The law of the United States : an introduction / Peter Hay.
2017
KF385 .H392 2017 (Map It)
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Author
Title
The law of the United States : an introduction / Peter Hay.
Published
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.
Copyright
©2017
Call Number
KF385 .H392 2017
ISBN
9781138221994 hardcover
1138221996 hardcover
9781138222021 paperback
113822202X paperback
1138221996 hardcover
9781138222021 paperback
113822202X paperback
Description
lvi, 353 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)953258416
Summary
"The Law of the United States offers an introduction and overview of the American legal system. With an emphasis throughout on up-to-date case law and current literature, it is an ideal first point of entry for students and practitioners alike, and a starting point for further independent research. Professor Hay provides a concise and straightforward explanation of the law and legal vocabulary, as well as an introduction to the different types of law and legal techniques."--Preliminary page.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
Preface
xv
Table of abbreviations
xvii
Table of cases
xxiii
1.
Introduction, sources, nature of U.S. law, legal methodology
1
A.
Historical aspects
1
I.
Roots of American law
1
II.
reception of English law in America
4
B.
sources of American law
5
I.
Federal and state statutory law
5
II.
American law as case law
7
III.
Finding applicable case law
10
1.
Common law subject matters
10
2.
Statutory law
11
3.
Secondary sources
12
4.
Computer-assisted legal research
13
2.
Public law
15
A.
Constitutional law
15
I.
Basic principles
15
II.
Federation
16
1.
legislature: Congress
17
2.
executive branch: President and federal government
21
3.
judicial branch: the U.S. Supreme Court and lower federal courts
26
III.
States of the Union
27
IV.
U.S. territories
28
B.
Basic rights
29
I.
origin and the development of the Bill of Rights
29
II.
Particular basic rights
31
C.
Immigration law issues
33
I.
Entry and sojourn
33
II.
Naturalization
35
III.
Loss of citizenship
36
IV.
Deportation
36
D.
Administrative law
37
I.
Introduction
37
1.
Administrative law defined
37
2.
Origins and contemporary sources
38
II.
Administrative agencies
38
1.
Ministry-level and independent agencies
38
2.
Administrative agencies and separation of powers
39
III.
Administrative procedure
40
1.
Forms of administrative acts
40
2.
Procedural safeguards and hearings
41
IV.
Judicial recourse
42
3.
judicial system: courts and civil procedure
45
A.
Introduction
45
I.
civil suit and civil procedure
45
II.
Sources
46
B.
Court organization and subject matter jurisdiction
47
I.
federal courts
47
1.
Structure
47
2.
Subject matter jurisdiction
48
II.
State courts
50
1.
Structure
50
2.
Subject matter jurisdiction
51
III.
Summary
51
IV.
Changing courts: removal, federal transfer, and forum non conveniens
51
C.
Jurisdiction over persons and things
53
I.
In general
53
II.
Form selection (choice-of-court) clauses
53
III.
Submission
54
IV.
Jurisdiction at the situs
54
V.
Personal jurisdiction
55
1.
General jurisdiction
55
2.
Specific jurisdiction
57
3.
Special problems of federal jurisdiction
59
VI.
Venue
59
VII.
Declining to exercise jurisdiction
60
1.
Forum non conveniens
60
2.
Federal transfer
61
3.
Parallel litigation (lis pendens)
62
D.
Civil procedure
63
I.
civil suit and the course of litigation
63
1.
Introduction
63
a).
Defining the claim; remedies available; punitive damages
63
b).
Costs and attorneys' fees: "The American Rule"
65
2.
Commencement of suit
65
3.
Broadening the suit: additional claims or parties
66
a).
Introduction
66
b).
Claim joinder
66
c).
Counterclaim
67
d).
Party joinder
68
e).
Crossclaim
68
f).
Impleader
69
g).
Intervention
69
h).
Interpleader
70
i).
Class action
71
4.
Discovery
74
a).
In general
74
b).
Jurisdiction
74
c).
discovery motion
75
d).
Discovery of electronically stored information (e-discovery)
75
e).
Blocking statutes
76
5.
Provisional remedies
77
a).
In general
77
b).
Preliminary injunctions
77
c).
Temporary restraining orders
78
d).
Attachment
78
6.
Summary judgment
78
7.
Trial
78
a).
course of a trial
78
b).
jury trial
79
8.
Use and proof of foreign law
80
9.
effects of a judgment
81
a).
Claim preclusion
81
b).
Issue preclusion
83
c).
Conflict-of-laws problems in preclusion
83
10.
Reopening; appeal
84
II.
Recognition and enforcement
85
1.
General problems and considerations
85
2.
Recognition in interstate practice
85
3.
Recognition of foreign-country judgments
86
4.
Execution
87
E.
Alternative dispute resolution
88
I.
In general
88
II.
Forms of alternative dispute resolution
88
1.
Arbitration
88
2.
Other forms of ADR
90
4.
Conflict of laws: private international law
91
A.
Introduction
91
B.
Sources
92
I.
Treaties
92
II.
Federal and state law
93
III.
Erie doctrine
93
C.
Development and current state of the choice-of-law debate
95
I.
Connecting factors and criteria
95
II.
Backlash: blocking statutes
97
III.
Uniform substantive law
98
D.
General principles (pervasive problems)
99
I.
Domicile
99
II.
Characterization
99
III.
Depecage
100
IV.
Renvoi
101
V.
Ordre public
102
E.
Choice of law by subject matter
102
I.
Contracts
102
II.
Torts
104
III.
Property
107
IV.
Family law
108
V.
Inheritance/succession
110
VI.
Trusts
111
VII.
Company law
111
5.
Private law
113
A.
law of contracts
113
I.
Introduction
113
II.
Formation of a contract
116
1.
Offer and acceptance
116
a).
Offer
116
b).
Acceptance
118
c).
Counteroffer and the "Battle of the Forms"
119
2.
Consideration
120
3.
Formality
122
4.
Void and voidable contracts
123
a).
Lack of capacity
123
b).
Illegality
123
c).
Fraud and duress
124
d).
Mistake of fact
124
e).
Considerations of fairness
124
III.
contract
125
1.
Contractual terms
125
2.
UCC Art. 2: Sale of Goods
127
a).
Duties of the parties
127
b).
passage of risk
127
c).
Express and implied warranties
128
3.
Conditions
129
IV.
satisfaction of a party's contractual duties: performance
129
1.
Common law
129
2.
Uniform Commercial Code
130
3.
Rejection of delivery
130
4.
Acceptance of goods and subsequent return
130
V.
Termination of the contractual obligation
131
1.
Breach by the other party
131
2.
Stipulations subsequent to contract formation: modification
131
3.
Impossibility and frustration of contract
132
a).
Overview
132
b).
Impossibility
132
c).
Frustration of purpose
132
VI.
Remedies for breach
133
1.
Damages
133
2.
Specific performance
135
VII.
Third party beneficiary contracts
135
VIII.
Assignment of rights and delegation of duties
136
1.
Assignment of contract rights
136
2.
Delegation of contract duties
137
B.
Restitution and unjust enrichment
138
I.
concept defined (relationship to contract and tort)
138
II.
Case constellations
139
III.
content of the claim
140
C.
law of torts
140
I.
Introduction
140
II.
Intentional torts
141
1.
Torts against persons
141
a).
Battery
141
b).
Assault
142
c).
False imprisonment
142
d).
Infliction of mental distress
143
2.
Torts against things
143
a).
Trespass
143
b).
Conversion
143
3.
Privileges
144
4.
Extent of liability
146
III.
Negligence
146
1.
Duty of care
146
a).
General standard
146
b).
Owners and occupiers of land
147
2.
Violations of the duty of care
148
a).
General requirements
148
b).
Burden of proof
149
3.
Causation and damages
149
4.
Privileges
150
IV.
Nuisance
151
V.
Strict liability
152
VI.
Products liability
152
VII.
Reputation and privacy
155
1.
Defamation
155
2.
Invasion of privacy
156
3.
Malicious prosecution and abuse of process
157
VIII.
Other issues of liability
157
1.
Joint and several liability
157
2.
Vicarious liability
158
3.
Immunity
159
IX.
Law of damages
160
1.
Nominal damages
160
2.
Compensatory damages
160
3.
Punitive damages
161
4.
Wrongful death and survival statutes
165
X.
Reform of tort law
165
D.
law of property
165
I.
Introduction
166
II.
Tenancy shared by several persons
166
III.
Real property
167
1.
Types of legal interests in real property
167
2.
Freehold estates
168
3.
Non-freehold estates
169
4.
Future interests
170
5.
Landlord and tenant
172
6.
Limitations on legal interests and rights of use
175
7.
Acquisition of legal interests in real property
176
a).
Adverse possession
176
b).
Acquisition by legal transaction
177
c).
Bona fide acquisition
178
8.
Mortgages
178
9.
Moveable property
179
a).
Bailment
179
b).
Bona fide acquisition
180
c).
Security interests
181
E.
Family law
182
I.
Introduction
182
II.
Marriage
183
1.
Engagement and marriage
183
2.
Effects and consequences of marriage
186
3.
Support and matrimonial property
186
4.
Divorce
190
5.
Non-marital cohabitation
194
6.
Same-sex marriage and domestic partnerships
196
III.
Parents and children
198
1.
Legitimation and descent
198
2.
Custody
200
3.
Support
201
4.
Adoption
202
F.
Inheritance law and trusts
204
I.
Introduction
204
II.
Succession by statute
205
III.
Inheritance by will
206
1.
Validity
206
2.
Capacity and limits of party autonomy
208
IV.
Statutory share
209
V.
Rejecting an inheritance
210
VI.
Probate
210
VII.
Trusts
212
1.
Nature and function
212
2.
Issues in trust law
213
6.
Business law and economic regulation
217
A.
Company law and the law of capital markets
217
I.
Agency
217
1.
In general
217
2.
creation of an agency
218
3.
Rights and duties in the agency relationship
219
II.
Unincorporated business associations
219
1.
general partnership
219
a).
In general
219
b).
Creation
220
c).
Liability
220
d).
Liquidation
221
2.
limited partnership
221
a).
In general
221
b).
Limited and general partnership distinguished
222
3.
Other forms of business associations
222
a).
Joint venture
222
b).
Registered limited liability partnerships
223
III.
Incorporated business associations
223
1.
In general
223
2.
Public corporations
224
a).
In general
224
b).
Incorporation
224
c).
Participation in capital (shares and other forms)
225
d).
Structure: governing bodies
226
e).
Internal affairs rule
227
3.
close corporation
228
4.
sole proprietorship
228
5.
Other forms of corporations
229
6.
"Delaware effect"
229
7.
Recognition abroad
230
IV.
limited liability company
230
V.
Out-of-state companies
230
VI.
law of capital markets
232
1.
State supervision
232
2.
Forward looking statements
232
3.
Insider trading
233
B.
law of insolvency
234
I.
Introduction
234
II.
Jurisdiction
235
III.
Forms of insolvency proceedings under federal law
236
C.
Competition law
239
I.
In general
239
II.
Sherman, Clayton, and FTC Acts
240
III.
Sanctions
244
IV.
Extraterritorial application of antitrust law
246
V.
Unfair trade law
251
VI.
Limitations applicable to U.S. foreign trade
252
VII.
TiSA and TTIP
254
D.
Employment and welfare law
254
I.
Development of employment law
255
II.
Contractual employment relations
257
1.
General principles
257
2.
prohibition of discrimination
257
3.
Minimum standards
260
III.
Collective bargaining
260
IV.
Welfare law
261
7.
Criminal law and procedure
265
A.
Criminal law
265
I.
Introduction
265
II.
General principles
266
1.
Prerequisites for criminal culpability
266
2.
Defenses
267
3.
Vicarious liability in criminal law
269
4.
Forfeiture
270
III.
Selected crimes
270
IV.
Death penalty
276
V.
Prison sentences and conditions
280
B.
Criminal procedure
282
I.
effect of constitutional guarantees
282
II.
course of criminal proceedings
283
1.
investigative phase
283
a).
Arrest
283
b).
Search and seizure
286
c).
Miranda rights
288
d).
Right to counsel
290
e).
Limits on use of evidence and exceptions
290
2.
pre-trial phase
291
3.
trial
295
4.
imposition of punishment (sentencing)
299
5.
Appeals
300
III.
Post-conviction remedies
301
1.
constitutional guarantee of habeas corpus
301
2.
Reform of federal habeas corpus law
303
3.
Review mechanisms under state law
305
Appendix 1
Case law illustration and commentary: MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.
306
Appendix 2
U.S. Constitution
317
Appendix 3
Legal education and the legal profession in the United States
332
I.
Legal education
332
II.
Eligibility to practice law
335
III.
Legal careers
337
A.
Private practice
337
B.
Public service
339
C.
Societal role
341
Appendix 4
Map of the federal courts of appeal and district courts
343
Index
344