EU environmental and planning law aspects of large-scale projects / edited by Bernard Vanheusden, Lorenzo Squintani.
2016
KJE6242 .E913 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Title
EU environmental and planning law aspects of large-scale projects / edited by Bernard Vanheusden, Lorenzo Squintani.
Published
Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland : Intersentia, [2016]
Copyright
©2016
Call Number
KJE6242 .E913 2016
ISBN
9781780683812 (paperback)
1780683812 (paperback)
1780683812 (paperback)
Description
xv, 394 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)938394325
Note
Includes 16 contributions from those presented during the Second EELF Conference in Brussels, jointly hosted by Hastelt University and EU Leuven, Campus Brussels, from 10 to 12 September 2014.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references.
Record Appears in
Variant Title
European Union environmental and planning law aspects of large-scale projects
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Added Corporate Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
Part I. General / Bernard Vanheusden Lorenzo Squintani
ch. 1
Environmental Aspects of State Aid for Energy Investment Projects / Lorenzo Squintani Bernard Vanheusden
11
1.
Introduction / Martin Stoczkiewicz
11
1.1.
Thematic Context and Scope of Analysis / Martin Stoczkiewicz
11
1.2.
Key Questions and the Structure of an Analysis / Martin Stoczkiewicz
14
2.
EU Environmental Policy and State Aid Rules / Martin Stoczkiewicz
14
3.
'Polluter Pays' and 'Integration' as Principles Linking Environmental Objectives with Competition Rules / Martin Stoczkiewicz
15
3.1.
'Polluter Pays' Principle and State Aid / Martin Stoczkiewicz
16
3.2.
Integration Principle and State Aid / Martin Stoczkiewicz
17
4.
State Aid for Energy Investment Projects in Environment and Energy Guidelines 2014-2020 / Martin Stoczkiewicz
21
4.1.
General Remarks / Martin Stoczkiewicz
21
4.2.
Positive Integration / Martin Stoczkiewicz
21
4.3.
Negative Integration / Martin Stoczkiewicz
22
5.
Conclusions / Martin Stoczkiewicz
24
ch. 2
New 2014 Regulation on Noise-Related Restrictions at EU Airports. Help or Hurdle to Noise Management? / Martin Stoczkiewicz
27
1.
Introduction / Delphine Misonne
27
2.
Current Framework / Delphine Misonne
29
2.1.
Influence of ICAO / Delphine Misonne
29
2.2.
Balanced Approach / Delphine Misonne
30
2.3.
New Avenue for Litigation / Delphine Misonne
31
3.
New Regulation / Delphine Misonne
34
3.1.
Ratio Legis / Delphine Misonne
34
3.2.
Operating Restrictions / Delphine Misonne
35
3.3.
Process under Close Supervision / Delphine Misonne
36
3.3.1.
Notifications / Delphine Misonne
37
3.3.2.
Extensive Consultations / Delphine Misonne
38
3.4.
Balanced but also Cost-Effective Approach / Delphine Misonne
39
3.5.
Authorities that are Independent from All Stakeholders / Delphine Misonne
41
4.
Assessment / Delphine Misonne
42
ch. 3
EU and the Participation of Civil Society in Large Projects / Delphine Misonne
45
1.
Introduction / Ludwig Kramer
45
2.
Large Projects in EU Environmental Law / Ludwig Kramer
45
3.
Participation and Consultation / Ludwig Kramer
47
4.
Participation in EU Large, in Particular Trans-European Projects / Ludwig Kramer
49
4.1.
Trans-European Energy Projects / Ludwig Kramer
50
4.2.
Trans-European Transport Projects / Ludwig Kramer
52
4.3.
Concerned Citizens and Trans-European Projects / Ludwig Kramer
52
4.4.
Ways Ahead / Ludwig Kramer
54
5.
Conclusion / Ludwig Kramer
56
ch. 4
From Host to Investor: Enhancing the Sustainability of CDM Forest Carbon Projects / Ludwig Kramer
57
1.
Introduction / Yixin Xu
57
2.
Current Regulatory and Private Sustainability Assessment / Yixin Xu
61
2.1.
Host Countries' Regulatory Sustainability Assessment / Yixin Xu
62
2.1.1.
Main Project Players and CDM Project Cycle / Yixin Xu
62
2.1.2.
Regulatory Sustainability Assessment in the National Approval Procedure / Yixin Xu
64
2.1.3.
Problems of Host Countries' Sustainability Assessments / Yixin Xu
66
2.2.
Private Forest Certification Schemes in CDM Forest Projects / Yixin Xu
68
2.2.1.
Market of Private Forest Certification Schemes / Yixin Xu
69
2.2.2.
Forest Stewardship Council / Yixin Xu
70
2.2.3.
Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard / Yixin Xu
71
2.2.4.
Problems of Private Forest Certification Schemes in CDM Forest Projects / Yixin Xu
72
2.3.
CDM Voluntary Tool for Describing Sustainable Development Co-Benefits / Yixin Xu
73
3.
Suggestions Proposed by Previous Scholars / Yixin Xu
74
3.1.
International versus National Regulatory Approach / Yixin Xu
74
3.2.
Promoting Incentives for Conserving Forests Ecosystem Services / Yixin Xu
75
3.3.
Ex-Post Environmental Sustainability Assessment / Yixin Xu
77
3.4.
Increase Local Participation and Power Decentralisation / Yixin Xu
77
4.
Policy Analysis / Yixin Xu
78
5.
Conclusion / Yixin Xu
82
Part II. Public Participation / Yixin Xu
ch. 5
Legislative Validation in Times of Environmental Democracy: Going Beyond the Deadlock or a Road to Nowhere? / Yixin Xu
85
1.
Introduction / Hendrik Schoukens
85
2.
Legislative Validation, EIA and Aarhus: 'Ceci n'est pas une pipe?' / Hendrik Schoukens
89
2.1.
Basics of EIA in the European Union: the Backbone of Sustainable Spatial Development? / Hendrik Schoukens
89
2.2.
Access to Justice in Relation to EIA Rules / Hendrik Schoukens
90
2.3.
Exemption Offered by Article 1(4) of the EIA Directive / Hendrik Schoukens
93
3.
Strict Judicial Scrutiny: Aarhus Shows its Teeth to the Walloon Region (in Theory) / Hendrik Schoukens
96
3.1.
Re-Emergence of Article 1(4) in a Belgian Large Infrastructure Case / Hendrik Schoukens
96
3.2.
pasaran!' says the Court in Luxembourg and the Belgian Constitutional Court in Brussels / Hendrik Schoukens
98
3.3.
Irony of it All? / Hendrik Schoukens
101
4.
More Generous Approach: UK Supreme Court Endorses the HS2 Hybrid Bill / Hendrik Schoukens
106
4.1.
New Twist to a Long-Standing Debate / Hendrik Schoukens
106
4.2.
UK Supreme Court Opts for a Middle Ground / Hendrik Schoukens
108
4.3.
Common Sense or Splendid Isolation? / Hendrik Schoukens
111
5.
Concluding Remarks / Hendrik Schoukens
115
ch. 6
Controversies about Projects or Plans Passed by Law in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment, Right to Take Part and Access to Justice on Environmental Issues / Hendrik Schoukens
119
1.
Introduction / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
119
2.
Right to Participate on Environmental Matters / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
121
2.1.
Aarhus Convention / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
121
2.2.
European Union Law / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
123
2.3.
Spanish Legislation / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
124
3.
Effects of the Projects and Plans Passed by a Legislative Act Both on the Environmental Impact Assessment and the Strategic Environmental Assessment / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
125
3.1.
Foundation of the Environmental Impact Assessment / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
126
3.2.
Adequate Procedure to Participate and Coordinate Public Authorities / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
128
3.2.1.
European Union Case Law's Approach / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
128
3.2.2.
Objections to the CJEU's Case Law: the Right to Participate in the EIA and the Strategic Environmental Assessment / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
130
3.3.
Single Legislative Acts and EIA Legislation / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
131
3.3.1.
Single Legislative Acts: Concept and Characteristics / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
131
3.3.2.
Recent Jurisprudence of the Spanish Constitutional Court / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
133
3.3.3.
Some Critical Observations Related to Participation and the Procedure / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
135
4.
Access to Justice on Environmental Matters / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
137
4.1.
Right to Appeal / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
137
4.2.
Single Legislative Acts and the Right to Access to Justice on Environmental Issues / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
139
5.
Conclusions / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
141
ch. 7
Implementation of the Second Pillar of the Aarhus Convention in Italy: The Need for Reform and for Introduction of the So-Called 'Deliberative Arenas' / Jose Ignacio Cubero Marcos, Unai Aberasturi Gorrisio
143
1.
Preliminary Remarks on the Scope of the Article: Public Participation in the Environmental Field / Viviana Molaschi
143
1.1.
Interest in Studying 'Deliberative Arenas' / Viviana Molaschi
146
2.
Aarhus Convention: a Brief Outline / Viviana Molaschi
148
3.
Implementation of the Second Pillar of the Aarhus Convention in the Italian Environmental Code: the Regulation of the 'Ordinary' EIA and the Sea / Viviana Molaschi
149
4.
Public Participation in the 'Special' EIA Concerning Major Works / Viviana Molaschi
154
5.
Example of the Law of Tuscany n. 46 of 2013 on Regional Public Debate and Promotion of Participation in the Elaboration of Regional and Local Policies / Viviana Molaschi
156
6.
Conclusions: Participatory Gaps and Criticalities of Italian Environmental Legislation: the Need for Reform and for Introduction of Deliberative Arenas / Viviana Molaschi
161
Part III. Environmental Impact Assessment / Viviana Molaschi
ch. 8
Trans-Boundary Environmental Impact Assessment in Cross-Border Oil and Gas Pipelines: What Lessons Can Be Learned from the Espoo Convention and the EU EIA Directive / Viviana Molaschi
169
1.
Introduction / Mehdi Piri Damagh
169
2.
Current Legal Framework of Trans-Boundary EIA for Cross-Border Pipelines in the EU / Mehdi Piri Damagh
174
2.1.
Espoo Convention / Mehdi Piri Damagh
174
2.2.
EU EIA Directive / Mehdi Piri Damagh
175
2.3.
TEN-E Regulation / Mehdi Piri Damagh
177
3.
Analysis of Applying Trans-Boundary EIA to Cross-Border Pipelines / Mehdi Piri Damagh
178
3.1.
Critique: Challenges of Applying Trans-Boundary EIA to the Cross-Border Pipelines, the Case Study of the Nord Stream Gas Pipeline / Mehdi Piri Damagh
179
3.2.
Applying the Espoo Convention and EU EIA Directive in the Context of Such Challenges / Mehdi Piri Damagh
183
3.2.1.
Assessment of Alternatives / Mehdi Piri Damagh
184
3.2.2.
Trans-Boundary EIA in Cases Involving Non-EU Member States and Countries that are not Parties to the Espoo Convention / Mehdi Piri Damagh
185
3.2.3.
Complying with National EIA Requirements / Mehdi Piri Damagh
186
3.2.4.
Overall Assessment of the Project / Mehdi Piri Damagh
187
4.
Conclusions / Mehdi Piri Damagh
187
ch. 9
Environmental Impact Assessment to Support Marine Innovation: The 'Rochdale Envelope' and 'Deploy & Monitor' in the UK's Ocean Energy Industry / Mehdi Piri Damagh
189
1.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Ocean Energy / Glen Wright
190
1.1.
Case Study: Marine Current Turbines, Northern Ireland / Glen Wright
193
2.
Issues with EIA for Ocean Energy Projects / Glen Wright
194
3.
Introducing Risk into the Regulatory Framework / Glen Wright
195
4.
Case Study: the UK / Glen Wright
197
4.1.
Rochdale Envelope / Glen Wright
198
4.2.
Deploy & Monitor / Glen Wright
203
5.
Challenges / Glen Wright
208
6.
Future Development / Glen Wright
210
7.
Conclusion / Glen Wright
212
Part IV. Water / Glen Wright
ch. 10
Case for Smart Governance in European Water Law / Glen Wright
215
1.
Introduction / David Salm
215
2.
Water Framework Directive's Regime / David Salm
217
2.1.
Historical Overview / David Salm
217
2.2.
River Basin Districts / David Salm
219
2.3.
River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures / David Salm
219
2.4.
Prohibition of Deterioration / David Salm
220
2.5.
Imperative of Improving / David Salm
221
2.6.
Interim Findings / David Salm
223
3.
Weservertiefung Case / David Salm
224
3.1.
Bundesverwaltungsgericht's Questions to the ECJ / David Salm
224
3.2.
Advocate General Idaskinen's Opinion / David Salm
225
3.2.1.
Article 4 WFD as a Self-Executing Norm / David Salm
226
3.2.2.
Interpretation of 'Deterioration' and 'Good Status' / David Salm
227
3.3.
ECJ's Judgment / David Salm
230
3.4.
Consequences for Large-Scale Industrial Projects / David Salm
231
4.
Case for Smart Governance / David Salm
233
ch. 11
Coal-Fired Power Plants under EU Water Law: The Phasing-Out Requirement of Priority Hazardous Substances - An Obstacle to the Permission of Coal-Fired Power Plants? / David Salm
237
1.
Introduction / Lisa Loffler
237
2.
Facts and Figures Concerning Coal-Fired Power Plants / Lisa Loffler
238
3.
Phasing-Out requirement of Mercury and its Different Interpretation / Lisa Loffler
239
3.1.
Phasing-Out Requirement under EU Water Law / Lisa Loffler
241
3.2.
Time Frame for the Implementation of the Phasing-Out Requirement / Lisa Loffler
241
3.3.
Legal Effect of the Phasing-Out Requirement / Lisa Loffler
244
3.3.1.
Arguments Against Direct Legal Effect / Lisa Loffler
244
3.3.2.
Arguments in Favour of a Direct Legal Effect / Lisa Loffler
245
4.
Summary / Lisa Loffler
247
ch. 12
Permissibility of Projects for Interbasin Water Transfer under the Prism of the EU Water and Environmental Legislation / Lisa Loffler
249
1.
Introduction / Vasiliki Karageorgou
249
2.
Lessons Learned by the Implementation of the IBTs Worldwide / Vasiliki Karageorgou
251
2.1.
Brief Analysis of the Schemes / Vasiliki Karageorgou
251
2.2.
Remarks Concerning the Implications of IBTs / Vasiliki Karageorgou
254
3.
Assessing the IBTs under the Prism of the New Regulatory Concepts in Water and Environmental Law, with Emphasis on the Developments at EU Level / Vasiliki Karageorgou
256
3.1.
'Paradigm Shift' in Water Law and its Relevance for Assessing IBTs / Vasiliki Karageorgou
256
3.2.
Relevant Principles, Criteria and Instruments for Assessing IBTs under the EU Water and Environmental Law / Vasiliki Karageorgou
259
3.2.1.
Critical Principles and Rules in EU Water Law / Vasiliki Karageorgou
259
3.2.2.
Critical Principles and Instruments in EU Environmental Law / Vasiliki Karageorgou
263
4.
Case of Acheloos under the Prism of its Legal and Governance Perspectives / Vasiliki Karageorgou
264
4.1.
Background Information for the Acheloos Diversion Scheme / Vasiliki Karageorgou
264
4.2.
Jurisprudence of the Council of State before the Request for a Preliminary Ruling / Vasiliki Karageorgou
265
4.3.
CJEU Ruling in the Acheloos Case / Vasiliki Karageorgou
268
4.4.
Decision of the Council of State after the CJEU Ruling / Vasiliki Karageorgou
273
5.
Concluding Remarks / Vasiliki Karageorgou
275
Part V. Nature / Vasiliki Karageorgou
ch. 13
Assessment and Authorisation of Plans and Projects Having a Significant Impact on Natura 2000 Sites / Vasiliki Karageorgou
281
1.
Introduction / Nicolas De Sadeleer
281
2.
Appropriate Impact Assessment (Article 6(3) First Phrase) / Nicolas De Sadeleer
286
2.1.
Introductory Comments / Nicolas De Sadeleer
286
2.2.
Which Plans and which Projects are Subject to an AIA? / Nicolas De Sadeleer
286
2.2.1.
Broad Interpretation of the Concepts / Nicolas De Sadeleer
286
2.2.2.
Projects and Plans that Are Likely to Have a Significant Impact / Nicolas De Sadeleer
288
2.2.3.
Screening: Prior Assessment of the Plan or Project's Significance / Nicolas De Sadeleer
291
2.2.4.
Advantages and Drawbacks of Screening Methods / Nicolas De Sadeleer
292
2.2.5.
Splitting of Plans and Projects / Nicolas De Sadeleer
294
2.3.
Content of the AIA / Nicolas De Sadeleer
295
2.3.1.
Background Against which the Appropriate Assessment Must Be Carried Out / Nicolas De Sadeleer
295
2.3.2.
Soundness of the Appropriate Assessment / Nicolas De Sadeleer
295
2.3.3.
Best Scientific Knowledge in the Field / Nicolas De Sadeleer
296
2.3.4.
Material Range of Effects / Nicolas De Sadeleer
298
2.3.5.
Uncertain Effects / Nicolas De Sadeleer
299
2.3.6.
Geographical Range of Effects / Nicolas De Sadeleer
300
2.3.7.
Concluding Remarks / Nicolas De Sadeleer
300
3.
Substantive Decision Criterion (Article 6(3) Second Phrase) / Nicolas De Sadeleer
300
3.1.
Introductory Comments / Nicolas De Sadeleer
300
3.2.
Impact of Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive on National Procedural Law / Nicolas De Sadeleer
301
3.2.1.
Express Authorisation / Nicolas De Sadeleer
301
3.2.2.
Stage at which Formal Consent Must Be Granted to the Developer / Nicolas De Sadeleer
302
3.2.3.
Circumventing Formal Administrative Consent by Legislative Acts / Nicolas De Sadeleer
302
3.3.
Plan and Project that can be Authorised in as Much as it Will not Affect Site's Integrity / Nicolas De Sadeleer
303
3.3.1.
No Adverse Effects on Site's Integrity / Nicolas De Sadeleer
303
3.3.2.
Precautionary Decision-Making / Nicolas De Sadeleer
305
3.3.3.
Participatory Decision-Making / Nicolas De Sadeleer
307
3.3.4.
Statement of Reasons / Nicolas De Sadeleer
307
4.
Derogatory Regime (Article 6(4)) / Nicolas De Sadeleer
308
4.1.
Introductory Comments / Nicolas De Sadeleer
308
4.1.1.
Derogation Mechanism Following Negative Findings in Assessment / Nicolas De Sadeleer
308
4.1.2.
First Condition: Absence of Alternative Solutions / Nicolas De Sadeleer
309
4.1.3.
Second Condition: Weighing Interests / Nicolas De Sadeleer
310
4.1.3.1.
Non-Priority Habitats and Species / Nicolas De Sadeleer
311
4.1.3.2.
Priority Habitats and Species / Nicolas De Sadeleer
311
4.1.3.3.
Derogations Interpreted in the Light of the Objective of Sustainable Development / Nicolas De Sadeleer
312
4.1.3.4.
Procedural Requirements / Nicolas De Sadeleer
314
4.1.4.
Mitigation Measures / Nicolas De Sadeleer
314
4.1.5.
Compensatory Measures / Nicolas De Sadeleer
315
5.
AIA, EIA, and SEA: How to Square the Circle? / Nicolas De Sadeleer
315
6.
Conclusions / Nicolas De Sadeleer
318
ch. 14
Compensatory Measures for Large-Scale Projects in European Nature Conservation Law after the Briels Case / Nicolas De Sadeleer
321
1.
Introduction / Geert Van Hoorick
321
2.
Text of Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive / Geert Van Hoorick
322
3.
Compensatory vs. Mitigation Measures - the Briels Case / Geert Van Hoorick
323
4.
Compensatory Measures vs. Usual Nature Conservation Measures / Geert Van Hoorick
326
5.
Compensation Beforehand; Compensation vs. Nature Development Measures and Habitat Banking / Geert Van Hoorick
327
6.
Biological Integrity vs. Man-Made Nature - the Acheloos River Case / Geert Van Hoorick
328
7.
Conclusions / Geert Van Hoorick
330
Part VI. Land Use / Geert Van Hoorick
ch. 15
Land Use Regulation in the UK and the Role of the Court / Geert Van Hoorick
335
1.
Introduction / Elizabeth Dunn
335
2.
Overview of Planning in England and Wales / Elizabeth Dunn
336
3.
Principles of High Court Challenges / Elizabeth Dunn
338
3.1.
How Do High Court Challenges Work? / Elizabeth Dunn
340
3.2.
Permission / Elizabeth Dunn
341
3.3.
Remedies / Elizabeth Dunn
341
3.4.
Separation of Powers in England and Wales and the Rule of Law / Elizabeth Dunn
342
4.
European Convention on Human Rights and High Court Challenges / Elizabeth Dunn
343
4.1.
Alconbury and the Right to a Fair and Public Hearing / Elizabeth Dunn
343
4.2.
Role of Democratic Accountability / Elizabeth Dunn
344
4.3.
Scope of Judicial Review - What is 'Full Jurisdiction'? / Elizabeth Dunn
346
4.4.
Access to a Fair and Public Hearing Post-Alconbury / Elizabeth Dunn
348
4.4.1.
Separation of Powers / Elizabeth Dunn
348
4.4.2.
Planning Act 2008 Challenges / Elizabeth Dunn
349
5.
Developments in Judicial Review and European Influence / Elizabeth Dunn
349
5.1.
Standing / Elizabeth Dunn
350
5.2.
European Mandatory Requirements / Elizabeth Dunn
351
5.3.
Aarhus Convention / Elizabeth Dunn
353
5.3.1.
Time Limits for Judicial Review / Elizabeth Dunn
353
5.3.2.
Costs / Elizabeth Dunn
354
5.4.
Social Influences / Elizabeth Dunn
356
6.
Reform of the Judicial Review Process and the New Planning Court / Elizabeth Dunn
357
6.1.
Origins / Elizabeth Dunn
357
6.2.
Reforms / Elizabeth Dunn
359
6.2.1.
Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (CJCA) / Elizabeth Dunn
359
6.2.1.1.
Making a Challenge / Elizabeth Dunn
359
6.2.1.2.
Financing a Challenge / Elizabeth Dunn
359
6.2.1.3.
Determining a Challenge / Elizabeth Dunn
360
6.2.2.
Introduction of the Planning Court / Elizabeth Dunn
361
6.2.2.1.
'Significant Cases' and Target Timescales / Elizabeth Dunn
362
6.2.2.2.
New Case Management Powers / Elizabeth Dunn
363
7.
Conclusion / Elizabeth Dunn
364
ch. 16
Public Participation in Land Management Law-Making Process in the Basque Country: Effects on Soil and Other Natural Resources / Elizabeth Dunn
367
1.
Introduction / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
367
2.
Clarification of the Meaning of Land Management / Maria Del Carmen Bolaño, Iñaki Lasagabaster
369
3.
Land Management in the Basque Country / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
371
3.1.
Guidelines for Land Management / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
372
3.1.1.
Specific Analysis of the Land Use Matrix / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
373
3.2.
Land District Plans / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
376
3.3.
Land Sector Plans / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
377
4.
Practical Analysis of the Land Management Set in the Basque Legal Instruments / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
377
4.1.
Energy Policy and Wind Farms / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
377
4.2.
Policy on Large Projects and the Trade Act / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
379
4.3.
Construction of Golf Courses / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
380
4.4.
Privatisation of Urban Planning as a Public Service / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
381
5.
Urban and Territory Plans: Participation and Information / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
382
6.
Conclusion / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
382
Conclusion: Reconciling Conflicting Values: A Call For Research on Instruments to Achieve Quasi-Sustainability / Iñaki Lasagabaster Maria Del Carmen Bolaño
385