Patents and the Federal Circuit / Robert L. Harmon (1938-2010), Cynthia A. Homan and Laura A. Lydigsen.
2017
KF3114 .H347 2017 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Author
Title
Patents and the Federal Circuit / Robert L. Harmon (1938-2010), Cynthia A. Homan and Laura A. Lydigsen.
Published
Arlington, VA : Bloomberg BNA, [2017]
Copyright
©2017
Call Number
KF3114 .H347 2017
Edition
Thirteenth edition.
ISBN
9781682672730
1682672735
1682672735
Description
xxxvi, 1,990 pages ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)999401058
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Added Corporate Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
Preface
vii
Preface to the First Edition
ix
About the Authors
xiii
Glossary of Abbreviations
xxxv
I Patentability
1.1.
Patent Grant
4
a.
Property Right of Exclusion
4
b.
Claims and the Concept of Domination
8
1.2.
Constitutional Source and Purpose
11
1.3.
Statutory Framework
14
a.
Combinations of Old Elements
14
b.
Value of the Invention
15
c.
Public Domain
16
d.
First to Invent Versus First to File
17
e.
Equivalents and Claim Scope
18
1.4.
Associated Legal Concepts
20
a.
Copyright
20
b.
Antitrust
22
c.
Federal Preemption of State Action
24
d.
Foreign Patents and Patent Law
32
i.
Comity
33
1.5.
Presumption of Validity
34
a.
General
34
b.
Specific Applications
40
i.
Holdings of Validity
40
ii.
Prior Adjudications
41
iii.
Particular Issues
41
iv.
Particular Proceedings
46
2.
Utility and Eligibility
49
2.1.
Introduction
50
2.2.
Patentable Subject Matter
51
a.
Products
52
i.
General
52
1.
Printed Matter
53
2.
Product-by-Process
54
ii.
Naturally Occurring Products
55
iii.
Living Organisms
58
b.
Processes
59
i.
General
59
ii.
Algorithms and Software
65
iii.
Historical Context of Bilski
65
1.
Computer Programs and Programmed Machines
68
2.
Electronic Signals
72
iv.
Business Methods; The Machine-or- Transformation Test
72
v.
Machine Functions
77
vi.
New Uses
78
c.
Design Patents
79
i.
Ornamentality Versus Functionality
79
ii.
Infringement
82
1.
Gorham Ordinary Observer Test
88
2.
Rise and Fall of the Point of Novelty Test
90
iii.
Novelty and Loss of Right
93
iv.
Obviousness
95
v.
Other Issues
99
d.
Plant Patents
101
e.
Semiconductor Chip Protection
103
f.
Statutory Invention Registration
105
g.
Statutory Exclusions
105
2.3.
Utility
106
a.
General
106
b.
Operability
110
c.
Chemical Compounds and. Human Utility
113
3.
Novelty and Loss of Right
117
3.1.
Introduction
118
3.2.
Anticipation
119
a.
General Test
121
b.
Inherency
128
c.
Enablement
134
d.
Combining References
138
i.
Incorporation by Reference
140
e.
Relation to 35 U.S.C. [§]103
141
f.
Prima Facie Anticipation
143
g.
Review of Anticipation Findings
144
3.3.
Originality-Derivation
147
3.4.
Prior Art
150
a.
Patenting; 35 U.S.C. [§]102(e)
151
b.
Publication
153
c.
Use or Sale
159
i.
Prior Art and the Critical Date
160
ii.
Public Use in General
161
iii.
Secret Use
163
iv.
On Sale
165
1.
Ready for Patenting-the Pfaff Rule
174
2.
Nonenabling Sales
179
v.
Experimental Use or Sale
179
d.
Prior Invention or Knowledge
189
i.
Prior Knowledge
189
ii.
Prior Invention
190
iii.
Corroboration of Prior Invention or Use
197
e.
Admissions as Prior Art
200
3.5.
Statutory Bars
202
4.
Non-Obviousness
207
4.1.
Introduction
208
4.2.
Standard of Review
210
4.3.
Factual Non-Obviousness Inquiry
213
a.
Ascertain the Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art at the Relevant Time
215
i.
Who Would Have Been the Person of Ordinary Skill?
217
ii.
What Would Have Constituted Ordinary Skill?
219
iii.
What Knowledge Would Have Been Possessed by the Person of Ordinary Skill?
222
b.
Determine the Scope and Content of the Prior Art
226
i.
Analogous Art
228
ii.
Teaching and Teaching Away
231
iii.
Teaching, Suggestion, and Motivation to Combine
236
c.
Define the Differences Between the Prior Art and the Claimed Invention
238
i.
Gist of the Invention
242
ii.
Claimed Invention
243
d.
Consider the Objective Evidence of Non-Obviousness
245
i.
Required Nexus
247
ii.
Commercial Success
250
iii.
Industry Praise
254
iv.
Copying
254
v.
Prior Failure
256
vi.
Licenses
257
vii.
Long-Standing Problem or Need
258
viii.
Unexpected Results
260
ix.
Skepticism
263
x.
Independent Development
264
xi.
Prior Litigation
264
xii.
Appropriate Weight to Give the Objective Indicia
265
4.4.
Resolution of the Legal Question of Non-Obviousness
266
a.
Combining References
266
i.
KSR v. Teleflex
268
ii.
Federal Circuit's Treatment of Motivation to Combine Post-KSR
270
iii.
Earlier (Pre-KSR) Federal Circuit Cases on Motivation to Combine
273
b.
Combination Patents in General
281
c.
Obvious to Try; Reasonable Expectation of Success
282
d.
Prima Facie Obviousness
287
e.
Miscellaneous Statements on Non-Obviousness
295
4.5.
Historical Statements on Non-Obviousness
298
5.
Specification and. Claims
303
5.1.
Introduction
304
5.2.
Enablement
307
a.
Standard of Review
307
b.
Claimed Invention
308
i.
Scope of Enablement
309
c.
Person of Ordinary Skill
313
d.
No Undue Experimentation
314
e.
Timing of the Enablement Inquiry
319
f.
Enablement in the PTO
319
g.
Living Organisms
323
5.3.
Best Mode
324
a.
Standard of Review
325
b.
Claimed Invention
326
c.
Disclosure of Preferred Embodiment
328
d.
Concealment
333
5.4.
Written Description Requirement
334
a.
Standard of Review
337
b.
Analysis of a Written Description
338
i.
Written Description as a Priority Determinant
344
ii.
Written Description as a Limit on Permissible Claim Scope
348
1.
Genus Claims
350
2.
Predictable Versus Unpredictable Arts
352
3.
Gentry Gallery Doctrine
353
iii.
New Matter and Late Claiming
356
c.
Historical Development of the Written Description Requirement
360
i.
Function of the Description Requirement: The Enzo Case
360
ii.
Description Requirement Revisited: The Ariad Case
361
5.5.
Definiteness
362
a.
Standard of Review
364
b.
Definiteness Standard
365
c.
Prosecution Versus Litigation: Patentability and Validity
371
d.
Specific Indefiniteness Issues
373
i.
Words of Degree
377
ii.
Functional Language: 35 U.S.C. [§]112[¶]6
380
iii.
Antecedent Basis
382
iv.
Statutory Classes
382
v.
Section 112[¶]4
383
5.6.
Relationship Among Patentability Requirements
383
II Claim Construction and Infringement
6.
Claim Construction
389
6.1.
Claim Construction as a Matter of Law
390
a.
Judge's Role
392
b.
Stage of the Proceedings
398
c.
Standard of Review
406
6.2.
Hierarchy of Evidentiary Sources
414
a.
Intrinsic Evidence
416
i.
Claim Language
416
1.
Claim Differentiation
419
2.
Role of the Preamble
424
3.
"Consisting," "Comprising," and "Consisting Essentially of"
430
4.
"A" or "An"
434
5.
Words of Degree
436
6.
Functional Language
438
7.
Means-Plus-Function Claims
439
A.
Relation to the Doctrine of Equivalents
439
B.
Construction of MPF Limitations
443
C.
Role of Prior Art
452
D.
Identification of MPF Limitations
453
E.
Method Claims
457
ii.
Specification
458
1.
Inventor Lexicography
467
2.
Specification Disavowal or Disclaimer of Claim Scope
471
3.
Prohibition on Importing Limitation from the Specification
475
4.
Title, Abstract, and Drawing
478
iii.
Prosecution History
479
1.
Prosecution History Disclaimer
481
b.
Extrinsic Evidence
495
i.
Inventor Testimony
500
ii.
Expert Testimony
501
iii.
Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Treatises; Prior Art
504
c.
Framework Through Which the Evidence Is Viewed: A Person of Ordinary Skill at the Time of the Invention
510
i.
Ordinary Meaning-The Discredited Texas Digital Protocol
512
ii.
Ordinary Meaning-The Phillips Protocol
515
d.
Canons of Construction
523
i.
Consistency
523
ii.
Reference to the Accused Device
527
iii.
Differences by Claim Type
529
iv.
Giving Meaning to Each Claim Limitation
531
v.
Preservation of Validity
533
vi.
Litigation Versus Prosecution
538
vii.
Indefiniteness, Utility, and Inventorship
541
7.
Literal Infringement
543
7.1.
Direct Infringement
544
a.
General
545
i.
Fundamental Concepts
545
1.
Reverse Equivalents
553
2.
Section 112 Equivalents
555
3.
Validity Versus Infringement
556
ii.
Literal Infringement
557
iii.
Prohibited Acts
565
1.
Making, Use, Offer, and Sale
566
A.
Process Patents
569
B.
FDA Approval
572
I.
History
572
II.
Patent Term Extension; 35 U.S.C. [§]156
573
III.
Safe Harbor; 35 U.S.C. [§]271(e)(1)
575
IV.
"Artificial Act of Infringement"; 35 U.S.C. [§]271(e)(2)
578
V.
Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act
585
2.
Within the United States
587
3.
During the Term of the Patent
593
b.
Repair Versus Reconstruction
595
7.2.
Inducement and Contributory Infringement
603
a.
Direct Infringement Requirement
604
i.
Divided or Joint Infringement
607
b.
Contributory Infringement
610
c.
Active Inducement
614
8.
Infringement by Equivalents
625
8.1.
Doctrine of Equivalents
626
a.
Equivalents in General
627
b.
Purpose of the Doctrine
628
c.
Application of the Doctrine
632
i.
Pennwalt and Warner-Jenkinson Decisions; The All-Limitations or All-Elements Rule
632
ii.
Pioneer Status
637
iii.
Gist of Claimed Invention
639
iv.
Substantial Equivalence Inquiry
639
1.
Function-Way-Result
642
2.
Interchangeability
644
3.
Intent
645
4.
Numeric Ranges
646
5.
Vitiation
647
d.
Relationship to Section 112 Equivalence
651
8.2.
Limitations on the Doctrine
660
a.
Prosecution History Estoppel
661
i.
Amendments Versus Remarks
665
1.
Section 112 and New Matter
670
ii.
Reason for Amendment-The Festo Decision
671
1.
Narrowing Amendments
672
2.
Amendments Related to Patentability- The Warner-Jenkinson Presumption
674
3.
Scope of Estoppel-The Festo Presumption and Its Rebuttal
679
I.
Unforeseeablity
686
II.
Tangentiallity
689
III.
"Some Other Reason"
690
iii.
Voluntary Amendments-The Festo Decision
690
b.
Ensnaring the Prior Art and the Hypothetical Claim Analysis
691
c.
Technological Advances
696
d.
Doctrine of Miller v. Bridgeport Brass: The Disclosure-Dedication Rule
699
e.
Specification Disclaimer; The All Advantages Rule
703
f.
Specific Exclusion Principle
705
8.3.
Procedural Considerations Related to the Doctrine of Equivalents
705
a.
Standard of Review and Burdens of Proof
705
b.
Jury Trial Considerations
707
c.
Summary Judgment Considerations
709
d.
Timing and Other Procedural Issues
710
III Ownership and Enforcement
9.
Ownership of Patent Rights
713
9.1.
Ownership by Grant
714
a.
Inventorship
714
i.
In General
714
ii.
Joint Inventorship
715
iii.
Correction of Inventorship
720
iv.
Presumption of Correct Inventorship; Burden of Proof
726
b.
Employee/Employer Relationships: Shoprights
728
c.
Government Ownership
731
9.2.
Ownership by Acquisition
733
a.
Assignments
733
b.
Assignments Versus Licenses: Standing to Sue
737
c.
Licenses
742
i.
Implied Licenses and Patent Exhaustion (the First Sale Doctrine)
748
d.
Contract Law in General
762
i.
Interpretation
763
ii.
Implied Contracts
765
iii.
Rescission, Reformation, Fraud, and Duress
765
iv.
Offer and Acceptance: Agreement to Agree
768
v.
Authority
768
vi.
Sales and the UCC
769
vii.
Contract Damages
770
9.3.
Estoppel Related to Ownership
771
a.
Licensee and Assignor Estoppel
771
b.
Legal and Equitable Estoppel
777
10.
Infringement Litigation-Jurisdiction and Pleading
783
10.1.
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
784
a.
Claims for Infringement
784
i.
General Principles
785
ii.
Arising Under the Patent Laws
790
iii.
Diversity and Amount in Controversy
800
iv.
Pendent and Supplemental Jurisdiction
801
v.
Sovereign Immunity
805
vi.
Effect of Appeal or Other Action
805
vii.
Bankruptcy
807
b.
Claims for Declaratory Judgment
808
i.
Jurisdictional Requirements
808
ii.
Standing of Licensees; Medlmmune v. Genentech
825
iii.
Future Products and Threatened Infringement
827
iv.
Priority of Litigation
829
v.
Other Relief
831
c.
Standing to Litigate
832
i.
Standing to Sue for Infringement
838
ii.
Mootness and Ripeness
849
d.
Removal of Actions
851
10.2.
Venue
853
a.
Transfers and Multidistrict Litigation
855
b.
Forum Non Conveniens
859
10.3.
Personal Jurisdiction
860
a.
Declaratory Judgment Defendants
870
10.4.
Pleading and Joinder
876
a.
Rule 12 Motions
876
b.
Affirmative Defenses and Compulsory Counterclaims
881
c.
Amendments to Pleadings
886
d.
Joinder of Parties and Claims
889
11.
Infringement Litigation-Pretrial Procedure
897
11.1.
Discovery
898
a.
Discovery in General
899
i.
Local Patent Rules
903
b.
Subpoenas
905
c.
Protective Orders
905
d.
Sanctions
910
11.2.
Pretrial Practice
917
a.
Pretrial Conferences and Orders
917
b.
Pretrial Motions
919
c.
Separation and Severance
920
d.
Stays and Dismissals
921
11.3.
Summary Judgment
923
a.
General Principles.
924
i.
Countering the Motion
926
ii.
Rule 56(f) Considerations
930
iii.
Purpose and Cautions
932
b.
Specific Substantive Issues
935
i.
Claim Interpretation
935
ii.
Infringement
936
iii.
Invalidity
938
iv.
Other Issues
941
c.
Form and Review of Summary Judgment
943
11.4.
Attorneys and Their Conduct
948
a.
Rule 11 Violations and Other Attorney Misconduct
949
i.
Rule 11 Violations
949
ii.
Other Misconduct
955
b.
Attorney Disqualification
962
c.
Miscellaneous
966
11.5.
Judges, Magistrates, and Masters
967
a.
Recusal
969
b.
Reassignment on Remand
971
12.
Infringement Litigation-Defenses
973
12.1.
Statutory and Equitable Defenses
974
12.2.
Section 282 Notice
975
12.3.
Laches and Estoppel
977
a.
Diligence
993
b.
Prosecution Laches
994
c.
Patent "Hold-Ups" and Standards-Setting Organizations
995
12.4.
Limitations, Marking, and Notice
997
a.
Limitations
997
b.
Marking and Notice
999
i.
Marking and Notice Requirements for Issued Patents
999
ii.
Provisional Rights for Pending Applications: Actual Notice
1005
c.
False Marking
1006
d.
Marking Estoppel
1011
12.5.
Inequitable Conduct and Fraudulent Procurement
1011
a.
Introduction
1011
b.
Relation to Common Law Fraud
1019
c.
Summary Judgment and Right to Jury Trial
1021
d.
Burden of Proof
1023
e.
Balancing Test
1025
f.
Materiality
1026
g.
Knowledge
1035
i.
Knowledge on the Part of the Applicant
1035
ii.
Knowledge on the Part of the Examiner
1038
h.
Intent
1040
i.
Appellate Review
1053
j.
Effect of Fraud or Inequitable Conduct
1055
13.
Infringement Litigation-Trial and Judgment
1059
13.1.
Trial Conduct
1060
13.2.
Jury Practice
1062
a.
Right to Jury Trial
1062
b.
Legal Questions
1067
c.
Jury Instructions
1069
d.
Patent Issues
1073
e.
Form of Verdict
1078
f.
Posttrial Practice in Jury Cases
1083
g.
Appellate Review
1092
13.3.
Evidence and Witnesses
1102
a.
Witnesses in General
1104
b.
Patent Examiners and Other Officials
1106
c.
Expert Witnesses
1108
i.
Independent Technical Advisors
1115
ii.
Patent Attorneys
1116
d.
Admissions and Hearsay
1117
e.
Burdens and Presumptions
1121
f.
Offers of Compromise
1123
g.
Privilege and Work Product
1124
i.
Waiver of Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product Immunity
1128
ii.
Patent Agent Privilege
1133
h.
Miscellaneous Matters
1134
i.
Judicial or Official Notice
1136
13.4.
Findings of Fact
1137
13.5.
Judgments
1139
a.
Posttrial Practice
1140
b.
Rule 41(b) Motions
1147
c.
Consent Decrees and Settlements
1148
d.
Offer of Judgment
1159
14.
Other Litigation
1161
14.1.
Venues
1162
a.
Court of Federal Claims
1162
i.
General Powers
1162
ii.
Sovereign Immunity
1164
iii.
Section 1498 Actions
1165
b.
International Trade Commission
1170
i.
Procedures
1173
ii.
Domestic Industry Requirement
1175
iii.
Remedies
1177
iv.
Federal Circuit Review
1180
c.
Alternative Dispute Relolution
1188
14.2.
Related Issues
1192
a.
Patent Antitrust
1192
i.
Standing and Immunity
1194
ii.
Monopolization
1196
iii.
Per Se Illegality
1200
iv.
Fraudulent Procurement and Sham Litigation
1203
v.
Patent Misuse
1207
vi.
Package Licensing
1212
b.
Trade Secrets and Unfair Competition
1214
i.
Federal/State and Federal/Federal Tensions
1216
ii.
Trade Secret Fundamentals
1218
iii.
Trade Dress Fundamentals
1222
c.
Copyright and Semiconductor Chip Protection
1225
d.
Other Torts
1225
i.
RICO Litigation
1225
ii.
Tortious Interference
1226
iii.
Abuse of Process
1227
iv.
Assertions of Infringement
1228
v.
Miscellaneous Torts
1230
14.3.
Miscellaneous Litigation
1231
a.
District Court Review of the PTO
1231
i.
Ex Parte Proceedings
1231
ii.
Interference Proceedings
1233
b.
Interfering Patents
1236
IV Remedies
15.
Damages, Interest, and Costs
1241
15.1.
Compensatory Damages
1242
a.
General
1242
b.
Actual Damages: Lost Profits
1249
i.
"But For" Test
1251
ii.
Demand
1256
iii.
Acceptable Noninfringing Substitutes
1256
iv.
Ability to Meet Demand
1260
v.
Calculation of Lost Profits
1261
c.
Reasonable Royalty
1267
i.
Hypothetical Negotiation
1269
ii.
Infringer's Anticipated Profit
1277
iii.
Established Royalty
1279
iv.
Licensing Offers
1283
d.
Calculation
1284
i.
Entire Market Rule
1288
e.
Damages Assessed. Against the U.S. Government
1292
f.
Bar on Double Recovery
1292
g.
Timing of Damages Trial
1294
15.2.
Interest
1294
16.
Injunctive Relief
1301
16.1.
Injunctions in General
1302
a.
Permanent Injunctions Against Infringement
1302
b.
Standard of Review
1304
c.
Four-Factor Test
1306
i.
Irreparable Harm
1307
ii.
Inadequate Remedies at Law
1310
iii.
Balance of Hardships
1311
iv.
Public Interest
1312
d.
Framing Injunctive Relief
1312
e.
Injunctions Against Other Activity
1320
f.
Binding Effect of Injunctions on Nonparties
1322
g.
Government Involvement
1325
h.
Staying or Vacating Injunctions
1326
16.2.
Preliminary Injunctions and TROs
1328
a.
General
1328
b.
Standard of Review
1332
c.
Four-Factor Test
1332
i.
Likelihood of Success on the Merits
1332
ii.
Irreparable Harm
1337
1.
Presumption of Irreparable Harm
1341
iii.
Balance of Hardships
1344
iv.
Public Interest
1344
d.
Activity Other Than Patent Infringement
1345
e.
Findings and Conclusions
1347
f.
Procedural Requirements
1350
16.3.
Contempt Proceedings
1350
17.
Increased Damages and Attorney Fees
1359
17.1.
General
1360
17.2.
Attorney Fees
1361
a.
Determination of Entitlement
1362
b.
Determination of Amount and Covered Activity
1367
c.
Exceptional Circumstances-Octane Fitness and Highmark
1372
d.
Exceptional Circumstances-Pre-Octane Fitness and Highmark
1375
17.3.
Willful Infringement
1378
a.
Legal Standard Post-Halo Electronics
1378
b.
Legal Standard Pre-Halo Electronics
1382
c.
Opinions of Counsel
1392
d.
Notice of the Patent
1397
e.
Procedural Issues-Juries, Judges, and Pleadings
1399
17.4.
Discretionary Award of Fees or Enhanced Damages
1401
17.5.
Other Exceptional Conduct
1404
a.
Inequitable Conduct
1405
b.
Invalidity
1406
c.
Noninfringement
1408
d.
Frivolous Defenses
1409
e.
Conduct of Litigation
1410
f.
Attorney Conduct
1412
g.
Appellate Activity
1412
17.6.
Standard of Proof and Review
1414
17.7.
Costs
1419
V The Patent Office
18.
Patent Prosecution
1427
18.1.
Ex Parte Prosecution
1428
a.
PTO Regulations
1429
b.
Application and Prosecution Formalities; Correction
1430
c.
Maintenance Fees and Small Entity Status
1435
d.
Examination and Amendment
1436
e.
Continuing and Divisional Applications
1437
f.
Double Patenting and Disclaimer
1438
i.
Double Patenting in General
1438
ii.
Design/Utility Double Patenting
1446
iii.
Restriction and Disclaimer
1447
g.
Priority and Filing Dates
1453
h.
Burdens and Presumptions
1458
i.
Evidence
1460
j.
Appeals to the Board
1461
k.
Review of Board Decisions
1466
18.2.
Interference Proceedings
1471
a.
Priority in General
1474
b.
Right to Make the Counts
1482
c.
Conception and Reduction to Practice
1483
i.
Conception
1484
ii.
Nunc Pro Tunc Conception
1487
iii.
Simultaneous Conception and Reduction to Practice
1489
iv.
Corroboration of Conception
1490
v.
Reduction to Practice
1492
vi.
Corroboration of Reduction to Practice
1496
d.
Abandonment, Suppression, and Concealment; Diligence
1498
i.
Diligence
1500
e.
Miscellaneous Interference Issues
1502
i.
Evidence
1502
ii.
Interpretation of Counts
1503
iii.
Other Issues: Inurement, Inventorship
1504
iv.
Review
1505
v.
Estoppel
1507
vi.
Settlement
1510
18.3.
Reissue
1510
a.
Error
1512
b.
Same Invention
1515
c.
Broadened Claims
1517
d.
Recapture
1519
e.
Presumption of Validity
1523
f.
Intervening Rights
1524
g.
Review
1527
18.4.
Reexamination
1528
a.
Who May Request Reexamination: Inter Partes Versus Ex Parte Procedures
1529
b.
Substantial New Questions of Patentability
1531
c.
No Broadened Claims Permitted
1534
d.
Presumption of Validity
1536
e.
Effect on Concurrent or Subsequent Proceedings
1536
f.
Intervening Rights
1539
g.
Review
1541
h.
Effect of PTO Cancellation of Claims on Pending Infringement Litigation
1543
18.5.
Appeals from Inter Partes Review Under the AIA
1546
a.
Inter Partes Review
1548
i.
Board Jurisdiction Over IPR Proceedings
1548
ii.
Claim Construction Standard
1549
iii.
Board Patentability Determinations
1550
iv.
Procedural Aspects of Board Review
1551
b.
Covered Business Method Patent Review
1553
18.6.
Attorney Conduct Before the PTO
1556
VI The Federal Circuit
19.
Federal Circuit Jurisdiction and Appealability
1563
19.1.
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
1565
a.
General Principles of Appellate Jurisdiction
1565
b.
Patent Infringement Cases in District Courts
1569
i.
Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule
1573
ii.
State Versus Federal Considerations
1578
iii.
Miscellaneous Patent Questions
1582
c.
Patent Compensation in the Court of Federal Claims
1586
d.
Patent Determinations of the ITC
1586
i.
Court of International Trade
1588
e.
Patent Determinations of the PTO and PTO Board
1588
f.
Transfers and the Regional Courts of Appeals
1592
19.2.
Appealability
1593
a.
Final Decisions
1593
i.
Effect of Decision
1594
ii.
Finality of Decision
1596
b.
Appealable Interlocutory Decisions
1605
i.
Judgments Final Except for Accounting
1605
ii.
Injunctive Orders
1607
c.
Certified Questions
1611
i.
Section 1292(b) Certification
1611
ii.
Rule 54(b) Certification
1612
d.
Collateral Orders
1615
e.
Extraordinary Writs
1619
19.3.
Scope of Review
1625
a.
General
1625
b.
Findings and Conclusions
1627
c.
Remands
1631
i.
Obviousness Cases
1634
ii.
Other Legal Issues
1635
iii.
Effect on Later Proceedings
1637
iv.
Tribunal or Proceeding
1642
v.
Mandate Rule
1644
d.
Waivers
1648
e.
Need for Cross-Appeal
1663
f.
Standing
1667
g.
Miscellaneous Matters
1670
h.
Mootness
1673
i.
Mootness and Noninfringement
1677
20.
Federal Circuit Practice
1683
20.1.
Standards of Review
1684
a.
Available Standards
1686
i.
Clear Error
1686
1.
Adoption of Findings
1688
2.
Credibility
1688
3.
Documentary Evidence
1690
ii.
Legal Correctness
1691
iii.
Abuse of Discretion
1692
b.
Tribunal or Proceeding
1693
i.
Particular Tribunals
1693
1.
Courts and the ITC
1693
2.
Masters
1695
3.
Administrative Agencies
1696
4.
PTO Tribunals
1696
ii.
Nature or Stage of Proceeding
1699
1.
Jury Trials
1699
2.
Case and Trial Management
1700
3.
Summary Judgment and Rule 12 Motions
1703
4.
Injunctions and Contempt
1705
5.
Amended Pleadings
1706
6.
Discovery
1707
7.
Relief from Judgment
1709
c.
Specific Issues
1710
i.
Validity Issues
1710
1.
Anticipation
1710
2.
Obviousness
1712
3.
Section 112 Issues
1714
4.
Other Validity Issues
1716
ii.
Claim Construction
1718
iii.
Infringement Issues
1719
iv.
Damages and Other Relief
1722
v.
Fraud and Inequitable Conduct
1727
vi.
Other Patent Issues
1728
vii.
Miscellaneous Issues
1731
20.2.
Practice Before the Court
1736
a.
Binding Precedent
1736
b.
Regional Circuit Law
1738
c.
Local Rules and IOPs
1756
d.
Notice of Appeal
1759
e.
Docketing and Housekeeping Matters
1763
f.
Record and Appendix
1763
g.
Briefs
1764
h.
Amicus Participation
1766
i.
Oral Argument
1766
j.
Decision
1766
k.
Rehearing
1767
l.
En Banc Consideration
1768
m.
Costs and Attorney Fees on Appeal
1769
n.
Motion Practice
1769
o.
Supersedeas Bonds Pending Appeal
1770
p.
Sanctions
1770
q.
Recusal
1777
21.
General Legal Principles
1779
21.1.
Administrative Law
1780
a.
Administrative Discretion
1780
b.
Due Process
1782
c.
Regulations
1783
d.
Review of Administrative Action
1785
e.
Evidentiary Rules
1789
f.
Preclusion
1790
g.
Litigation and Exhaustion of Remedies
1790
21.2.
Statutory Interpretation
1792
21.3.
Choice of Law
1799
21.4.
Constitutional Law
1803
a.
Equal Protection
1804
b.
Seventh Amendment
1804
c.
Sovereign Immunity
1804
i.
State Immunity from Patent Infringement Suits
1807
d.
Due Process
1811
e.
Full Faith and Credit
1815
f.
Patent and Copyright Legislation
1816
21.5.
Estoppel and Preclusion
1817
a.
Issue Preclusion (Collateral Estoppel)
1819
b.
Blonder-Tongue Doctrine
1830
i.
Consent Judgments
1839
c.
Claim Preclusion (Res Judicata)
1839
d.
Judicial Estoppel
1847
e.
Law of the Case
1847
f.
Stare Decisis
1853
g.
Comity
1856
21.6.
Supreme Court Orders
1857
Table of Cases
1859
Index
1969