Antitrust law, policy, and procedure : cases, materials, problems / E. Thomas Sullivan, President of the University of Vermont and Dean Emeritus, University of Minnesota Law School ; Herbert Hovenkamp, Ben and Dorothy Willie, Professor University of Iowa College of Law ; Howard A. Shelanski, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, former Director, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission ; Christopher R. Leslie, Professor of Law, School of Law, University of California Irvine.
2014
KF1649 .S88 2014 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Antitrust law, policy, and procedure : cases, materials, problems / E. Thomas Sullivan, President of the University of Vermont and Dean Emeritus, University of Minnesota Law School ; Herbert Hovenkamp, Ben and Dorothy Willie, Professor University of Iowa College of Law ; Howard A. Shelanski, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, former Director, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission ; Christopher R. Leslie, Professor of Law, School of Law, University of California Irvine.
Published
New Providence, NJ : LexisNexis, [2014]
Call Number
KF1649 .S88 2014
Edition
Seventh edition.
ISBN
9781630430153 (hbk.)
1630430153 (hbk.)
1630430153 (hbk.)
Description
xxix, 1,101, 37, 8, 14, 4 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm
vi, 57 pages ; 28 cm
vi, 57 pages ; 28 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)869552630
Note
Includes index.
Record Appears in
Local Note
Library lacks teacher's manual.
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
ch. 1
Introduction To The Competition Model
1
I.
Overview: The Policies And Goals Of Antitrust Regulation
1
R.H. Lande, Wealth Transfers as the Original and Primary Concern of Antitrust: The Efficiency Interpretation Challenged
6
Note: Antitrust Goals - Consumer Welfare v. General Welfare
12
II.
Common Law Legacies
14
A.
English Foundations
14
W. Letwin, Law and Economic Policy in America: The Evolution of the Sherman Antitrust Act
15
1.
Contracts in Restraint of Trade
18
2.
Combinations in Restraint of Trade
19
B.
American Common Law Tradition
21
C.
Development of Legislation
23
D.
Early Interpretations
25
United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass 'n
25
Notes and Questions
28
United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co.
29
Notes and Questions
33
ch. 2
Framework For Analysis
37
I.
Economic Problem
37
A.
Introduction
37
B.
Law of Demand
38
C.
Theory of Costs
40
II.
Market In Movement
45
A.
Perfect Competition
45
B.
Monopoly
49
C.
Relative Performances of Competition and Monopoly
50
D.
Competitive Continuum
53
III.
Judicial Emphasis On Economic Reasoning
53
A.
Introduction
53
B.
Structuralist Analysis
54
C.
Efficiency Analysis
55
D.
Strategic Behavior
56
ch. 3
Special Problems Of Antitrust Enforcement
59
I.
Enforcement
59
A.
Tripartite Approach
59
1.
Department of Justice
59
a.
Civil Action
60
b.
Criminal Prosecutions
60
2.
Federal Trade Commission
63
3.
Private Suits
65
a.
Jurisdiction, Venue, and Service
66
b.
Statute of Limitations
70
c.
Interstate Commerce Requirement
74
Summit Health, Ltd. v. Pinhas
75
Notes and Questions
79
d.
Transnational Application of United States Antitrust Laws
80
Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act
83
Note: International Antitrust Guidelines
86
Problem 3.1
88
Problem 3.2
88
e.
Direct Purchaser Requirement and the Problem of Passing On
88
Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
88
Notes and Questions
96
Problem 3.3
104
f.
"Business or Property" Requirement
104
Reiter v. Sonotone Corp.
105
Notes and Questions
107
g.
Antitrust Injury
108
Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-o-mat, Inc.
108
Notes and Questions
111
Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort Of Colorado, Inc.
112
Notes and Questions
118
Problem 3.4
122
Problem 3.5
123
Problem 3.6
124
Problem 3.7
124
Problem 3.8
124
h.
Standing to Sue
124
Blue Shield Of Virginia v. McCready
125
Associated General Contractors v. California State Council Of Carpenters
128
Notes and Questions
133
B.
Parens Patriae
134
C.
Advisory Opinions and Clearances Procedure
136
D.
Settlement
137
E.
Preclusion Effects of a Prior Judgment on Subsequent Private Suits
140
F.
Antitrust Counterclaims
144
G.
Expert Testimony After Daubert
145
Concord Boat Corp. v. Brunswick Corp.
146
Notes and Questions
149
II.
Additional Antitrust Defenses
151
A.
First Amendment Protections
151
1.
Noerr-Pennington Doctrine
151
2.
Economic/Political Boycotts
151
3.
Overbroad Remedial Orders
151
B.
In Pan Delicto and the Unclean Hands Doctrine
154
Perma Life Mufflers, Inc. v. International Parts Corp.
154
Notes and Questions
156
III.
Remedies
158
A.
Damages
159
1.
Optimal Antitrust Damages
161
2.
Optimal Deterrence Model and Treble Damages
164
B.
Award of Attorney's Fees
166
C.
Injunctive Relief and Structural Remedies
168
California v. American Stores Co.
171
Notes and Questions
174
D.
Contribution and Claim Reduction
175
ch. 4
Cartels And Other Joint Conduct By Competitors
177
I.
Horizontal Restraints
177
A.
Development of Analytical and Evidentiary Rules
177
1.
Introduction: The Problems of Horizontal Arrangements
177
2.
Rules of Reason and Per Se Illegality
178
3.
Guidelines for Collaboration Among Competitors
179
B.
Price Fixing
180
1.
Foundation Cases
180
Chicago Board Of Trade v. United States
180
Notes and Questions
183
United States v. Trenton Potteries Co.
184
Notes and Questions
186
Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States
187
Notes and Questions
191
2.
Supply or Output Restrictions
192
United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.
192
Notes and Questions
198
3.
Data Dissemination and Information Exchanges
200
Maple Flooring Manufacturers Ass'n v. United States
202
Notes and Questions
206
United States v. Container Corp. Of America
209
Notes and Questions
212
United States v. United States Gypsum Co.
213
Notes and Questions
218
Problem 4.1
219
4.
Meaning and Scope of the Rule of Reason
220
National Society Of Professional Engineers v. United States
220
Notes and Questions
225
Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System
227
Notes and Questions
234
Catalano, Inc. v. Target Sales, Inc.
235
Notes and Questions
238
Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society
239
Notes and Questions
245
National Collegiate Athletic Ass'n v. Board Of Regents
247
Notes and Questions
256
California Dental Ass'n v. Federal Trade Comm'n
259
Notes and Questions
272
Texaco, Inc. v. Dagher
275
Notes and Questions
278
Problem 4.2
279
Problem 4.3
279
Problem 4.4
280
Problem 4.5
280
Problem 4.6
280
5.
Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) clauses
281
C.
Proof of Agreement
283
1.
Introduction
283
2.
Conscious Parallelism and the Interstate Circuit Doctrine
285
Interstate Circuit v. United States
285
Notes and Questions
288
Theatre Enterprises, Inc. v. Paramount Film Distributing Corp.
290
Notes and Questions
292
3.
Surviving a Motion to Dismiss
292
Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly
292
Notes and Questions
301
In Re Text Messaging Antitrust Litigation
302
Notes and Questions
304
Problem 4.7
306
4.
Surviving a Motion for Summary Judgment
306
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.
306
Notes and Questions
319
In Re High Fructose Corn Syrup Antitrust Litigation
328
Williamson Oil Co. v. Philip Morris USA
335
Notes and Questions
343
5.
Intra-Enterprise Conspiracy
347
Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
347
Notes and Questions
354
American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League
356
Notes and Questions
363
Problem 4.8
364
Problem 4.9
364
Problem 4.10
365
Problem 4.11
365
D.
Market Allocation
365
1.
Joint Ventures and Cooperative Research Ventures
365
2.
Horizontal Market Divisions
368
United States v. Topco Associates
369
Notes and Questions
374
Polk Bros. v. Forest City Enterprises
376
Note
379
E.
Boycotts and Other Concerted Refusals to Deal
381
1.
Development of a Per Se Analysis: Collective Agreements Aimed at Competitors
382
Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Ass'n v. United States
382
Notes and Questions
383
Klor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc.
384
Notes and Questions
386
Nynex Corporation v. Discon, Inc.
387
Notes and Questions
392
2.
Modern "Per Se Rule" Against Group Boycotts
393
Northwest Wholesale Stationers, Inc. v. Pacific Stationery & Printing Co.
393
Notes and Questions
398
FTC v. Indiana Federation Of Dentists
400
Notes and Questions
408
4.
Naked and Ancillary Concerted Refusals to Deal
409
Associated Press v. United States
409
Notes and Questions
411
5.
Noncommercial Boycotts
413
Missouri v. National Organization For Women
414
Notes and Questions
417
F.
Agreements Involving Intellectual Property
420
Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc.
420
Notes and Questions
430
Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property
432
ch. 5
Vertical Restrictions
435
I.
Intrabrand Distributional Restraints
435
A.
Rationales
435
B.
Resale Price Maintenance
437
1.
Setting Vertical Minimum Prices
437
Lee gin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., DBA Kay's Kloset...Kay's Shoes
437
Notes and Questions
456
2.
Consignment Contracts as Vertical Price Control Devices
464
3.
Unilateral Refusals to Deal and the Colgate Doctrine
466
United States v. Colgate & Co.
466
Notes and Questions
467
4.
Vertical Maximum Price Fixing
468
State Oil Company v. Khan
469
Notes and Questions
473
5.
Dealer Termination; Powerful Complaining Dealers
473
Monsanto Co. v. Spray-Rite Service Corp.
475
Notes and Questions
479
Problem 5.1
482
Problem 5.2
482
Problem 5.3
483
Problem 5.4
483
C.
Territorial and Customer Restraints: From White Motor to Sylvania
484
Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc.
485
Notes and Questions
492
1.
Dual Distribution Systems - Vertical or Horizontal
496
D.
Exclusive Dealerships
497
Problem 5.5
501
II.
Interbrand Vertical Foreclosure - Mainly, Exclusive Dealing And Tying
502
A.
Exclusive Dealing Under the Rule of Reason
503
Tampa Electric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co.
508
Notes and Questions
512
Note: Exclusive Dealing and [§] 2 of the Sherman Act
515
B.
Tying Arrangements
516
1.
Introduction: Economics of Tying
516
2.
Development of Unique Per Se Rule for Tying Arrangements
521
Times-Picayune Publishing Co. v. United States
521
Northern Pacific Railway v. United States
525
Notes and Questions
528
3.
Modern Doctrine Tying Product Power and Anticompetitive Effects
531
Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde
531
Notes and Questions
545
Problem 5.6
546
Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.
546
Notes and Questions
560
United States v. Microsoft Corp.
567
Note
570
United States v. Microsoft Corp.
571
Notes and Questions
574
4.
Tying and Intellectual Property
575
Illinois Tool Works, Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
575
Notes and Questions
584
5.
Full Line Forcing, Full System Contracts, and Franchise Arrangements
592
United States v. Jerrold Electronics Corp.
593
Problem 5.7
595
Note
596
Problem 5.8
596
6.
Unwanted Tied Product
597
Brantley v. NBC Universal, Inc.
597
Note and Questions
602
ch. 6
Monopoly Structure, Power, And Conduct
603
I.
Problem Of Monopoly
603
United States v. American Can Co.
603
Notes and Questions
611
Note: The Economics of Monopolization
613
United States v. Aluminum Co. Of America
616
Notes and Questions
626
United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp.
629
Notes and Questions
636
II.
Modern Monopolization Offense: Power
638
A.
Market Power, Barriers to Entry, and the Relevant Market
638
Problem 6.1
646
United States v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.
646
Note: Cross-Elasticity of Demand
651
Rebel Oil Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
653
Notes and Questions
655
Problem 6.2
657
Problem 6.3
658
Problem 6.4
658
Problem 6.5
658
Note: Barriers to Entry in Monopolization Cases
659
B.
Geographic Market
663
United States v. Grinnell Corp.
663
Notes and Questions
666
III.
Modern Monopolization Offense: Conduct
668
A.
Innovation and Exclusion
669
Berkey Photo, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co.
669
California Computer Products v. IBM Corp.
679
Notes and Questions
680
United States v. Microsoft Corp.
685
Notes and Questions
702
B.
Monopolization and the Intellectual Property Laws (Mainly Patent and Copyright)
706
1.
Improprieties in Procurement or Enforcement of an Invalid Patent
707
2.
Patent "Hold up"
708
Problem 6.6
711
3.
Refusal to License IP Rights
711
Independent Service Organizations Antitrustlitigation
711
Notes and Questions
716
4.
Patent Accumulation
717
C.
Predatory Pricing and Related Practices
718
1.
Structural Prerequisites for a Predatory Pricing Claim - "Recoupment"
719
Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.
719
Notes and Questions
729
Note: When is Predatory Pricing Rational?
734
Problem 6.7
737
Problem 6.8
737
Note: Predatory Pricing and the Robinson-Patman Act
738
2.
Identifying the Predatory Price
741
Notes and Questions
744
Problem 6.9
746
Problem 6.10
747
3.
Predatory Buying
747
Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Ross-Simmons Hardwood Lumber Co., Inc.
747
4.
Anticompetitive Discounting Practices, Including Package Discounts
753
Cascade Health Solutions v. Peacehealth
753
Notes and Questions
763
D.
Vertical Integration, Refusals to Deal and Exclusionary Contracting
772
1.
Monopolist's Refusal to Deal and the Essential Facility Doctrine
773
Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp.
773
Notes and Questions
780
Problem 6.11
785
Problem 6.12
785
Note: The Essential Facility Doctrine
786
Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Law Offices Of Curtis v. Trinko, LLP
788
Notes and Questions
795
2.
Exclusionary Contracting by the Monopolist
796
United States v. Dentsply International, Inc.
796
Notes and Questions
807
Note: Tying and Exclusive Dealing by the Monopolist
808
3.
Vertical Integration and the Price "Squeeze"
810
Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. Linkline Communications, Inc.
810
Notes and Questions
815
IV.
Offense Of Attempt To Monopolize
817
Tops Markets, Inc. v. Quality Markets, Inc.
818
Notes and Questions
824
Note: Conspiracy to Monopolize
828
Note: Industrial Concentration and Non-Dominant Firms: From Monopolization to Merger Policy
828
ch. 7
Mergers And Acquisitions
833
I.
Vertical Integration Through Merger
833
United States v. Columbia Steel Co
833
Notes and Questions
836
United States v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co
837
Notes and Questions
840
Note: The Economics of Vertical Mergers
841
Silicon Graphics
846
Notes and Questions
848
Note: Merger Guidelines and Vertical Mergers
850
Notes and Questions
853
II.
Mergers Of Competitors
854
A.
Development of Horizontal Merger Law Under the Sherman Act
854
Northern Securities Co. v. United States
854
Notes and Questions
857
United States v. Columbia Steel Co
858
Notes and Questions
860
B.
Horizontal Mergers Under Section 7 of the Clayton Act and Its 1950 Amendments
862
Brown Shoe Co. v. United States
863
Notes and Questions
868
United States v. Philadelphia National Bank
870
Notes and Questions
874
Problem 7.1
875
United States v. General Dynamics Corp
876
Notes and Questions
880
Note: Partial Acquisitions
882
1.
Horizontal Merger Guidelines
884
Note: Market Definition and Market Concentration Under the Guidelines: The Hypothetical Monopolist Test and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
885
Problem 7.2
888
Note: The 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines: Key Changes and Innovations
889
Notes and Questions
893
2.
Judicial Responses to the Merger Guidelines
899
FTC v. Staples, Inc.
899
Notes and Questions
905
Hospital Corp. Of America v. FTC
906
Notes and Questions
909
Note: An Efficiency Defense in Merger Cases?
915
Federal Trade Comm'n v. H.J. Heinz Co.
918
Problem 7.3
927
Note: "Unilateral" Antitcompetitive Effects of Horizontal Mergers
927
Note: Mergers and Innovation
930
Note: Market Definition and Competitive Effects After the 2010 Guidelines
935
FTC v. Lundbeck, Inc.
936
Notes and Questions
940
U.S. v. H&R Block, Inc.
941
Notes and Questions
960
Note: Government Guidelines on Merger Remedies
962
III.
Mergers Of Potential Competitors
962
United States v. Sidney W. Winslow
962
Notes and Questions
964
United States v. Continental Can Co
965
Notes and Questions
969
FTC v. Procter & Gamble Co.
971
Notes and Questions
975
Potential Competition
979
Problem 7.4
981
Note: The Common Carrier Immunity From [§] 7
981
IV.
Failing Company Defense
982
Citizen Publishing Co. v. United States
982
Notes and Questions
984
V.
Private Enforcement Of Section 7
986
Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort Of Colorado, Inc.
989
Notes and Questions
989
Problem 7.5
990
VI.
Interlocking Directorates Under Section 8 Of The Clayton ACT
990
VII.
Should We Regulate Bigness?
991
ch. 8
Secondary-Line Differential Pricing And The Robinson-Patman Act
997
ch. 9
Antitrust, Other Forms Of Regulation, And Exemptions
999
I.
Antitrust And Agency Regulation
999
A.
Overview
999
B.
Theories of Regulation and the Movement Toward Deregulation
1000
1.
Rise and Rationale of Regulation
1001
2.
Natural Monopoly, Contestability, and Deregulation
1002
3.
Network Deregulation, Interconnection, and Antitrust
1006
4.
Technological Change and Deregulation
1009
C.
Jurisdictional and Prudential Problems of Antitrust Enforcement in Regulated Industries
1011
Credit Suisse Securities LLC v. Billing
1011
Notes and Questions
1019
1.
Prudential Considerations After Trinko
1022
Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Law Offices Of Curtis v. Trinko, LLP
1022
Notes and Questions
1023
D.
Antitrust Exemptions
1024
1.
Labor Organizations
1024
Problem 9.1
1030
2.
Export Associations
1031
3.
Insurance
1032
4.
Agricultural Organizations
1035
5.
Professional Sports
1035
6.
National Sovereign Immunity
1037
II.
Petitions To The Government
1039
A.
Political Process, "Rent-Seeking," and the Antitrust Laws
1039
Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc.
1041
Notes and Questions
1045
FTC v. Superior Court Trial Lawyers Ass'n
1046
Notes and Questions
1052
B.
"Sham" Exception
1053
Professional Real Estate Investors, Inc. v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.
1054
Notes and Questions
1059
Problem 9.2
1063
III.
Problems Of Federalism: Preemption And The "State Action" Doctrine
1064
A.
Preemption
1064
Fisher v. City Of Berkeley
1064
Notes and Questions
1066
B.
"State Action" Doctrine
1067
California Retail Liquor Dealers Ass'n v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc.
1069
Notes and Questions
1070
Note: Federalism and the "State Action" Doctrine
1071
1.
Authorization Requirement and the Antitrust Liability of Municipalities and other Governmental Subdivisions
1072
Hallie v. City Of Eau Claire
1074
Notes and Questions
1077
FTC v. Phoebe Putney Health System, Inc.
1078
Notes and Questions
1084
Problem 9.3
1085
City Of Columbia & Columbia Outdoor Advertising, Inc. v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc.
1086
Notes and Questions
1091
Problem 9.4
1092
2.
"Active Supervision" Requirement
1092
FTC v. Ticor Title Insurance Co.
1094
Notes and Questions
1098
Problem 9.5
1101
Problem 9.6
1101
Appendix A Horizontal Merger Guidelines
APP A-1
Appendix B Selected Antitrust Statutes
APP B-1
Table Of Cases
TC-1
Index
I-1