Children and the law : doctrine, policy, and practice / by Douglas E. Abrams, Sarah H. Ramsey.
2010
KF479 .A935 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Children and the law : doctrine, policy, and practice / by Douglas E. Abrams, Sarah H. Ramsey.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West/Thomson, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KF479 .A935 2010
Edition
Fourth edition.
ISBN
9780314905765 (hbk.)
0314905766 (hbk.)
0314905766 (hbk.)
Description
xlvi, 1,192 pages ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)645646329
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages ix-xiii) and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
v
Acknowledgments
ix
Table of Cases
xxxiii
ch. 1
Status, Rights and Obligations of Children
1
1.
Childhood in America
1
A.
Contemporary Conditions and Needs
1
Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, Starting Points: Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest Children
1
Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, Great Transitions: Preparing Adolescents for a New Century
4
Notes
5
B.
Contemporary Juvenile and Family Court Systems
11
1.
Juvenile courts
11
2.
Unified Family Courts
12
3.
Problem-Solving Courts
13
2.
Law's Evolving Conception of Children's Status, Rights and Obligations
15
A.
Status of childhood: An Introduction
15
B.
Parens Patriae Doctrine, Parental Prerogatives, and the Child's Obligation to Obey
16
1.
Common Law Background
16
Very Special Place in Life: The History of Juvenile Justice in Missouri / Douglas E. Abrams
16
Notes
18
Problems 1-1
20
2.
American Conception
21
a.
Traditional Roles of Parents and the Government
21
Meyer v. Nebraska
21
Pierce v. Society of Sisters
24
Notes and Questions
26
b.
Movement Toward "Children's Rights"
27
Prince v. Masssachusetts
27
Notes and Questions
32
Problems 1-2
34
Note on Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and In reGault (1967)
35
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
36
Notes and Questions
43
Morse v. Frederick
48
Notes and Questions
59
Problem 1-3
60
Note About the Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure and Drug-Testing Decisions
60
Notes and Questions
62
Problem 1-4
64
Problem 1-5
65
Problem 1-6
65
c.
Reconciling Parents' and Children's Rights
65
Troxel v. Granville
66
Notes and Questions
76
Problem 1-7
78
C.
May children articulate Their Own Interests?
78
1.
General Question
79
Wisconsin v. Yoder
79
Notes and Questions
81
2.
Mature Minor Doctrine
82
Bellotti v. Baird
82
Notes and Questions
89
D.
Statutory Influence
92
Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F
93
Notes and Questions
97
E.
International - Law Basis for Children's Rights?
103
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
105
Notes and Questions
112
3.
Perpectives on Children's Rights
114
Children's Rights: A Framework for Analysis / Michael S. Wald
114
Children's Liberation and the New egalitarianism: Some Reservations about Abandoning Youth to Their "Rights" / Bruce C. Hafen
115
Children, Curfews and the Constitution / Katherine Hunt Federle
117
Hatching the Egg: A Child-Centered Perspective on Parents' Rights / Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
118
Modest Promise of Children's Relationship Rights / David D. Meyer
120
Parent-Child Speech and Child Custody Speech Restrictions / Eugene Volokh
122
What's Wrong With Children's Rights? / Martin Guggenheim
122
Notes and Questions
124
Problem 1-8
126
ch. 2
Defining the Child-Parent Relationship
128
1.
Establishing Paternity and Maternity
128
A.
Importance of Marriage
128
1.
Historical Background on Children Born to Unmarried Parents
129
I.
Commentaries on the Laws of England / William Blackstone
129
II.
Commentaries on American Law / James Kent
129
Note
131
2.
What's In A Name?: Surnames
131
3.
Unmarried Parents: The Contemporary Context
133
a.
"Illegitimacy"
133
b.
Constitutional and Statutory Reform
134
c.
Intestate Succession
136
d.
Citizenship
137
e.
Posthumous Parenthood
137
f.
Federal Response to Rising Nonmarital Birth Rates
138
Questions
140
B.
Who Is a "Father"?
140
Michael H. v. Gerald D
143
Notes and Questions
150
Problem 2-1
151
Problem 2-2
152
C.
Who Is a "Mother?"
152
In re C.K.G.
153
Notes and Questions
159
Problem 2-3
161
2.
Expanding the Concept of "Parent"
161
A.
Developing the Law
161
SooHoo v. Johnson
161
Notes and Questions
166
B.
Parenthood: A Non-Exclusive Status?
168
Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status: The Need for Legal Alternatives When the Premise of the Nuclear Family Has Failed / Katharine T. Bartlett
168
Notes and Questions
170
Note on the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis and Recommendations (2000)
171
Problem 2-4
172
Problem 2-5
173
Problem 2-6
174
Problem 2-7
174
Problem 2-8
174
C.
Evaluating Claims to Parenthood
175
Parents as Fiduciaries / Robert E. Scott
175
On the Duties and Rights of Parents / Carl E. Schneider
178
Re-Expressing Parenthood / Katharine T. Bartlett
179
"Modest Proposal": State Licensing of Parents / Howard B. Eisenberg
180
Notes and Questions
181
3.
Guardianship
182
A.
Contested Guardianship
182
Guardianship of Phillip B
182
Notes and Questions
190
B.
Guardian's Role
192
Reinventing Guardianship: Subsidized Guardianship, Foster Care, and Child Welfare / Meryl Schwartz
192
Notes and Questions
195
Problem 2-9
196
4.
Emancipation: `The Hastening of Adulthood'
196
In re Thomas C
196
Notes and Questions
200
Problem 2-10
202
Problem 2-11
202
Problem 2-12
202
ch. 3
Representing Children
204
1.
Introduction
204
Children's Voice and Justice: Lawyering for Children in the Twenty-First Century / Annette R. Appell
204
Who Speaks for the Child? / Inger J. Sagatun
206
Comprehensive Approach to the Representation of Children: The Child Advocacy Coordinating Council / Leonard P. Edwards
207
Notes
209
2.
Children's Abilities and Legal Disabilities
210
A.
Child Development Research
211
Judge's Ethical Dilemma: Assessing a Child's Capacity to Choose / Wallace J. Mlyniec
211
Developmental Incompetence, Due Process, and Juvenile Justice Policy / Thomas Grisso
217
Notes and Questions
220
B.
Interviewing Children
222
Interviewing, Counseling, and in Court Examination of Children: Practical Approaches / Larry L. Teply
222
Notes and Questions
225
C.
Children as Witnesses
227
1.
Competency to Testify
227
State v. G.C.
228
Notes and Questions
233
2.
Accuracy
234
D.
Child's Right to Sue
234
Kingsley v. Kingsley
234
Notes and Questions
237
3.
Role of the Child's Counsel
238
A.
Children's Ability to Advise Counsel
238
Paradigm for Determining the Role of Counsel for Children / Martin Guggenheim
239
Ethics of Empowerment: Rethinking the Role of Lawyers in Interviewing and Counseling the Child Client / Katherine Hunt Federle
240
Representation of the Child in Protection Proceedings: The Determination of Decision-Making Capacity / Sarah H. Ramsey
242
Roles and Content of Best Interests in Client-Directed Lawyering for Children in Child Protective Proceedings / Jean Koh Peters
244
Questions
246
B.
Traditional Role
246
Problem 3-1
248
C.
Counsel's Role in Abuse, Neglect and Adoption Cases
248
Kenny A. ex rel. Winn v. Perdue
248
Notes and Questions
253
In the Interest of A.W.
255
Notes and Questions
259
Problem 3-2
264
Note `on Guidelines for Attorneys for Children in Child Maltreatment Cases
264
Standards of Practice for Lawyers Who Represent Children in Abuse and Neglect Cases (1996) / American Bar Association
265
Problem 3-3
270
Note on the Child's Counsel in Adoption Proceedings
270
D.
Counsel's Role in Delinquency and Status Offense Cases
271
Inre Johnston
271
Notes and Questions
275
Problem 3-4
282
Note on Counsel for the Child in Status Offense Proceedings
282
ch. 4
Abuse and Neglect
284
1.
Introduction
284
2.
Discovering Abuse and Neglect: Reporting Statutes
289
Valmonte v. Bane
290
Notes and Questions
297
Problems 4-1
301
3.
Child Protection System: A Composite Case
301
Dep't of Health & Human Services, U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect: Critical First Steps in Response to a National Emergency
302
4.
Limits on Intervention
305
In re Knowack
306
In re Juvenile Appeal
307
Notes and Questions
313
Problem 4-2
314
5.
Patterns of Abuse and Neglect
315
A.
Neglect
315
In re S.T.
315
Notes and Questions
322
B.
Psychological Maltreatment
324
Problem 4-3
328
C.
Abuse
328
1.
Battered Child Syndrome
328
2.
Shaken Baby Syndrome
331
3.
Target Child
331
D.
Why Do Parents Maltreat Their Children?
332
Emerging Practices in the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect / David Thomas
333
Diagnosed Intellectual and Emotional Impairment Among Parents Who Seriously Mistreat Their Children: Prevalence, Type, and Outcome in a Court Sample / Carol Taylor
335
Notes and Questions
336
E.
Corporal Punishment
337
In the Interest of T.A.
337
Notes and Questions
340
Problem 4-4
343
Problem 4-5
344
Problem 4-6
344
F.
Sexual Abuse
345
1.
Failure to Protect
347
In re T.G.
347
Notes and Questions
350
Problem 4-7
351
2.
Proving the Case
351
In re Nicole V
351
Notes and Questions
355
G.
Newborns With Positive Toxicologies
356
In re Dante M
356
Notes and Questions
359
Problem 4-8
362
6.
Duty to Investigate
363
DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services
363
Notes and Questions
370
7.
Prosecutor's Role
372
Questions
373
8.
Reasonable Efforts Requirement
373
In re N.M.W.
373
Notes and Questions
377
Problem 4-9
379
9.
Termination of Parental Rights
380
A.
Due Process Protections for Parents
380
Santosky v. Kramer
380
Notes and Questions
391
Note on Lassiter v. Department of Social Services and the Right to Counsel
392
Note on M.L.B. v. S.L.J., and the Right to Appeal
394
B.
When Should Parental Rights Be Terminated?
394
In re Ashley A
394
Notes and Questions
398
In re Jeffrey R.L.
400
Notes and Questions
403
In re Adoption of B.O.
408
Questions
412
Problem 4-10
412
10.
Social Class, Ethnic, and Racial Bias
413
A.
Overview
413
Child Abuse and Neglect; Critical First Steps in Response to a National Emergency / U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect
413
B.
Poverty and Race
414
Children of Color in the Child Welfare System: Toward Explaining Their Disproportionate Involvement in Comparison to Their Numbers in the General Population, Executive Summary / Richard P. Barth
414
Shattered Bonds / Dorothy Roberts
417
Notes and Questions
419
C.
Indian Child Welfare Act
420
D.
Understanding Cultural Context
424
Making Differences Work: Cultural Context in abuse and neglect Practice for Judges and Attorneys / Karen Aileen Howze
424
Notes
425
11.
Finding a Cure
427
Progress Toward a Prevention Perspective / Jiffy Lansing
427
Epidemiological Perspectives on Maltreatment Prevention / Fred Wulczyn
431
Notes and Questions
433
ch. 5
Foster Care
435
1.
Challenges in Foster Care
436
Meeting the Challenges of Contemporary Foster Care / Tricia B. Bent-Goodley
439
Notes and Questions
442
2.
Court's Role in Permanency Planning
445
Child Protection Cases in a Unified Family Court / Mark Hardin
445
Notes
448
3.
Child's Right to a "Family"
449
Smith v. Organization of Foster Families for Equality and Reform
449
Notes and Questions
461
In re Ashley K
464
Procopio v. Johnson
470
Notes and Questions
473
Problem 5-1
474
4.
Child's Right to Services and Protection From Harm
475
Marisol A. v. Giuliani
475
Notes and Questions
486
Problem 5-2
493
5.
Types of Placements
493
A.
Foster Parents
493
1.
Kinship Care: Relatives as Foster Parents
493
Evolution of Kinship Care Policy and Practice / Rob Geen
493
Notes and Questions
496
Problem 5-3
498
2.
Racial and Ethnic Matching
498
3.
Religious Matching
499
B.
Institutional Care
500
1.
Placements and Poverty
500
"Let Them Starve": Government's Obligation to Children in Poverty / Daan Braveman
500
Notes and Questions
503
2.
Types of Facilities
505
C.
Guardianship
506
Reinventing Guardianship: Subsidized Guardianship, Foster Care, and Child Welfare / Meryl Schwartz
506
New Jersey Division of Youth and Family Services v. P.P.
509
Notes and Questions
512
Problem 5-4
514
D.
Independent Living
515
Extending Non-Exclusive Parenting and the Right to Protection for Older Foster Children: Creating Third Options in Permanency Planning / Susan Vivian Mangold
515
Notes
518
ch. 6
Criminal Abuse and Neglect
520
1.
Abuse, Neglect and Child Endangerment
520
Commonwealth v. Ogin
521
Notes and Questions
526
Problem 6-1
532
Problem 6-2
532
Problem 6-3
533
Problem 6-4
533
State v. Crawford
533
Note and Questions
538
Note on Parental-Responsibility Statutes
538
Problem 6-5
540
Note on the "Cultural Defense"
540
Problem 6-6
541
2.
Sexual Abuse
542
A.
Nature of the Problem
542
Castrating Pedophiles Convicted of Sex Offenses Against Children: New Treatment or Old Punishment? / William Winslade
542
Terminating the Parent-Child Relationship as a Response to Child Sexual Abuse / Donald C. Bross
544
B.
Basis for Criminal Intervention
545
Terminating the Parent---Child Relationship as a Response to Child Sexual Abuse / Donald C. Bross
545
C.
Legal Standards
547
Ferris v. Santa Clara County
547
Notes and Questions
548
Problem 6-7
554
D.
Proving the Case
555
1.
General Difficulties of Proof
555
Reliability of Expert Psychological Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions / Michael H. Graham
555
2.
Eliciting the Child Victim's Testimony
557
a.
Recent Efforts to Encourage Elicitation
557
Remaking Confrontation Clause and Hearsay Doctrine Under the Challenge of Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions / Robert P. Mosteller
557
Note
558
Maryland v. Craig
558
Notes and Questions
565
Problem 6-8
569
Problem 6-9
569
Problem 6-10
570
b.
Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause
570
State v. Blue
570
Notes and Questions
576
Problem 6-11
579
3.
Expert Testimony
579
Expert Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Litigation / John E.B. Myers
579
Note
587
E.
Prospective Restraints on the Offender
588
1.
Civil Commitment
589
Kansas v. Hendricks
589
Notes and Questions
597
2.
Registration and Community Notification
600
Notes and Questions
601
3.
Child Pornography
606
New York v. Ferber
606
Notes and Questions
612
ch. 7
Adoption
618
1.
Historical Background and the Contemporary Landscape
618
Emergence of a Modern American Family Law: Child Custody, Adoption, and the Courts, 1796-1851 / Jamil S. Zainaldin
619
2.
When May a Child Be Adopted?
620
Adoption of M.A.
621
Notes and Questions
625
Problem 7-1
632
Problem 7-2
633
Note on "Equitable Adoption"
634
3.
Adoption Process
635
A.
Agency Adoptions and Private Placements
635
Privatization of Family Law / Jana B. Singer
635
Notes and Questions
636
Note on the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
639
B.
Baby Selling
640
State v. Brown
641
Notes and Questions
643
Regulation of the Market in Adoptions / Richard A. Posner
645
Note
650
Family Bonds: Adoption, Infertility, and the New World of Child Production / Elizabeth Bartholet
650
4.
Consent Requirement
651
A.
Consent Requirement
651
1.
Requirement of Informed and Voluntary Consent
651
2.
Notice Requirement
653
3.
Revoking Consent
653
Problem 7-3
654
B.
Rights of Unwed Parents
654
1.
Constitutional Law
655
Stanley v. Illinois
655
Notes and Questions
660
Lehr v. Robertson
660
Notes and Questions
669
Note on Putative Father Registries
670
Note on Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989)
671
Problem 7-4
674
Problem 7-5
675
2.
Strains on the Constitutional Law
675
In re Petition of Doe
676
Notes and Questions
677
Problem 7-6
680
Problem 7-7
681
5.
Open Adoption
681
Adoption of Vito
682
Notes and Questions
686
6.
Cultural and Religious Identity
688
A.
Transracial Adoption
688
Notes and Questions
690
B.
Native American Adoption
691
C.
Religion
692
7.
International Adoption
693
8.
Post-Adoption Disputes
695
Gibbs v. Ernst
696
Notes and Questions
702
Problem 7-8
704
9.
Adoptees' Rights to "Learn Their Roots"
704
Notes and Questions
707
ch. 8
Medical Decision-Making
710
1.
Decision-Making Authority
710
In re E.G.
710
Notes and Questions
715
Problem 8-1
720
Problem 8-2
720
Problem 8-3
720
Problem 8-4
721
Problem 8-5
721
Parham v. J.R.
721
Notes and Questions
735
Note on Safe Questions
738
Problem 8-6
741
Problem 8-7
741
2.
Medical Neglect
741
A.
Determining Medical Neglect
741
In re D.K.
741
Notes and Questions
746
Newmark v. Williams/DCPS
747
Notes and Questions
755
Problem 8-8
763
Problem 8-9
763
Problem 8-10
764
Problem 8-11
764
3.
Withholding Medical Care
764
A.
Infants
764
Withholding Medical Treatment From Infants: When Is It Child Neglect? / Kathleen Knepper
765
Notes and Questions
766
B.
Older Children
770
Rosebush v. Oakland County Prosecutor
770
Notes and Questions
774
Problem 8-12
775
4.
Bone Marrow and Organ Donation
776
Curran v. Bosze
776
Notes and Questions
783
Problem 8-13
784
Problem 8-14
784
5.
Pediatric Research and Experimentation
785
In re Nikolas E.
785
Notes and Questions
789
6.
Who Pays for the Child's Medical Care?
792
ch. 9
Financial Responsibility and Control
796
1.
Child Support Obligation
796
A.
Historical Background
796
Child Support Harming Children: Subordinating the Best Interests of Children to the Fiscal Interests of the State / Daniel L. Hatcher
796
B.
Parental Obligation
799
1.
Importance of Biology
799
Stae ex rel. Hermesmann v. Seyer
799
Notes and Questions
803
Brad Michael L. v. Lee D
804
Questions
807
2.
Stepparents and Other "Parents"
810
Commonwealth ex rel. McNutt v. McNutt
810
Notes and Questions
811
Problem 9-1
813
C.
Government's Obligation
814
Williams ex rel. Ricard v. Humphreys
817
Notes and Questions
821
Note on Teenage Parents
823
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning Evaluation, Health & Human Services, Implementing Welfare Reform Requirements for Teenage Parents: Lessons From Experience in Four States (1997) / John Burghardt
823
Notes and Questions
825
Note on Homeless Children
826
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act---Education for Homeless Children and Youths Program: Turning Good Law into Effective Education / John Wong
827
Notes and Questions
831
Problem 9-2
832
D.
Child's Responsibilities
832
Qeler v. Oeler
832
Notes and Questions
835
Problem 9-3
836
Problem 9-4
837
E.
Amount
838
Federalization of Child Support Guidelines / Linda Henry Elrod
838
Questions
841
F.
Collection
842
Coming Revolution in Child Support Policy: Implications of the 1996 Welfare Act / Paul K. Legler
842
Notes
847
2.
Capacity to Contract
849
Mitchell v. Mizerski
849
Notes and Questions
852
Problem 9-5
859
Problem 9-6
860
Problem 9-7
860
3.
Child's Property
860
A.
Uniform Transfers to Minors Act
861
B.
Use of the Child's Assets
862
Sutliff v. Sutliff
862
Notes and Questions
866
Problem 9-8
868
Problem 9-9
868
Problem 9-10
868
4.
Torts and Family Relations
868
A.
Liability
869
Standard v. Shine
869
Notes and Questions
870
Problem 9-11
876
Problem 9-12
876
Problem 9-13
877
B.
Immunity
877
Zellmer v. Zellmer
877
C.
Transfer: The "Adultification" of Juvenile Crime
994
Juveniles Transferred to Criminal Court: Legal Reform Proposals Based on Social Science Research / Richard E. Redding
995
State v. Mitchell
997
Problem 11-1
1004
Problem 11-2
1005
Notes and Questions
1005
4.
Delinquency Procedure
1011
A.
Overview
1011
President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Adminsitrations of Justice, Task Force Report: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime
1011
B.
Arrest and Custody
1013
1.
Arrest
1013
Maine Revised Statutes, Title 15
1014
Notes and Questions
1015
2.
Search and Seizure
1016
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
1016
Notes and Questions
1020
Safford Unified School District v. Redding
1026
Notes and Questions
1034
Problem 11-3
1036
Problem 11-4
1036
Problem 11-5
1036
Problem 11-6
1037
3.
Interrogation and Confession
1037
Fare v. Michael C.
1038
Notes and Questions
1044
4.
Intake and Diversion
1050
Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report / Melissa Sickmund
1051
Notes and Questions
1051
5.
Preventive Detention
1054
Schall v. Martin
1054
Notes and Questions
1062
C.
Adjudicatory Hearing
1067
1.
Gault and the "Constitutional Domestication" of Delinquency
1067
In re Gault
1068
Notes and Questions
1083
2.
Competency to Participate in the Proceeding
1091
Matter of Welfare of D.D.N.
1092
Notes and Questions
1095
3.
Jury Trial
1096
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
1097
Notes and Questions
1102
4.
Speedy Trial
1105
In the Matter of Benjamin L
1106
Notes and Questions
1110
D.
Disposition
1111
1.
General Standards
1111
Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime: A. Comprehensive Strategy / James C. Howell
1112
Notes and Questions
1115
Note on Restorative Justice
1124
2.
Right to Treatment
1126
a.
Private Litigation
1126
Note
1127
b.
U.S. Justice Department Initiatives
1128
Reforming Juvenile Delinquency Treatment to Enhance Rehabilitation, Personal Accountability and Public Safety / Douglas E. Abrams
1129
Notes and Questions
1132
Note on the Juvenile Death Penalty, and Life Imprisonment Without Parole
1139
E.
Appeal
1141
Notes and Questions
1141
Problem 11-7
1142
Note on Federal Delinquency Jurisdiction
1143
5.
Juvenile Court's Future
1146
Abolish the Juvenile Court: Youthfulness, Criminal Responsibility, and Sentencing Policy / Barry C. Feld
1147
Leaving Bad Enough Alone: A Response to the Juvenile Court Abolitionists / Irene Merker Rosenberg
1152
Notes and Questions
1156
Problem 11-8
1157
Problem 11-9
1157
Index
1159