Custody
41
3.4Variations between Judges
44
4
Did Case Characteristics Vary According to Race?
49
4.1Overall Differences in the Characteristics of White as Compared to Black Defendants
49
4.2Characteristics of Black and White Defendants at Birmingham and the Dudley Courts
57
4.3Asian Defendants Compared with White Defendants
59
5
Comparing Custody Rates
63
5.1Which Variables were Linked to Race Differences in the Use of Custody?
63
5.2Devising a Multivariate 'Matching' Method
65
5.3The Probability of Custody Scores
68
5.4Comparing the 'Custody Rates' of White, Black and Asian Defendants in the West Midlands Crown Courts as a whole
75
5.5Comparing Blacks and Asians as if they had been Treated Like Whites
79
5.6Attempting to Locate Where Racial Differences Occurred
83
6
Race and Varying Court Practices
89
6.1Comparing the Use of Custody at each of the Five Courts by Race of the Defendant
89
6.2Seeking to Locate the Race Difference amongst cases sentenced by the Dudley courts
95
7
Variations Between Judges
108
7.1The Status of the Judge
108
7.2Variations between Individual Judges
110
8
Length and Severity of Sentences
121
8.1Length of Sentences
121
8.2Accounting for the over-representation of Black Males in the Prison Population
126
9
The Range of Sentences and the Use of Non Custodial Alternatives
132
9.1Adults
133
9.2Males Under the Age of 21
137
10
Pre-Sentence Factors
143
10.1How the Incident Came to Light
143
10.2The Effect of Having Been Remanded in Custody
146
10.3The Influence of Social Inquiry Reports
150
11
Sentencing Women
161
11.1Comparing the Sentences Imposed on Women of different Ethnic Backgrounds
161
11.2Comparing the Sentences Imposed on Females and Males
169
12
Discrimination in the Courts?
179
A Summary of the Main Findings
193
Appendices
209
References
339