Regaining paradise lost : indigenous land rights and tourism, using the UNGPS on business and human rights in mainstreaming indigenous land rights in the tourism industry / by Mary Kristerie A. Baleva.
2019
K738 .B35 2019 (Map It)
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Title
Regaining paradise lost : indigenous land rights and tourism, using the UNGPS on business and human rights in mainstreaming indigenous land rights in the tourism industry / by Mary Kristerie A. Baleva.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, [2019]
Call Number
K738 .B35 2019
ISBN
9789004376779 hardcover alkaline paper
9004376771 hardcover alkaline paper
9004376771 hardcover alkaline paper
Description
xx, 321 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)1048659243
Summary
This book uses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights as its overarching legal framework to analyze the intersections of indigenous land rights and the tourism industry. Drawing from treatises, treaties, and case law, it traces the development of indigenous rights discourse from the Age of Discovery to the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The book highlights the Philippines, home to a rich diversity of indigenous peoples, and a country that considers tourism as an important contributor to economic development. It chronicles the Ati Community's 15-year struggle for recognition of their ancestral domains in Boracay Island, the region's premiere beach destination.
Note
This book uses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights as its overarching legal framework to analyze the intersections of indigenous land rights and the tourism industry. Drawing from treatises, treaties, and case law, it traces the development of indigenous rights discourse from the Age of Discovery to the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The book highlights the Philippines, home to a rich diversity of indigenous peoples, and a country that considers tourism as an important contributor to economic development. It chronicles the Ati Community's 15-year struggle for recognition of their ancestral domains in Boracay Island, the region's premiere beach destination.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Donation
Purchased from the income of the Toshiba Fund
Donation
The Toshiba Library for Japanese Legal Research
Purchased from the income of the Toshiba Fund
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
xi
List of Cases
xii
Acknowledgments
xvi
Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms
xvii
Glossary of Terms
xxi
Introduction
1
1.
Indigenous Peoples and International Law
6
1.
Historical Underpinnings
6
2.
Developments in International Law: An Overview
9
I.
Natural Law and the Law of Nations
9
II.
Uncivilized Other
13
3.
International Labour Organization
21
I.
"Native Labour Code"
22
II.
Integrationist Paradigm and Milestones in 1950s
25
III.
no Convention Concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries
27
4.
United Nations and the Humanilights Regime
29
5.
iLo's Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
34
I.
Shifts in the Paradigm
35
I.
Consultation and Participation
36
III.
Land and Indigenous Peoples
38
6.
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
41
I.
Individual and Collective Rights
45
II.
Self-Determination
47
III.
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent
49
7.
Conclusion
56
2.
Soft Law and Hard Realities: The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
59
1.
Cautionary Tales
61
2.
Developments in the Business and Human Rights Discourse
69
3.
United Nations "Protect, Respect and Remedy" Framework
77
I.
Three Pillars of the UNGP S
78
II.
Principled Pragmatism
105
4.
Conclusion
106
3.
Indigenous Filipinos: The Regalian Doctrine and Indigenous Rights Prior to the 1987 Constitution
109
1.
Pre-Colonial Philippines
109
2.
Introduction of the Regalian Doctrine
112
3.
American Succession
115
I.
American Policies on Indigenous Filipinos
116
II.
Indigenous Peoples in Jurisprudence
120
4.
Land Policies During the Colonial Government and the Regalian Doctrine in the 1935 Constitution
130
5.
Iteration of the Regalian Doctrine in the 1973 Constitution
136
I.
Marcos Regime's Policy on Indigenous Peoples
137
II.
Ancestral Territories as Part of the Public Domain
142
6.
Conclusion
144
4.
Indigenous Rights under the 1987 Constitution
147
1.
Status of International Law in the 1987 Constitution and Philippine Jurisprudence
147
I.
Philippines as a Dualist State
147
II.
Judicial Review
150
2.
Philippine Human Rights Law
152
I.
Human Rights in Jurisprudence
153
II.
Philippine Commission on Human Rights: Bastion of Human Rights or Paper Tiger?
155
3.
Obligations under the International Bill of Human Rights and the Core Treaties
156
4.
Current Iteration of the Regalian Doctrine
158
5.
Indigenous Rights Discourse under the 1987 Constitution
160
6.
Developments Prior to the Passage of the IPRA
166
I.
Pre-IPRA Government Agencies
166
II.
Indigenous Peoples in Autonomous Regions
168
III.
DENR Administrative Order No. 02, Series of 1993
171
7.
Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997
173
I.
Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines
173
II.
Legal Basis of the IPRA and Its Governing Principles
175
8.
I PRA'S Rights Protection Regime
177
I.
Rights to Ancestral Domains and Lands
177
II.
Right to Social and Human Rights
186
III.
Right to Self-Governance and Empowerment
187
IV.
Right to Cultural Integrity
191
V.
Right to Remedies
192
9.
Right to FP IC in Tourism: the Experience of the Calamian Tagbanua of Coron Island, Palawan
197
10.
Conclusion
199
5.
Tourism and Indigenous Land Rights
202
1.
Tourism's Impacts on Indigenous Rights
203
2.
UN World Tourism Organization
207
3.
Global Code of Tourism Ethics
209
I.
G CET'S 10 Principles
210
II.
Analyzing the GCET
213
III.
Framework Convention on Tourism Ethics and Its Optional Protocol
215
4.
Tourism in the Philippines
217
I.
Tourism Act of 2009
217
II.
Tourism Governance
218
III.
Tourism Enterprise Zones
221
IV.
Grievance Mechanisms
222
V.
Incentives for Social Responsibility Initiatives
223
5.
Respecting Human Rights in the Tourism Industry
224
I.
Corporate Policy Commitment
224
II.
Human Rights Due Diligence in Tourism
225
III.
Dispute Resolution through the World Committee on Tourism Ethics
229
6.
Conclusion
231
6.
Ati Community of Boracay Island
234
1.
Boracay: Profile of an Island Paradise
235
2.
Remembering The Ati's Boracay
237
I.
Boracay before Mass Tourism
238
II.
First Boracaynon
240
III.
Contemporary Ati Community
241
3.
Tourism on the Rise
242
I.
Boracay as a Tourist Zone
242
II.
Tourism Governance in Boracay
244
4.
Displacement and Resettlement
245
I.
Relocation to Bolabog
245
II.
Charity-Based Approach to Displacement
246
5.
Political Alternative: an Ati Reservation via Presidential Proclamation
249
6.
Presidential Proclamation No. 1064
251
7.
Ati as Rights-Holders: The CADT Application Process
253
I.
Consultation and Data Gathering (2001 to 2006)
255
II.
NCIP Bureaucracy
256
III.
Ati Problem"
258
IV.
Delay in the Delineation of the Ati's Ancestral Domains
260
8.
Ati and Their Ancestral Domains
262
I.
Issuance of the CADT
263
II.
Occupation through "Self-Installation"
264
9.
Death in the Community
266
10.
Conclusion
267
I.
Obstacles to the Implementation of the IPRA
268
II.
Human-Rights Based Approach vis-a-vis Altruism and Charity
269
III.
Justice for Dexter
269
IV.
Basis of the NCIP En Banc's 79 April 2012 Decision on the Case for Injunction
270
V.
Tourism and the Ati of Boracay
271
Conclusion
273
Bibliography
279
Index
319