The Pacific insular case of American Sãmoa : land rights and law in unincorporated US territories / Line-Noue Memea Kruse.
2018
HD1251 .K78 2018 (Map It)
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Author
Title
The Pacific insular case of American Sãmoa : land rights and law in unincorporated US territories / Line-Noue Memea Kruse.
Published
[Place of publication not identified] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
Copyright
©2018
Call Number
HD1251 .K78 2018
ISBN
9783319699707
3319699709
9783319699714
3319699709
9783319699714
Description
XVII, 211 pages
System Control No.
(OCoLC)1026503378
Summary
This book is a researched study of land issues in American Sāmoa that analyzes the impact of U.S. colonialism and empire building in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Carefully tracing changes in land laws up to the present, this volume also draws on a careful examination of legal traditions, administrative decisions, court cases and rising tensions between indigenous customary land tenure practices in American Sāmoa and Western notions of individual private ownership. It also highlights how unusual the status of American Sāmoa is in its relationship with the U.S., namely as the only "unincorporated" and "unorganized" overseas territory, and aims to expand the U.S. empire-building scholarship to include and recognize American Sāmoa into the vernacular of Americanization projects-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Powell Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Powell Fund
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction
1
Reference
3
2.
Samoa and Traditional Land Tenure
5
Fa'asamoa and Communal Land Tenure
7
Nu'u (Village)
8
Matai (Chief)
9
American Samoan Fono (Legislature)
10
Europeans in Samoa Islands
16
Samoa Wars and Alliances
18
References
21
3.
American International Expansion
23
Early US Interest in Samoa
26
Samoa Islands Politicking
29
Condominium, No Samoan Representation
30
1900 and 1904 Deeds of Cession
32
Non-traditional Territory
35
Unincorporated Status Comparisons to Other US Territories
36
Alienation of Lands
36
References
45
4.
US Naval Administration of American Samoa
49
Naval Administration Authority
49
Law of Convenience and Individual Land Ownership
50
Individually Owned Lands
51
Adverse Possession
54
Land Tenure
59
Land Categorization
59
References
62
5.
Ex Proprio Vigore and the Insular Cases
65
Ex Proprio Vigore and the Insular Cases
66
Organized, Unorganized, Unincorporated, Citizenship
76
US Citizenship and American Samoa
79
American Samoans = US Nationals
80
Fourteenth Amendment and Fundamental Rights
84
Due Process and Equal Protections
86
US Department of the Interior
88
American Samoa Today
89
Society
89
Population Demographics
91
US Possessions, Not Territories
93
Imprecise Territorial Framework
93
Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam: Unincorporated Classification of US Territories
94
Philippines
95
Puerto Rico and Guam
96
References
101
6.
American Samoan Legal History: 1900-1941
105
Customary Law and English Common Law Converge Over Communal Lands
108
Adverse Land Possession: Ten Tears of Continuous Cultivation and Possession
110
Incorporating Civility and Stabilization to Land Titles, Naval High Court
112
Moneyed Economy, Cultivation, Taxes
115
Dividing Customary Lands: Less Land for Communal Use and Access
124
Land and Changing Society
128
References
132
7.
Individually Owned Lands and Communal Land Tenure
135
Decisions and Vernacular Language Usage in High Court, Tracing Individual Ownership
136
Ancient Statute of Merton
137
Case Law's Evolution from Adverse Land Rights to Individually Owned Land Tenure
139
Oral Tradition Termed "Hearsay" and Oral History Limited to 40 Years
140
1901--1930
142
1930--1940
146
1940--1960
148
Attributes of Individually Owned Lands
151
1960--1980
152
Growth of Individually Owned Lands
155
References
157
8.
Retention of Communal Lands
159
Protection Mechanisms and Failures for Communal Land Tenure
159
Law in a Christian Context
162
Keeping Land in Samoan Hands
163
American Samoa "Native" Definition
165
Efforts to Retain Customary Land and Matai System
167
Unanswered Questions
169
References
171
9.
Legal and Political Futures for American Samoa
173
Other Political Frameworks in the Pacific Region
177
Independence: Independent State of Samoa
177
Compact of Free Association: Republic of Palau
180
Commonwealth Covenant: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)
184
Plausible Alternative Political and Legal Status
188
References
190
10.
Conclusion
193
References
197
Glossary of Samoan Words
199
Index
201