Environmental protection and transitions from conflict to peace / edited by Carsten Stahn, Jens Iverson and Jennifer S. Easterday.
2017
K3585 E61 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Environmental protection and transitions from conflict to peace / edited by Carsten Stahn, Jens Iverson and Jennifer S. Easterday.
Published
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2017.
Call Number
K3585 E61
Edition
First edition.
ISBN
9780198784630
0198784635
0198784635
Description
xlii, 461 pages ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)952182448
Summary
Environmental protection is fundamental for the establishment of sustainable peace. Applying traditional legal approaches to protection raises particular challenges during the transition from conflict to peace. In the jus post bellum context, protection of the environment and natural resources needs to be considered in tandem with a broad range of simultaneously applicable normative frameworks, such as human rights, transitional justice, arms control/disarmament, UN law and practice, development, and domestic law. While certain multilateral environment agreements, such as the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage protect the environment; international humanitarian law and international criminal law continue to treat environmental protection largely from an anthropocentric perspective. This book is the first targeted work in the legal literature that investigates environmental challenges in the aftermath of conflict. Addressing these challenges, it brings together academics, policy-makers, and practitioners from different disciplines to clarify policies and practices of environmental protection and key normative frameworks.0It draws on experiences and practices in post-conflict settings to specify substantive principles and techniques to remedy and prevent harm.
Note
Environmental protection is fundamental for the establishment of sustainable peace. Applying traditional legal approaches to protection raises particular challenges during the transition from conflict to peace. In the jus post bellum context, protection of the environment and natural resources needs to be considered in tandem with a broad range of simultaneously applicable normative frameworks, such as human rights, transitional justice, arms control/disarmament, UN law and practice, development, and domestic law. While certain multilateral environment agreements, such as the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage protect the environment; international humanitarian law and international criminal law continue to treat environmental protection largely from an anthropocentric perspective. This book is the first targeted work in the legal literature that investigates environmental challenges in the aftermath of conflict. Addressing these challenges, it brings together academics, policy-makers, and practitioners from different disciplines to clarify policies and practices of environmental protection and key normative frameworks.0It draws on experiences and practices in post-conflict settings to specify substantive principles and techniques to remedy and prevent harm.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Table of Contents
Preface / Marie G. Jacobsson
vii
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Legislation
xxv
Abbreviations
xxxvii
List of Contributors
xli
Introduction: Protection of the Environment and Jus Post Bellum: Some Preliminary Reflections / Jennifer S. Easterday
1
1.1.
State-of-the-Art
1
1.2.
Jus Post Bellum and Environmental Protection
5
1.3.
ILC Draft Principles on the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts
11
1.4.
Content of the Book
15
1.5.
Not a Conclusion
24
I.
FOUNDATIONS
1.
Considerations in Framing the Environmental Dimensions of Jus Post Bellum / Carl Bruch
29
1.1.
Introduction
29
1.2.
Jus Post Bellum and Environmental Peacebuilding
30
1.3.
Challenges Ahead
38
2.
Denning the Environment: Environmental Integrity / Cymie R. Payne
40
2.1.
Introduction
40
2.2.
Classic Approach in International Law
44
2.3.
Environmental Integrity
62
2.4.
Lessons for Jus Post Bellum
68
II.
LEGAL NORMS AND FRAMEWORKS
3.
Ability of Environmental Treaties to Address Environmental Problems in Post-Conflict / Britta Sjostedt
73
3.1.
Introduction
73
3.2.
Problems in Environmental Protection Work Related to Armed Conflicts
74
3.3.
Environmental Treaties' Alternative Approach
77
3.4.
Conclusions
90
4.
Environment and Armed Conflict: Employing General Principles to Protect the Environment / Kirsten Stefanik
93
4.1.
Introduction
93
4.2.
Power of Principles: General Principles of International Law
95
4.3.
Role of General Principles in International Law
98
4.4.
International Environmental Law
102
4.5.
Precautionary Principle
106
4.6.
Precaution and Proportion: the Precautionary Principle Versus International Humanitarian Law
113
4.7.
Principles of IEL in Jus Post Bellum
115
4.8.
Conclusion
117
5.
Using a Framework of Human Rights and Transitional Justice for Post-Conflict Environmental Protection and Remediation / Karen Hulme
119
5.1.
Introduction
119
5.2.
Post-Conflict Legal Frameworks
120
5.3.
Environmental Damage as a Human Rights Issue
123
5.4.
Environmental Damage as a Post-Conflict Human Rights Issue
126
5.5.
Conclusions
141
6.
Law of Pillage, Conflict Resources, and Jus Post Bellum / Carl Bruch
143
6.1.
Introduction
143
6.2.
Background
146
6.3.
Law of Pillage and Jus Post Bellum
151
6.4.
Conclusion: Alternative Avenues for Accountability and Prevention
167
7.
Standard-setting Practices for the Management of Natural Resources in Conflict-Torn States: Constitutive Elements of Jus Post Bellum / Daniella Dam-de Jong
169
7.1.
Introduction
169
7.2.
Role of Natural Resources in Fuelling Armed Conflict in West Africa and the DRC
170
7.3.
Standards Developed in UN Security Council Resolutions
175
7.4.
Implementation of Standards in the Mandates of Peacekeeping Operations
185
7.5.
Implementation of Standards in Management Reform Programmes
188
7.6.
Lessons for Jus Post Bellum
190
8.
Environmental Implications of Disarmament: the CWC Case / Thilo Marauhn
192
8.1.
CWC Obligation to Disarm
192
8.2.
Environmental Implications of Chemical Disarmament
194
8.3.
From Fragmentation to Integration
195
8.4.
Syrian Case
199
8.5.
Lessons Learned
201
9.
Legal Protection of the Environment: the Double Challenge of Non-International Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding / Dieter Fleck
203
9.1.
Introduction
203
9.2.
Environmental Obligations in Non-International Armed Conflict
205
9.3.
Environmental Obligations Post-Conflict
215
9.4.
Conclusions
218
10.
Eco-Struggles: Using International Criminal Law to Protect the Environment During and After Non-International Armed Conflict / Matthew Gillett
220
10.1.
Introduction
220
10.2.
Environmental Harm During and After Armed Conflicts
222
10.3.
Application of International Criminal Law to Environmental Harm During Non-International Armed Conflicts
224
10.4.
Extending Environmental Protections to Non-International Armed Conflicts
234
10.5.
Accountability for Environmental Harm as a Facet of Jus Post Bellum
248
10.6.
Conclusion
252
III.
TENSIONS AND DILEMMAS
11.
Reparation for Environmental Damage in Jus Post Bellum: the Problem of Shared Responsibility / Was Plakokefalos
257
11.1.
Introduction
257
11.2.
Bundle of Primary Obligations and their Relevance to Shared Responsibility and Reparation
259
11.3.
Shared Responsibility and Reparation
265
11.4.
Concluding Remarks
272
12.
Conflict, Cash, and Controversy: Protecting Environmental Rights in Post-Conflict Settings / Hana Ivanhoe
274
12.1.
Introduction: Sustainable Development, Environmental Protection, and Jus Post Bellum
274
12.2.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Degradation
277
12.3.
Ensuring Corporate Social Responsibility and Respect for Human and Environmental Rights in Post-Conflict Countries
279
12.4.
UN and International Financial Organizations
290
12.5.
Challenges and Gaps in Existing Frameworks Addressing Environmental Degradation Resulting from External Involvement in Post-Conflict Settings
293
12.6.
Conclusions
297
13.
Private Security Companies and Other Private Security Service Providers (PSCs) and Environmental Protection in Jus Post Bellum: Policy and Regulatory Challenges / Aneaka Kellay
299
13.1.
Introduction
299
13.2.
PSCs and Environmental Issues: An Overview
300
13.3.
PSCs: Law and Policy and its Relevance to Environmental Protection---an Overview
305
13.4.
Law and Policy in Practice: Attaching Liability for PSC Wrongdoing
315
13.5.
Conclusion
323
IV.
REMEDYING AND PREVENTING DAMAGE AND HARM
14.
Developments in the Law of Environmental Reparations: A Case Study of the UN Compensation Commission / Cymie R. Payne
329
14.1.
Introduction
329
14.2.
Constitution of the UNCC and Choice of Civil or Criminal Law
333
14.3.
Structure, Procedures, and Substantive Law
337
14.4.
UNCC Environmental Reparations and Jus Post Bellum
360
14.5.
What Jus Post Bellum Adds to Environmental Integrity
364
14.6.
Conclusion
365
15.
Victims of Environmental Harm During Conflict: the Potential for `Justice' / Merryl Lawry-White
367
15.1.
Introduction
367
15.2.
Environmental Imperative
369
15.3.
Patchwork of Relevant Protections
371
15.4.
Parameters of Reparation
379
15.5.
Implementation: Institutions, Considerations, and Precedents
387
15.6.
Conclusions
394
16.
Post-Conflict Mine Action: Environment and Law / Pascal Rapillard
396
16.1.
Introduction: Nexus Between Peacebuilding, Mine Action, and the Environment
396
16.2.
Normative Framework
398
16.3.
Environmental Impact of Remnants of Conflict on Land
404
16.4.
Environmental Impact of Mine Clearance on Land
406
16.5.
Measures to Ensure Mine Clearance on Land Does No Harm to the Environment
408
16.6.
Challenges and Ways to Address Liability for Environmental Degradation and Damage to Individuals from Remnants of Conflict and their Removal
409
16.7.
Conclusion
418
17.
`After the War is Before the War': the Environment, Preventive Measures Under International Humanitarian Law, and their Post-Conflict Impact / Anne Dienelt
420
17.1.
Introduction
420
17.2.
Preventive Measures Under IHL
422
17.3.
Preventive Measures Under IHL and their Post-Conflict Impact
431
17.4.
Conclusion
436
18.
Retraining the Remnants of War: the Role of the International Law Commission, Governments, and Civil Society / Doug Weir
438
18.1.
Introduction
438
18.2.
Context
439
18.3.
Historic Decoupling of the Environment from Mine Action
440
18.4.
Emergence of the Toxic Remnants of War Framing
442
18.5.
ILC's Draft Principle on the Toxic and Hazardous Remnants of War
444
18.6.
ILC's Other Post-Conflict Draft Principles that Intersect with Toxic Remnants of War
450
18.7.
Conclusion
453
Index
457