Collective dismissal in the European Union : a comparative analysis / edited by Roberto Cosio, Filippo Curcuruto, Vincenzo Di Cerbo, Giovanni Mammone.
2017
KJC2922 .C65 2017 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Title
Collective dismissal in the European Union : a comparative analysis / edited by Roberto Cosio, Filippo Curcuruto, Vincenzo Di Cerbo, Giovanni Mammone.
Published
Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International B.V., [2017]
Call Number
KJC2922 .C65 2017
ISBN
9789041158307 (hbk.)
9041158308 (hbk.)
9789041158475 (e-Book)
9789041186539 (web-PDF)
9041158308 (hbk.)
9789041158475 (e-Book)
9789041186539 (web-PDF)
Description
xlvii, 543 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)973400747
Summary
"[This book is a synthesis of the] collective dismissal in EU member states. When business imperatives require large enterprises to re-organize, involving a reduction in staff that is legally characterized as a collective dismissal, EU directives and laws across Europe mandate specific procedures to support workers who have been made redundant, and allow for sanctions where regulatory or judicial scrutiny uncovers violations. It is thus essential that a clearly defined framework of the laws and jurisprudence in force in each member state be provided for businesses and their counsel to ensure compliance and avoid sanctions."-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Editors
v
Contributors
vii
Foreword
xxxix
Introduction
xliii
ch. 1
Collective Dismissal in Austria
1
1.01.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Roland Gerlach
1
A.
Sources of Law / Roland Gerlach
1
B.
Definition / Roland Gerlach
1
1.02.
Procedure / Roland Gerlach
2
A.
Information Obligations Towards Public Authorities / Roland Gerlach
2
B.
Form and Content of the Notification / Roland Gerlach
3
C.
Co-determination Rights of the Works Council in Case of Collective Dismissal / Roland Gerlach
4
1.
General / Roland Gerlach
4
2.
Information and Consultation Obligations Towards the Works Council / Roland Gerlach
4
3.
General Co-determination Rights of the Works Council in Case of Termination of Employments by the Employer / Roland Gerlach
5
D.
Excursus: The Role of Trade Unions / Roland Gerlach
6
E.
Enterprises Without a Works Council / Roland Gerlach
6
1.03.
Support Measures in Favour of Employees / Roland Gerlach
7
A.
'Social Plan' (Sozialplan) / Roland Gerlach
7
B.
Excursus: Pecuniary Claims upon Termination and Voluntary Benefits / Roland Gerlach
8
C.
Protection from Termination of the Employment on the Level of the Individual Employment / Roland Gerlach
8
1.
Specially Protected Group of Employees / Roland Gerlach
9
a.
Disabled Employees with a Special Status / Roland Gerlach
9
b.
Works Council / Roland Gerlach
10
c.
Parents / Roland Gerlach
11
d.
Other Groups / Roland Gerlach
11
D.
General Protection from Termination of the Employment: Most Important: Socially Unfair Dismissal / Roland Gerlach
11
1.04.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Roland Gerlach
12
ch. 2
Collective Dismissal in Belgium / Roland Gerlach
15
2.01.
Introduction / Michela Velardo
15
2.02.
Section I / Michela Velardo
15
A.
Belgian Economy / Michela Velardo
15
B.
Historical Background / Michela Velardo
16
2.03.
Section II / Michela Velardo
17
A.
Collective Dismissal Procedure / Michela Velardo
17
1.
Definition of the Collective Dismissal Procedure / Michela Velardo
17
2.
Information and Consultation Phase / Michela Velardo
18
3.
Ad hoc Compensations in Case of Collective Dismissal / Michela Velardo
20
4.
Reinstatement Measures / Michela Velardo
21
2.04.
Section III / Michela Velardo
22
A.
Appeals / Michela Velardo
22
1.
Collective Appeal / Michela Velardo
22
2.
Individual Appeal / Michela Velardo
22
3.
Civil Sanctions in the Case of Non-compliance with the Information and Consultation Procedure / Michela Velardo
23
Bibliography / Michela Velardo
24
ch. 3
Collective Dismissals in Bulgaria / Michela Velardo
25
3.01.
Introduction / Krassimira Sredkova
25
3.02.
Legal Regulation of Collective Dismissals / Krassimira Sredkova
25
3.03.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Krassimira Sredkova
25
3.04.
Procedure / Krassimira Sredkova
27
A.
Nature / Krassimira Sredkova
27
1.
Employer's Obligations / Krassimira Sredkova
28
a.
Provision of Information / Krassimira Sredkova
28
b.
Conducting Consultations / Krassimira Sredkova
28
2.
Notification of the NEA / Krassimira Sredkova
29
3.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Krassimira Sredkova
30
A.
Legal Protection of Wrongfully Dismissed Employee / Krassimira Sredkova
30
B.
Sanctions for Violating the Legal Regulation of Collective Redundancies / Krassimira Sredkova
34
3.06.
Conclusion / Krassimira Sredkova
34
ch. 4
Collective Dismissal in Croatia / Krassimira Sredkova
35
4.01.
Introduction / Vanja Smokvina
35
4.02.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Vanja Smokvina
36
4.03.
Procedure / Vanja Smokvina
38
4.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Vanja Smokvina
44
4.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Vanja Smokvina
45
4.06.
Conclusion / Vanja Smokvina
46
References / Vanja Smokvina
47
ch. 5
Collective Dismissal in Cyprus / Vanja Smokvina
51
5.01.
Introduction / Nicos Trimikliniotis
51
5.02.
Collective Dismissals / Nicos Trimikliniotis
52
A.
Redundancies and Dismissal in the Context of Termination of Employment / Nicos Trimikliniotis
52
B.
Collective Dismissal in the Context of 75/129/EEC / Nicos Trimikliniotis
56
5.03.
Procedure / Nicos Trimikliniotis
60
A.
Right to Consultation and Information / Nicos Trimikliniotis
60
5.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Nicos Trimikliniotis
62
5.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Nicos Trimikliniotis
62
5.06.
Conclusions / Nicos Trimikliniotis
62
Bibliography / Nicos Trimikliniotis
63
ch. 6
Collective Dismissal in the Republics of Czech / Nicos Trimikliniotis
65
6.01.
Legal Regulation at the EU Level / Lubomir Ptacek
65
6.02.
Case Law of the Court of Justice of the EU / Lubomir Ptacek
65
6.03.
Reflection of the Regulation of Collective Redundancies at EU Level in the Case Law of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic / Lubomir Ptacek
66
ch. 7
Collective Dismissal in Denmark / Lubomir Ptacek
67
7.01.
Collective Dismissal / Mette Klingsten
67
A.
Danish Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
67
B.
Implementation under a Collective Agreement / Mette Klingsten
69
C.
Faroe Islands and Greenland / Mette Klingsten
69
D.
Danish Terminology / Mette Klingsten
70
1.
Employees / Mette Klingsten
70
2.
Termination of Employment / Mette Klingsten
71
3.
Employer / Mette Klingsten
71
4.
Company (Establishment) / Mette Klingsten
72
5.
Establishment (Place of Work) / Mette Klingsten
72
7.02.
Procedure / Mette Klingsten
73
A.
Notice Periods / Mette Klingsten
73
B.
Selection of Employees to be Dismissed (Selection for Redundancy) / Mette Klingsten
74
C.
Information Given to the Employees: Section 6 of the Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
74
D.
Consultation: Sections 5 and 7 of the Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
75
E.
Notification to the Regional Labour Market Council-Section 7 of the Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
76
F.
Date on Which the Dismissals Take Effect: Section 8 of the Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
78
G.
Stricter Notification Requirements / Mette Klingsten
78
7.03.
Support Measures in Favour of Employees / Mette Klingsten
79
A.
Retention Bonus / Mette Klingsten
79
B.
Garden Leave (Release from Duties) / Mette Klingsten
80
C.
Holiday / Mette Klingsten
80
D.
Training and Outplacement / Mette Klingsten
81
E.
Counter-Resignation / Mette Klingsten
81
F.
Full and Final Settlement / Mette Klingsten
81
7.04.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Mette Klingsten
81
A.
Sanctions Against the Employer / Mette Klingsten
82
B.
Orders for Setting Aside a Dismissal (Reinstatement) and Compensation for an Infringement of the Collective Dismissals Act / Mette Klingsten
82
C.
Sanctions and Procedure: Unfair Dismissal / Mette Klingsten
82
1.
Salaried Employees Act / Mette Klingsten
83
2.
General Agreement Between the Danish Employers' Federation and the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions and Other Collective Agreements / Mette Klingsten
83
3.
Dismissal of Shop Stewards/Employee Representatives / Mette Klingsten
84
4.
Dismissal of Other Categories of Employees Who Have the Same Protection as Employee Representatives/Shop Stewards / Mette Klingsten
84
5.
Dismissal of a 'Spokesperson' / Mette Klingsten
85
D.
Jurisdiction / Mette Klingsten
86
7.05.
Conclusion / Mette Klingsten
86
ch. 8
Collective Dismissal in Estonia / Mette Klingsten
87
8.01.
Introduction / Merle Erikson
87
A.
Formation of the Regulation / Merle Erikson
87
B.
Situation in Practice / Merle Erikson
90
8.02.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Merle Erikson
91
8.03.
Procedure / Merle Erikson
94
A.
Informing and Consulting Employees / Merle Erikson
94
1.
General Principles / Merle Erikson
94
2.
Meaning of Informing and Consulting / Merle Erikson
95
3.
Employees' Representatives / Merle Erikson
96
4.
Informing and Consulting in Practice / Merle Erikson
97
B.
Notification of the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund / Merle Erikson
100
1.
General Principles / Merle Erikson
100
2.
Competent Public Authority / Merle Erikson
100
3.
About Exceptions / Merle Erikson
101
8.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Employees / Merle Erikson
102
A.
General Principles / Merle Erikson
102
B.
Solution of Employment Problems / Merle Erikson
103
C.
Combining of the Collective and Individual Dismissal / Merle Erikson
104
8.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Merle Erikson
106
8.06.
Concluding Remarks / Merle Erikson
107
ch. 9
Collective Dismissal in Finland / Merle Erikson
109
9.01.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Jorma Saloheimo
109
A.
Finnish Economy and Labour Market / Jorma Saloheimo
109
B.
Regulatory Framework / Jorma Saloheimo
110
9.02.
Procedure Preceding Collective Dismissals / Jorma Saloheimo
114
A.
Co-operation Procedure / Jorma Saloheimo
114
B.
Problems of Interpretation / Jorma Saloheimo
116
9.03.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Jorma Saloheimo
118
9.04.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Jorma Saloheimo
120
A.
Control of the Validity of a Collective Dismissal / Jorma Saloheimo
120
1.
Decrease in the Amount of Work / Jorma Saloheimo
120
2.
Reasons for the Decrease of the Amount of Work / Jorma Saloheimo
121
3.
Replacing a Dismissed Employee with a New One / Jorma Saloheimo
123
4.
Employer's Duty to Offer Other Work or Training / Jorma Saloheimo
124
B.
Judicial Process, Sanctions and Remedies / Jorma Saloheimo
125
1.
Proceedings in Regular Courts / Jorma Saloheimo
125
2.
Proceedings in the Labour Court / Jorma Saloheimo
127
Bibliography / Jorma Saloheimo
129
ch. 10
Collective Dismissal in France / Jorma Saloheimo
131
10.01.
French System Features of Collective Dismissals for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
131
A.
Distinction Between Dismissal for Personal Reasons and Dismissal for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
131
B.
Field of Application of the Legislation on Economic Dismissals / Michel Blatman
133
1.
Legislation on Economic Dismissal Applies to the Company and Not to a Particular Employer / Michel Blatman
133
2.
Legislation on Economic Dismissals Does Not Apply to Employees with a Fixed-Term Contract ('contrat a duree determinee'-'CDD') / Michel Blatman
134
3.
Special Treatment of Certain Employee Refusals to Modifications of Their Contract / Michel Blatman
134
4.
Economic Dismissal in Case of Company Transfer / Michel Blatman
136
C.
Difference Between Individual and Collective Dismissals for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
137
1.
Differentiation Criteria / Michel Blatman
137
2.
Inclusion of Voluntary Redundancies and Mutual Termination Agreements Within the Context of Collective Economic Dismissals / Michel Blatman
137
D.
Collective Economic Dismissal Ordering Criteria / Michel Blatman
138
1.
Identification of Dismissal Ordering Criteria / Michel Blatman
138
2.
Loyalty Obligation by the Employer / Michel Blatman
139
3.
Employee Information on the Criteria Applied / Michel Blatman
139
4.
Unlawful Criteria / Michel Blatman
139
5.
Issue of the 'Perimeter' of Application of the Ordering Criteria / Michel Blatman
140
a.
Perimeter of Application in the Presence or Absence of a Collective Agreement / Michel Blatman
140
b.
Perimeter of Application and Employment Safeguard Plan ('plan de sauvegarde de l'emploi'-PSE') / Michel Blatman
140
c.
Perimeter of the Criteria at the Level of the Economic and Social Unit ('unite economique et sociale'-UES') / Michel Blatman
141
6.
Judicial Review of the Dismissal Ordering Criteria and Sanctions Incurred / Michel Blatman
142
a.
Judicial Competence of the Dismissal Ordering Criteria Concerning Protected Employees / Michel Blatman
142
b.
Extent of the Judge's Review on the Dismissal Ordering Criteria / Michel Blatman
142
c.
Compensatory Sanctions in the Case of Failure of Stating the Ordering Criteria and 'Unjustified Loss of Employment' / Michel Blatman
143
10.02.
Procedure for Collective Dismissals for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
143
A.
Dismissal of Less Than Ten Employees Within a Same Thirty-Day Period / Michel Blatman
143
1.
Employee Representatives Consultation Procedure / Michel Blatman
144
2.
Procedure Regarding the Employees / Michel Blatman
144
3.
Information to the Administrative Authority / Michel Blatman
145
4.
Criminal and Civil Sanctions / Michel Blatman
145
B.
Dismissal of Ten or More Employees Within a Same Thirty-Day Period / Michel Blatman
145
1.
General Provisions / Michel Blatman
145
a.
Possibility of a Collective Agreement and the Resulting Specific Procedures (L. 1233-21) / Michel Blatman
146
i.
Company, Group or Branch Agreement Concerning the Information and Consultation Procedures of the Works Council / Michel Blatman
146
ii.
Majority Company Agreement on the Content of the Employment Safeguard Plan and the Implementation of the Dismissals / Michel Blatman
146
b.
Unilateral Document by the Employer (Article L. 1233-24-4) / Michel Blatman
147
c.
Modifications of the Employment Contract Resulting in Ten or More Refusals / Michel Blatman
147
d.
Consecutive Dismissals / Michel Blatman
147
2.
Consultation Procedure for Employee Representatives / Michel Blatman
148
a.
Companies of Less Than Fifty Employees / Michel Blatman
148
b.
Companies or Establishments of at least Fifty Employees / Michel Blatman
148
i.
Information-Consultation of the Works Council / Michel Blatman
148
ii.
Consultation with the Hygiene and Safety Committee ('Comite d'hygiene, de securite et des conditions de travail'-'CHSCT') / Michel Blatman
149
iii.
Consultation with the Central Works Council / Michel Blatman
150
3.
Procedure Regarding the Employees / Michel Blatman
150
a.
Absence of a Pre-dismissal Meeting / Michel Blatman
150
b.
Notification of Dismissal / Michel Blatman
150
i.
Notification Procedures and Deadlines / Michel Blatman
150
ii.
Content of the Dismissal Letter: Reasons and Dismissal Ordering Criteria / Michel Blatman
151
c.
Priority of Re-employment / Michel Blatman
151
d.
Internal Redeployment Measures / Michel Blatman
151
4.
Information and Intervention of the Administrative Authority / Michel Blatman
152
a.
Information to the Direccte / Michel Blatman
152
b.
Intervention of the Administrative Authority / Michel Blatman
152
i.
Role of the Direccte Regarding Companies Which Are Not under the Obligation to Establish an Employment Safeguard Plan / Michel Blatman
153
ii.
Role of the Direccte Regarding Companies Subject to the Obligation to Establish an Employment Safeguard Plan / Michel Blatman
153
C.
Obligation to Seek a Buyer in Case of Planned Closure of an Establishment / Michel Blatman
155
1.
Information to the Employees, the Administrative Authority and the Local Authorities on the Intention to Close the Establishment / Michel Blatman
155
2.
Search for a Buyer / Michel Blatman
156
D.
Economic Dismissals and Collective Procedure (Safeguard, Judicial Reorganization or Liquidation) / Michel Blatman
157
10.03.
Prevention of Dismissals and Subsidy Measures in Favour of the Workers / Michel Blatman
158
A.
Collective Agreements for the Upstream Prevention of Economic Dismissals / Michel Blatman
158
1.
Employment and Skills Planning Programme ('Gestion Previsionnelle des Emplois et des Competences'-'GPEC') / Michel Blatman
158
2.
Internal Mobility Agreements / Michel Blatman
159
3.
'Job Security Agreements': A Temporary Negotiated Solution to Face the Companies' 'Grave Economic Difficulties' / Michel Blatman
159
4.
Offensive Company Agreements for Job Preservation and Development / Michel Blatman
160
B.
Social and Local/Support of the Dismissal Procedures / Michel Blatman
161
1.
Obligation by the Employer to Adapt Employees to the Evolution of Their Jobs / Michel Blatman
161
2.
Obligation of Redeployment / Michel Blatman
162
a.
Guiding Principles for Seeking Redeployment / Michel Blatman
163
i.
Need to Seek an Available Job Within the Company, Group, or Co-employer Companies ('entreprises coemployeurs') / Michel Blatman
163
ii.
Possibility for Collective Agreements to Envisage External Redeployment (Outplacement) / Michel Blatman
166
iii.
Issue of Redeployment Abroad / Michel Blatman
166
b.
Redeployment Search and Proposals / Michel Blatman
167
i.
Serious, Personalized and Loyal Search / Michel Blatman
167
ii.
Written, Precise, Firm Offers Guaranteeing the Employee's Effective Redeployment / Michel Blatman
168
c.
Judge's Role in the Case of Redeployment / Michel Blatman
168
3.
Prior Referral to the Employment Joint Commissions ('commission paritaires de l'emploi') / Michel Blatman
169
C.
Employment Safeguard Plan ('Plan de sauvegarde de l'emploi' Article-'PSE'), Key Point of the 'Great Dismissals for Economic Reasons' / Michel Blatman
169
1.
Who Establishes the Employment Safeguard Plan (PSE)? / Michel Blatman
169
2.
Conditions for Establishing a PSE / Michel Blatman
170
3.
Content of the PSE: Measures for Internal and External Redeployment / Michel Blatman
170
a.
Employment Safeguard Plan Must be Exempt from Discrimination and Respect the Principal of Equal Treatment / Michel Blatman
171
b.
Employment Safeguard Plan Does Not Replace the Employer's Obligation of Redeployment / Michel Blatman
172
4.
Administration's Review of the Preparation and Content of the PSE / Michel Blatman
173
a.
'Limited' Review of the Majority Company Agreement / Michel Blatman
173
b.
'Heavy' Review of the Unilateral Document of the Employer / Michel Blatman
174
i.
Textual Elements / Michel Blatman
174
ii.
Elements of Jurisprudence / Michel Blatman
175
c.
Decision of the Administrative Authority Must Be Reasoned ('Motivee') / Michel Blatman
176
d.
Legal Recourse Against the Decision of the Administrative Authority / Michel Blatman
176
5.
Sanctions in the Case of Irregularities and Non-performance of the PSE / Michel Blatman
177
a.
Competence of the Administrative and Judiciary Courts / Michel Blatman
177
i.
Administrative Competence / Michel Blatman
178
ii.
Judicial Competence: The Dismissal Judge / Michel Blatman
179
b.
Nullity of the Dismissal / Michel Blatman
180
i.
Limited Application of the Nullity of Dismissals / Michel Blatman
181
ii.
Effects of the Nullity of the PSE / Michel Blatman
182
c.
Responsibility of the Employer for the Failure to Implement the PSE / Michel Blatman
184
d.
Reduced Time Limit of Action / Michel Blatman
184
D.
Social Support Measures for the Employees Concerned by a Collective Dismissal for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
184
E.
Means of Indirect Prevention and Compensation for Collective Dismissals: The Revitalization of Employment Areas / Michel Blatman
185
F.
Priority of Reemployment of the Employee Dismissed for Economic Reasons / Michel Blatman
186
1.
Extent of the Reemployment Priority / Michel Blatman
186
2.
Available and Compatible Job Posts / Michel Blatman
187
3.
Sanctions for Violation of the Priority of Reemployment / Michel Blatman
187
10.04.
Jurisdictional Control and Sanctions / Michel Blatman
188
A.
Civil Sanctions / Michel Blatman
188
1.
Sanction of Non-respect of the Procedures of Consultation with the Employee Representatives or of Information to the Administrative Authority / Michel Blatman
189
2.
Sanction in the Case of a Collective Dismissal Whereby the Economic Motive is Neither Real nor Serious / Michel Blatman
189
3.
Extra-contractual Responsibility of a Third Party with Respect to Employees of an Insolvent Company / Michel Blatman
189
B.
Penal Sanctions / Michel Blatman
190
10.05.
Brief Conclusion / Michel Blatman
191
ch. 11
Collective Dismissal in the Federal Republic of Germany / Michel Blatman
193
11.01.
Collective Redundancies: The Case / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
193
A.
Introduction / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
193
B.
Law / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
193
C.
Rationale of the Law / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
196
D.
Scope of the Law on Collective Redundancies / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
197
1.
Establishment / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
197
2.
Employee / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
198
3.
Dismissal / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
199
4.
Number of Redundancies / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
200
11.02.
Procedure / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
200
A.
Consultation / Reinhard Schinz Mario Eylert
201
1.
Information / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
201
2.
Consultation / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
202
3.
Works Council's Comments Regarding the Redundancies / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
203
B.
Notice to the Agency / Reinhard Schinz Mario Eylert
203
11.03.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Reinhard Schinz Mario Eylert
203
A.
Delay of Dismissals / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
203
B.
Material Protection of Employment / Reinhard Schinz Mario Eylert
204
C.
Compromise of Interests and Compensation Plan / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
204
11.04.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Reinhard Schinz Mario Eylert
205
A.
Faulty Notification of Agency / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
205
B.
Faulty Procedure of Consultation / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
206
ch. 12
Collective Dismissals in Greece / Mario Eylert Reinhard Schinz
207
12.01.
Legal Framework Pertaining to Collective Dismissals in Greece / Andriani Papadopoulou
208
A.
Limits / Andriani Papadopoulou
208
B.
Exemptions / Andriani Papadopoulou
209
C.
Obligations of the Employer Prior to the Decision for Collective Dismissal / Andriani Papadopoulou
210
D.
'Real Employment' / Andriani Papadopoulou
210
E.
Due Notification / Andriani Papadopoulou
211
ch. 13
Collective Redundancies in Hungary / Andriani Papadopoulou
213
13.01.
Regulations on Collective Redundancy / Tunde Hando
213
A.
Introduction / Tunde Hando
213
B.
Present Regulation / Tunde Hando
214
13.02.
Characteristics of Collective Redundancies / Tunde Hando
214
A.
Definition / Tunde Hando
214
B.
Specific Features / Tunde Hando
215
1.
Methods and Grounds for Termination of a Legal Relationship / Tunde Hando
215
2.
Dismissal / Tunde Hando
215
3.
Dismissal Without Notice / Tunde Hando
216
4.
Mutual Consent / Tunde Hando
216
5.
Other Methods of Termination / Tunde Hando
217
6.
Average Headcount, Number and Rate of Affected Employees / Tunde Hando
218
7.
Employer, Place of Business / Tunde Hando
219
8.
Relevant Period / Tunde Hando
219
9.
Representatives of Employees / Tunde Hando
220
10.
Government Employment Agency / Tunde Hando
221
13.03.
Course of Collective Redundancies / Tunde Hando
221
A.
Employer's Intention / Tunde Hando
221
B.
Employer's Notification and Consultation / Tunde Hando
221
1.
Industrial Relations / Tunde Hando
221
2.
Notification / Tunde Hando
221
3.
Negotiations / Tunde Hando
222
4.
Agreement / Tunde Hando
223
5.
Employer's Decision / Tunde Hando
223
13.04.
Measures in Favour of the Employees / Tunde Hando
224
13.05.
Remedies, Sanctions / Tunde Hando
226
A.
Employee / Tunde Hando
226
B.
Works Council / Tunde Hando
227
C.
Governmental Employment Agency / Tunde Hando
228
13.06.
Summary / Tunde Hando
228
ch. 14
Collective Dismissal in Ireland / Tunde Hando
231
14.01.
Introduction / Anthony Kerr
231
14.02.
Collective Dismissal / Anthony Kerr
232
14.03.
Procedure / Anthony Kerr
236
14.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Anthony Kerr
240
14.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Anthony Kerr
241
14.06.
Conclusion / Anthony Kerr
243
14.07.
Afterword / Anthony Kerr
244
ch. 15
Collective Dismissals in Italy / Anthony Kerr
247
15.01.
Introduction / Filippo Curcuruto
247
15.02.
Collective Dismissal: The Case. General Remarks / Filippo Curcuruto
250
A.
Features of the Collective Dismissal / Filippo Curcuruto
251
15.03.
Prerequisite Regarding the Employer / Filippo Curcuruto
253
A.
Issues Concerning the Dimensional Profile of the Enterprise in General / Filippo Curcuruto
253
B.
Non-entrepreneur Employers / Filippo Curcuruto
254
15.04.
Issues Regarding Particular Categories Of Workers / Filippo Curcuruto
255
A.
Issue of Executives / Filippo Curcuruto
255
B.
Issues Regarding Other Categories of Workers / Filippo Curcuruto
256
C.
Dismissal of Workers in Critical Situations Requiring Specific Protection / Filippo Curcuruto
257
15.05.
Layoff and Other Forms of Employment Termination / Filippo Curcuruto
257
15.06.
Collective Dismissal Procedure / Filippo Curcuruto
257
15.07.
Selection Criteria Applied in the Choice of Workers to Be Dismissed / Filippo Curcuruto
261
15.08.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Filippo Curcuruto
263
A.
General Remarks / Filippo Curcuruto
263
B.
Procedural Flaws / Filippo Curcuruto
264
1.
Opening Communication / Filippo Curcuruto
264
2.
Communication to the Public Administration and the Communication of the Union Negotiation Result / Filippo Curcuruto
266
3.
Final Communication / Filippo Curcuruto
266
4.
Anti-union Discrimination / Filippo Curcuruto
267
C.
Dismissal Flaws / Filippo Curcuruto
268
D.
System of Sanctions / Filippo Curcuruto
269
15.09.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Filippo Curcuruto
271
ch. 16
Collective Dismissals in Latvia / Filippo Curcuruto
273
16.01.
Introduction / Dana Rone
273
16.02.
Regulation of Collective Dismissals / Dana Rone
274
ch. 17
Collective Dismissals in Lithuania / Dana Rone
279
17.01.
Regulation by Law / Diana Labokaite
279
17.02.
Legal Practice / Diana Labokaite
288
A.
Election of the Work Council Does Not Constitute Duty of the Employer / Diana Labokaite
288
B.
Duty to Transfer Employees to the Newly Formed Company / Diana Labokaite
290
C.
Consultations with the Representatives of Employees Are Neccesary / Diana Labokaite
293
D.
Work Council Needs to Be Invited to Consultations / Diana Labokaite
296
E.
Definition Depends on the Number of Dismissed Employees / Diana Labokaite
297
F.
Two Unions in the Company / Diana Labokaite
298
G.
Dismissal of Small Part of Employees Does Not Fall under the Scope of Collective Dismissal / Diana Labokaite
300
H.
Notification of the Labour Exchange Office Should Be in Advance / Diana Labokaite
301
I.
Small Number of Employees / Diana Labokaite
302
J.
Who Could Be Defined as Representative of the Employees / Diana Labokaite
303
K.
Whether Consultations with the Union Be Successful? / Diana Labokaite
305
17.03.
Conclusion / Diana Labokaite
307
ch. 18
Collective Dismissals in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg / Diana Labokaite
309
18.01.
Part One: The Legal Framework / Tom Moes
309
18.02.
Part Two: The Luxembourgish and European Jurisprudence / Tom Moes
312
A.
Definition of a Collective Dismissal / Tom Moes
312
B.
Collective Dismissal and Protective Measures Against the Discharge of a Staff Representative / Tom Moes
318
C.
Effects of the Social Plan on Following Individual Dismissals / Tom Moes
320
ch. 19
Collective Dismissal in Malta / Tom Moes
323
19.01.
Collective Redundancies / Paul Gonzi
323
A.
Legal Framework / Paul Gonzi
323
B.
Termination of an Employment Relationship / Paul Gonzi
324
C.
Collective Redundancies / Paul Gonzi
325
1.
Number of Terminations / Paul Gonzi
326
2.
Five Redundancies / Paul Gonzi
327
3.
Term 'Establishment' / Paul Gonzi
327
4.
Exclusions / Paul Gonzi
328
5.
Right to Information and Consultation / Paul Gonzi
329
6.
When Does Notice of Termination Begin to Run / Paul Gonzi
331
D.
Protection for Employees / Paul Gonzi
333
E.
Penalty for Offences / Paul Gonzi
335
ch. 20
Collective Dismissal in the Netherlands / Paul Gonzi
337
20.01.
Introduction / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
337
A.
Collective Dismissal Versus Individual Dismissal / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
337
B.
Preliminary Remarks on the Dismissal of Employees in the Netherlands / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
338
C.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
340
D.
Procedure at the Enterprise Section of the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
341
E.
Which Employees Can Be Dismissed? / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
342
F.
Procedure at the UWV / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
342
G.
Procedure at the Cantonal Judge / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
343
H.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
343
I.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
344
ch. 21
Collective Dismissals in Poland / Yvonne Erkens Gerrard Boot
345
21.01.
Introduction / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
345
21.02.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
346
A.
Personal Scope of Application / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
347
B.
Material Scope of Application / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
349
21.03.
Procedure / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
350
A.
Information and Consultation / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
351
B.
Notification / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
354
C.
Termination of Employment Relationship Within the Collective Dismissals Procedure / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
355
21.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
358
21.05.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
361
21.06.
Conclusions / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
365
Bibliography / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
365
ch. 22
Collective Dismissal in Portugal / Agata Ludera-Ruszel
371
22.01.
Collective Dismissal: The Case / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
371
22.02.
Procedure / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
374
A.
Communications (Article 360) / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
374
B.
Negotiation (Articles 361 and 362) / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
375
C.
Decision (Articles 363-365) / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
376
22.03.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
377
A.
Indemnity / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
377
1.
Legislative Evolution / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
377
2.
Current Regime / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
379
a.
Indemnity for Contracts Initiated after 1 October 2013 / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
379
b.
Indemnity for Contracts Initiated Before 1 October 2013 / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
379
i.
Contracts Initiated Before 1 November 2011 / Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques, Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto
380
ii.
Contracts Initiated Between 1 November 2011 and 30 September 2013 / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
381
B.
Credit of Hours and Right to Cease the Contract / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
381
22.04.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
382
A.
Sanctions / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
382
1.
Regulatory Offences / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
382
2.
Unlawfulness of Dismissal / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
383
B.
Judicial Control / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
384
ch. 23
Collective Dismissal in Romania / Paula Mendes Ferreira Roberto, Filipe Cesar Vilarinho Marques
387
23.01.
Applicable Legislation / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
387
23.02.
Cases / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
388
23.03.
Procedure / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
389
23.04.
Support Measures in Favour of Workers / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
392
A.
Prohibitions / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
392
B.
Professional Evaluation / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
392
C.
Compensation / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
393
D.
Right to Notice / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
394
E.
Right to Re-employment / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
394
23.05.
Form of the Dismissal Decision / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
395
23.06.
Judicial Control and Sanctions / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
395
23.07.
Conclusion / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
396
Short Bibliography / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
396
ch. 24
Collective Dismissal in the Slovak Republic / Aurelian Gabriel Uluitu
397
24.01.
Introduction / Pavol Kundrik
397
24.02.
Law / Pavol Kundrik
397
24.03.
Rationale of the Law / Pavol Kundrik
399
24.04.
Collective Dismissal / Pavol Kundrik
399
A.
Definition and Threshold / Pavol Kundrik
399
B.
Information to and Negotiation with the Employees' Representatives / Pavol Kundrik
400
C.
Information to the Labour Office / Pavol Kundrik
401
D.
Dismissal of Employees / Pavol Kundrik
401
E.
Sanctions / Pavol Kundrik
402
ch. 25
Collective Dismissals in Slovenia / Pavol Kundrik
405
25.01.
Introduction / Miran Blaha
405
25.02.
Legal Framework / Miran Blaha
406
A.
Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia / Miran Blaha
406
B.
Employment Relationships Act / Miran Blaha
406
C.
Bankruptcy or Liquidation / Miran Blaha
408
D.
Workers' Representatives / Miran Blaha
409
1.
Trade Union / Miran Blaha
409
2.
Elected Workers' Representatives / Miran Blaha
409
E.
Public Employees / Miran Blaha
410
F.
Collective Agreements / Miran Blaha
411
25.03.
Procedure / Miran Blaha
412
A.
Business Reasons / Miran Blaha
412
B.
Larger Number of Workers / Miran Blaha
414
1.
Definition of the Employer / Miran Blaha
414
2.
Time Frame / Miran Blaha
415
3.
Consideration of Workers Whose Employment Relationship was Terminated from Other Reasons / Miran Blaha
416
4.
Workers Employed under a Fixed-Term Contract and Employment Agency Workers / Miran Blaha
417
C.
Notification and Consultations / Miran Blaha
418
D.
Dismissal Programme (Social Plan) / Miran Blaha
420
E.
Selection Criteria / Miran Blaha
421
F.
Bankruptcy / Miran Blaha
422
25.04.
Support Measures / Miran Blaha
423
A.
Time Limits for a Dismissal / Miran Blaha
423
B.
Workers' Representatives / Miran Blaha
423
C.
Older Workers / Miran Blaha
424
D.
Parents / Miran Blaha
425
E.
Disabled Persons and Persons Absent from Work Due to Illness / Miran Blaha
425
F.
Notice Period / Miran Blaha
426
G.
Severance Pay / Miran Blaha
427
H.
Rights from Unemployment Insurance / Miran Blaha
427
I.
Insolvency / Miran Blaha
428
25.05.
Sanctions and Judicial Protection / Miran Blaha
430
A.
Penalties / Miran Blaha
430
B.
Labour Disputes / Miran Blaha
430
C.
Parties in Labour Disputes / Miran Blaha
431
D.
Consequences of Illegality: Reintegration or Judicial Termination / Miran Blaha
432
Bibliography / Miran Blaha
433
ch. 26
Collective Dismissals in Spain / Miran Blaha
435
26.01.
Introduction / Antonio Martin Valverde
435
26.02.
Overview of Sources and Regulatory Standards / Antonio Martin Valverde
435
26.03.
Abolition of the Administrative Approval of the Collective Dismissal since the Labour Market Reform of 2012 / Antonio Martin Valverde
438
26.04.
'Numerical Element' of the Concept of Collective Redundancy: The ECJ Judgment of 13 May 2015 and the Judgment of the Supreme Court of Spain of 22 April 2012 / Antonio Martin Valverde
440
26.05.
Fair Grounds for Economic Layoffs (Collective Dismissals and Objective Dismissals due to Business Reasons): From the Decisions of the Supreme Court to the Wording of the Law / Antonio Martin Valverde
443
26.06.
(Private) Procedure of the Collective Dismissal / Antonio Martin Valverde
446
26.07.
Legal Remedies for the Decision of Collective Dismissal and of the Agreed-Upon Layoffs Based on It / Antonio Martin Valverde
448
26.08.
Final Considerations / Antonio Martin Valverde
450
ch. 27
Collective Redundancies in Sweden / Antonio Martin Valverde
453
27.01.
Introduction / Pia Nyblaeus
453
27.02.
Labour Market / Pia Nyblaeus
453
27.03.
Act Regarding Co-determination in Employment (SFS 1976:580) / Pia Nyblaeus
455
A.
Primary and Secondary Negotiation / Pia Nyblaeus
456
B.
When Must Negotiations be Requested / Pia Nyblaeus
457
C.
Two Phases / Pia Nyblaeus
457
D.
Groups of Companies / Pia Nyblaeus
458
E.
Postponement of Decision / Pia Nyblaeus
459
F.
Development Agreement and Other General Agreements / Pia Nyblaeus
459
G.
Act Regarding Board Representation / Pia Nyblaeus
460
H.
Collaborative Negotiations According to Paragraph 12 / Pia Nyblaeus
460
I.
Right to Negotiation for Unions that Do Not Have a Collective Agreement with the Employer / Pia Nyblaeus
460
J.
Special Negotiation Rule in the MBL Paragraphs 14-17 / Pia Nyblaeus
461
K.
Employment Promotion Act / Pia Nyblaeus
462
27.04.
Act on Employment Protection (SFS 1982:80) / Pia Nyblaeus
464
A.
Justifiable Grounds for Redundancy (Paragraph 7) / Pia Nyblaeus
464
B.
Rules for the Order of Priority in the LAS / Pia Nyblaeus
465
C.
Practical Application Problems / Pia Nyblaeus
466
D.
Severance Payments / Pia Nyblaeus
467
E.
Formal Rules on Redundancy / Pia Nyblaeus
468
F.
Notice Periods, etc. / Pia Nyblaeus
468
G.
Preferential Right to Re-employment / Pia Nyblaeus
469
H.
Consequences and Disputes / Pia Nyblaeus
470
I.
Legal Proceedings / Pia Nyblaeus
471
Appendices: Paragraphs in Acts and Agreements / Pia Nyblaeus
471
ch. 28
Collective Dismissals in the United Kingdom / Pia Nyblaeus
485
28.01.
Introduction / Alan C. Neal
485
28.02.
Regime Introduced by the Redundancy Payments Act 1965 / Alan C. Neal
486
28.03.
'Collective Dismissals' in the Wake of Directive 75/129/EEC / Alan C. Neal
488
A.
Duty to Consult / Alan C. Neal
490
B.
Duty to Notify / Alan C. Neal
496
C.
Remedies and Sanctions / Alan C. Neal
498
28.04.
Miscellaneous 'Loose Ends' / Alan C. Neal
499
A.
Issue of When the Article 2 Duty is Triggered / Alan C. Neal
499
B.
Scope of the Notion of 'Establishment' in Directive 98/59/EC? / Alan C. Neal
502
C.
Enforcing the Duty to Notify / Alan C. Neal
503
28.05.
Summary / Alan C. Neal
504
Annex / Alan C. Neal
506
ch. 29
Regulation of Collective Redundancies: European Union Countries at the Mirror of Global Standards and Trends / Alan C. Neal
521
29.01.
International Standards and Indicators for National Labour Laws / Angelika Muller
522
A.
International Labour Standards / Angelika Muller
522
B.
Directives of the European Union / Angelika Muller
524
C.
OECD Indicator of Employment Protection Strictness / Angelika Muller
524
D.
'Employing Workers' Indicators in the World Bank's 'Doing Business' / Angelika Muller
526
29.02.
Comparative Review of Regulation of Collective Dismissals for Economic Reasons / Angelika Muller
526
A.
Definition of Collective Redundancies and Specific Procedures / Angelika Muller
526
B.
Authorization of Collective Redundancies by Third Parties / Angelika Muller
529
C.
Employer's Obligation to Consider Other Options Before Dismissals / Angelika Muller
531
D.
Selection Criteria for Workers to be Redundant / Angelika Muller
533
E.
Priority Right for Re-employment / Angelika Muller
535
29.03.
Conclusions / Angelika Muller
537
References / Angelika Muller
538
Index / Angelika Muller
541