Employment discrimination law : cases and notes / by Mack A. Player, Martin H. Malin.
2012
KF3464 .P583 2012 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Employment discrimination law : cases and notes / by Mack A. Player, Martin H. Malin.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
KF3464 .P583 2012
ISBN
9780314267894
0314267891
9780314267887 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314267883 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314267891
9780314267887 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314267883 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
Description
xxix, 669 pages ; 27 cm + teacher's manual.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)794365907
Note
Publication history: 1. Employment discrimination law : cases and materials / by Mack A. Player. [No edition statement.] St. Paul, Minn. : West Pub. Co., 1980 -- 2. Employment discrimination law : cases and materials / by Mack A. Player. 2nd edition St. Paul, Minn. : West Pub. Co., 1984 -- 3. Employment discrimination law : cases and materials / by Mack Player, Elaine W. Shoben, and Risa L. Lieberwitz. [No edition statement.] St. Paul, Minn. : West Pub. Co., 1990 -- 4. Employment discrimination law : cases and materials / by Mack A. Player, Elaine W. Shoben, Risa L. Lieberwitz. 2nd edition St. Paul, Minn. : West Pub. Co., 1995.
Includes index.
Includes index.
Series
Record Appears in
Local Note
Library lacks Teacher's manual.
Added Author
Table of Contents
Foreword
v
Acknowledgements
vii
Table of Cases
xix
pt. 1
PROLOGUE
A.
Subject
1
B.
"Employment Discrimination"---The Course
2
1.
Core: The Big Three
2
2.
Six "Satellites"
2
3.
Important but Excluded
3
4.
State Fair Employment Law
4
C.
History
4
D.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
5
E.
Common Law Tradition
7
Wagenseller v. Scottsdale Memorial Hospital
8
Notes
18
pt. 2
BASIC PRINCIPLES
ch. 1
Coverage and Scope
20
A.
"Employer"
20
Clackamas Gastroenterology Assoc. v. Wells
20
Notes
23
B.
"Employment"
25
1.
Standard: "Right of Control" or "Economic Dependence"?
25
2.
Indirect Protection: Past and Future "Employees"
26
3.
Reconstruction Era Civil Rights Act
26
4.
Students and (other) Prisoners
27
5.
Temporary, "Leased," "Shared," and Seasonal Workers
27
C.
"Labor Organizations" and "Employment Agencies"
27
ch. 2
Protected Classes
29
A.
Race and Color
29
McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co.
29
Rogers v. American Airlines
32
Notes
33
Parr v. Woodmen of the World Life Insurance Co.
34
Notes
36
B.
"National Origin"
37
1.
Generally: Title VII: Citizenship and Alienage
37
Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
37
Notes
41
B.
"National Origin"---Continued
2.
Language
42
Rodriguez v. FedEx Freight East, Inc.
42
Notes
44
3.
Reconstruction Era Civil Rights Act (42 U.S.C. [§] 1981): Ethnicity as "Race"
45
Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji
45
Notes
48
4.
Citizens and "Intending Citizens"
49
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
49
Notes
51
C.
Sex
51
1.
Generally
51
United Auto Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
51
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.
53
Note
54
2.
"Sex" or "Social Relationship?"
55
Miller v. Department of Corrections
55
Notes
59
3.
Stereotyping
60
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
60
Notes
66
Jespersen v. Harrah's Operating Company, Inc.
66
Notes
74
4.
Gender, Orientation, and Identity
75
DeSantis v. Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.
75
Notes
77
Smith v. City of Salem, Ohio
78
Notes
84
5.
Pregnancy and Childbirth
84
a.
Non-Discrimination: Clause 1 of the PDA
84
Note
84
Hall v. Nalco Company
85
Stout v. Baxter Healthcare Corp.
87
Notes
89
b.
Abortions
89
Doe v. C.A.R.S. Protection Plus, Inc.
89
Notes
93
c.
Benefits for Pregnancy: Clause 2 of the PDA
93
Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
93
Notes
98
6.
Marriage, Marital Status, Children, and Childcare
100
a.
Generally, "Sex-Plus" Classifications
100
b.
Marriage, Non-Marriage
100
c.
Nepotism
101
d.
Unwed Pregnancy
101
e.
Childcare Responsibilities
101
Chadwick v. Wellpoint, Inc.
101
Note
105
Schafer v. Board of Public Education, Pittsburgh
105
Notes
108
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA)
108
Notes
109
D.
Religion and Religious Practices
111
1.
"Religion" Defined
111
a.
Constitution
111
b.
Title VII: Generally
112
c.
EEOC's Inclusive View
112
d.
More Restrictive Approach
113
e.
No Religion: The Atheist
114
2.
"Religious Observances and Practices"
114
a.
Defined
114
b.
Triggering an Obligation to Accommodate
115
c.
Employer's Obligation to Accommodate
115
Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook
115
Notes
120
3.
Religions Discriminating Because of Religion
122
a.
Generally: Section 702(a) of Title VII Provides
122
b.
"Religious" Organization
122
c.
Only Religious Discrimination
123
d.
Ministerial Exception
123
E.
Age
123
General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. v. Cline
123
Note
131
Hazen Paper Company v. Biggins
131
Notes
134
F.
Disabilities and Impairments
135
1.
Americans With Disabilities Act: Introduction
135
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Interpretive Guidance on Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act
135
2.
Non-Discrimination---Impairments
137
EEOC Interpretive Guidance: Appendix
137
Notes
139
a.
"Physical or Mental Impairment"
139
EEOC Interpretive Guidance: Appendix
139
Cook v. State of Rhode Island, Dept. of Mental Health
140
Notes
143
b.
"Transitory and Minor"
143
c.
"Qualified"
144
Skerski v. Time Warner Cable Company
145
Notes
152
d.
Defenses
153
Bragdon v. Abbott
154
Notes
157
3.
"Impairments" That Must Be Accommodated
158
a.
Introduction and Review
158
b.
"Major Life Activities"
159
EEOC Interpretative Regulations (2011)
159
c.
"Substantially Limited"
161
"Rules of Construction" EEOC Regulations (2011)
161
d.
Mitigating Measures
164
e.
Episodic or in Remission
165
4.
"Accommodations:" "Reasonable" and Not Imposing an "Undue Hardship"
165
U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett
166
F.
Disabilities and Impairments---Continued Vande Zande v. Wisconsin Dep't of Administration
177
Notes
182
Note
186
5.
"Record of"
186
EEOC Regulations (2011) Appendix
186
6.
Alcohol and Drug Use
187
Notes
188
7.
"Interactive Process"
189
8.
Medical Examinations and Inquiries
190
Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990
190
Genetic Information Non-Disclosure Act of 2008
191
Notes
193
G.
Military Service
193
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Act of 1994 (USER-RA)
193
Notes
194
ch. 3
Defenses and Justifications: Permissible Use of Protected Classifications
195
A.
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
195
United Auto Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
195
Western Air Lines v. Criswell
201
Notes
207
Henry v. Milwaukee County
207
Notes
216
B.
Religions and the "Ministerial Exception"
217
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C.
217
Notes
229
C.
Affirmative Action
231
Notes
232
Presidential Executive Order Number 11246
232
Notes
233
United Steelworkers of America v. Weber
234
Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara County
243
Notes
250
ch. 4
"Terms, Conditions, or Privileges of Employment"
253
A.
Generally
253
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White
253
Notes
256
B.
Work Place Rules
258
Jespersen v. Harrah's Operating Company, Inc.
258
Maldonado v. City of Altus
262
Notes
268
C.
Individual Harassment
268
1.
Objective, "Reasonable Person" Standard
268
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. National Education Association, Alaska
269
Notes
274
Mathirampuzha v. Potter, Postmaster General
275
Notes
277
Billings v. Town of Grafton
277
Notes
279
2.
Subjective Requirement: "Voluntary" vs. "Unwelcome"
280
D.
"The Faragher Defense" and Constructive Discharge
281
Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders
281
Notes
287
ch. 5
"To Discriminate"
291
A.
Individual vs. Class Treatment
291
City of Los Angeles, Department of Water and Power v. Manhart
291
Note
296
B.
Active vs. Passive "Discrimination"
297
Goodman v. Lukens Steel Co.
297
Notes
302
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) v. State of Washington
302
Note
306
ch. 6
"Because of"
307
A.
Motive Based Disparate Treatment
307
1.
Generally
307
2.
Relationship Between State of Mind and Action: Causation
308
Staub v. Proctor Hospital
308
Note
313
McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Company
313
Notes
317
B.
Discriminatory Effect in the Absence of Motive
318
1.
General Principle
318
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
318
Notes
322
2.
Seniority Exception: Motive Returns
324
International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States
324
Notes
330
C.
Relationship Between Motive and Impact
331
Ricci v. Destefano
331
Notes
342
pt. 3
PROVING VIOLATIONS
ch. 7
Liability Based Upon Unjustified Disparate Impact
346
A.
Plaintiff Proving Impact
346
Wards Cove Packing Company, Inc v. Atonio
347
Note
354
New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
355
Notes
360
Connecticut v. Teal
363
Notes
364
B.
Defendant's Burden: Justifying Impact
365
1.
Generally: "Job Related Consistent With Business Necessity"
365
2.
"Business Necessity" Applied to Scored Tests
367
Albermarle Paper Co. v. Moody
367
Note
374
Association of Mexican-American Educators v. California
374
Notes
383
3.
"Business Necessity" of Objective, Non-Scored Devices
384
Hawkins v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
384
Note
386
Bradley v. Pizzaco of Nebraska
386
Notes
388
4.
"Business Necessity" of Subjective Systems
389
Notes
390
ch. 8
Proving Disparate Treatment
392
A.
Introduction: A Matter of Evidence
392
B.
Verbal Evidence
393
King v. Hardesty
393
Notes
395
Ash v. Tyson Foods, Inc.
398
C.
"Circumstantial (or Indirect) Evidence"
399
1.
Analytical Framework: "A Three Step Dance"
399
McDonnell Douglas Corporation v. Green
399
2.
First Step: Plaintiffs Prima Facie Showing
403
Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.
403
Notes
404
3.
Defendant's Required Response: Step 2 in the "Dance"
405
Notes
408
4.
Plaintiffs Responsive Step: Presentation of "Pretext"
409
Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.
409
Note
416
Ash v. Tyson Foods, Inc.
417
Notes
418
5.
Plaintiffs Ultimate Burden of Persuasion
419
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
420
Notes
427
D.
Numerically Based Circumstantial Evidence: Statistics
429
International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States
429
Hazelwood School District v. United States
434
ch. 9
Retaliation (Reprisal) for "Participation" or "Opposition"
442
A.
Generally
442
Thompson v. North American Stainless, LP
443
Notes
444
B.
"Participation"
444
C.
"Opposition"
446
1.
What It Is
446
Crawford v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville
446
Notes
450
2.
"Conscientious (But Unreasonable) Objector"
450
Clark County School District v. Breeden
450
Note
453
Butler v. Alabama Dep't of Transp.
453
Notes
456
3.
Reasonable Objections, Unreasonable Means: Overzealous Objectors
458
Jennings v. Tinley Park Community Consol. School Dist. No. 146
458
Notes
463
ch. 10
Compensation: Wages and Benefits
466
A.
Equal Pay Act
466
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan
466
Notes
474
B.
Reconciling Title VII and the Equal Pay Act
477
1.
"Bennett Amendment"
477
Washington County v. Gunther
477
2.
Proving Sex-Based Pay Discrimination
486
a.
Title VII
486
Notes
486
b.
Objective Circumstantial Evidence
487
Miranda v. B & B Cash Grocery Store, Inc.
487
c.
Statistical Evidence of Motive
496
C.
"Fringe Benefits"
501
1.
Title VII
501
2.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
502
a.
Mandatory Retirement
502
b.
"Voluntary" Retirement
502
c.
Benefit Packages
503
Notes
505
3.
Americans With Disabilities Act
506
Notes
506
pt. 4
ENFORCEMENT
ch. 11
Enforcement Procedures
510
A.
Charge Filing Process
510
1.
Relationship Between the EEOC and State and Local Agencies
510
EEOC v. Commercial Office Products Co.
511
Notes
518
2.
Federal Agencies, Federal Employees
520
a.
Introduction
520
b.
Employing Agency
520
c.
Alternative Pre-Suit Routes: Administrative Review by the
EEOC
521
3.
When Does the Filing Period Start to Run?
522
Delaware State College v. Ricks
522
Notes
526
4.
Continuing Violations Versus Continuing Effects of Past Violations
527
United Air Lines, Inc. v. Evans
527
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
529
Notes
535
5.
Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and the Continuing Dialogue Between the Court and Congress
536
Noel v. The Boeing Co.
537
Notes
542
6.
Disparate Impact Claims
542
Lewis v. City of Chicago
542
Notes
547
B.
Lawsuit
547
1.
Pre-requisite: Notice of Right to Sue
547
2.
Suit
548
3.
Federal Employers
549
4.
Public Suit
550
B.
Lawsuit---Continued
5.
Jury Trial
550
Kremer v. Chemical Construction Corp.
550
Notes
558
C.
Class Actions
559
Discrimination Remedies: The Shape of Lawsuits, the Shape of the Law: Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Meeting Association of American Law Schools Section on Employment Discrimination Law and Section on Remedies
560
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes
563
Notes
579
D.
Settlements and Releases
580
Oubre v. Entergy Operations, Inc.
580
Notes
583
E.
Arbitration
584
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp.
585
Notes
591
14.
Penn Plaza, LLC v. Pyett
594
Notes
604
ch. 12
Remedies
606
A.
Introduction
606
B.
Make Whole Relief ("The Prime Directive")
607
Albermarle Paper Co. v. Moody
607
Notes
612
C.
Front Pay
615
Pollard v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
615
Notes
619
D.
Compensatory Damages
620
E.
Punitive Damages
621
Kolstad v. American Dental Association
621
Notes
629
F.
Affirmative Relief
630
Local 28 Sheet Metal Workers International Association v. EEOC
630
Note
655
G.
Attorney Fees / Hensley V. Eckerhart
656
Notes
662
Index
665