Bankruptcy and debtor/creditor / Brian A. Blum, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School ; Samir D. Parikh, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School.
2018
KF1524.85 .B58 2018 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Bankruptcy and debtor/creditor / Brian A. Blum, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School ; Samir D. Parikh, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School.
Published
New York : Wolters Kluwer, [2018]
Copyright
©2018
Call Number
KF1524.85 .B58 2018
Edition
Seventh edition.
ISBN
9781454883203 (alk. paper)
1454883200 (alk. paper)
1454883200 (alk. paper)
Description
xxix, 712 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)1021056511
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
Preface
xxvii
Acknowledgments
xxix
ch. 1
Debtor/Creditor Relationship, Unsecured Debt, Secured Debt, and Priorities
1
1.1.
Debtors and Creditors
1
1.2.
State Law and Federal Law: An Introductory Note
3
1.3.
Distinction Between Secured and Unsecured Debt and an Overview of the Process of Collecting Unsecured Debt
4
1.4.
Secured Debt
6
1.4.1.
Meaning of Security
6
1.4.2.
Terminology
6
1.4.3.
Relationship Between the Debt and the Collateral
7
1.5.
Creation of a Lien
10
1.5.1.
Attachment
11
1.5.2.
Perfection
11
1.5.3.
Summary
11
1.6.
Different Categories of Lien
12
1.6.1.
Consensual Liens
12
1.6.2.
Judicial Liens
12
1.6.3.
Statutory Liens
13
1.6.4.
Common Law Liens
15
1.6.5.
Equitable Liens
16
1.7.
Effect of a Valid Lien
17
1.7.1.
Lien&aposs Effect Against the Debtor and Subsequent Transferees
17
1.7.2.
Lien&aposs Effect on Preexisting Third-Party Interests in the Property
17
1.7.3.
Oversecured and Undersecured Debt
18
1.8.
Enforcement of the Lien
19
1.8.1.
Seizure of the Property
19
1.8.2.
Application of the Property in Satisfaction of the Debt
20
1.9.
Priorities Among Liens and Other Interests
21
1.9.1.
Function of Priority Rules
21
1.9.2.
General Rule of Priority
22
1.9.3.
Departures from the First-in-Time Rule for the Protection of Certain Subsequent Lienholders
22
1.9.4.
Priorities Between Liens and Other Interests in the Property
23
1.9.5.
Summary of the Issues to Be Considered in Dealing with Priorities
24
ch. 2
Debt Collection Under State Law
33
2.1.
Preliminary Observations on Debt Collection by Judicial Process at State Law
33
2.2.
Executable Property and Levy
34
2.2.1.
Executable Property
35
2.2.2.
Levy
37
2.3.
Judicial Prejudgment Remedies
38
2.3.1.
General Principles Applicable to All Prejudgment Remedies
38
2.3.2.
Attachment
40
2.3.3.
Prejudgment Garnishment
42
2.3.4.
Other Prejudgment Remedies
45
2.4.
Judgment and Its Enforcement
47
2.4.1.
Judgment by Default or Consent (Confession)
47
2.4.2.
Duration of the Judgment
48
2.4.3.
Judgment Lien
48
2.4.4.
Enforcement of Judgments in Other States
50
2.5.
Execution
51
2.6.
Garnishment
54
2.7.
Proceedings in Aid of Execution
55
2.8.
Fraudulent Transfers
56
2.9.
State Law Insolvency Proceedings
58
2.9.1.
Introduction to State Law Insolvency Proceedings
58
2.9.2.
Compositions and Extensions
60
2.9.3.
Assignments for the Benefit of Creditors
61
ch. 3
Nature, Source, and Policies of Bankruptcy Law
71
3.1.
What Is Bankruptcy?
71
3.2.
Federal Nature of Bankruptcy Law
72
3.2.1.
Federal Power over Bankruptcy
72
3.2.2.
Bankruptcy Law and Nonbankruptcy Law
73
3.3.
Uniformity in Bankruptcy Law
73
3.4.
Statutory Source of Bankruptcy Law
74
3.4.1.
Federal Bankruptcy Legislation
74
3.4.2.
Structure and Organization of the Code and Ancillary Statutes
76
3.4.3.
Dollar Amounts in the Code
77
3.4.4.
Bankruptcy Rules
78
3.5.
Policies and Goals of Bankruptcy Law
78
3.5.1.
Introduction
78
3.5.2.
Fundamental Goals and Policies of Bankruptcy
79
ch. 4
Bankruptcy Court, Officials, and Parties
87
4.1.
Overview
87
4.2.
Bankruptcy Court
88
4.2.1.
Jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court
88
4.2.2.
Appeals from the Bankruptcy Court
91
4.3.
Trustee
91
4.3.1.
Appointment and Qualification, Generally
91
4.3.2.
Trustee&aposs Duty to Perform Duties Faithfully and Competently
92
4.3.3.
Removal of a Trustee
93
4.3.4.
Trustee&aposs Role in Ch. 7 Cases
93
4.3.5.
Trustee&aposs Role in Ch. 13 Cases
94
4.3.6.
Role of a Debtor in Possession, Trustee, and Examiner in Ch. 11 Cases
94
4.3.7.
Trustee&aposs Fees
96
4.4.
U.S. Trustee
96
4.5.
Debtor
97
4.5.1.
Debtor&aposs Role in the Case
97
4.5.2.
Equity Security Holders
97
4.6.
Creditors and Creditors&apos Committees
98
4.7.
Attorneys and Other Professional Consultants
99
4.7.1.
Employment of Professionals by the Estate, the Debtor, and Creditors
99
4.7.2.
Conflicts of Interest, Client Confidentiality, and Loyalty
100
4.8.
Debt Relief Agencies
104
4.8.1.
Meaning of "Debt Relief Agency": Persons, Including Attorneys, Who Provide Assistance or Representation in Connection with a Modest-Value Consumer Bankruptcy Case
104
4.8.2.
Regulation of Debt Relief Agencies
105
4.8.3.
Constitutionality of [§][§]526 and 528 as Applied to Attorneys
106
4.9.
Other Participants
107
ch. 5
Debtor Eligibility and the Different Forms of Bankruptcy Relief
113
5.1.
Overview
113
5.2.
Distinction Between Liquidation and Rehabilitation
114
5.2.1.
Liquidation
114
5.2.2.
Rehabilitation Bankruptcy
114
5.2.3.
Practical Perspective on the Distinction Between Liquidation and Rehabilitation
116
5.3.
Different Types of Debtor
116
5.3.1.
Individuals and Corporations
117
5.3.2.
Consumer and Business Debtors
117
5.4.
Debtor Eligibility
119
5.4.1.
General Qualifications Under [§]109(a)
119
5.4.2.
Limitation on Successive Filings Under [§]109(g)
120
5.4.3.
Limitation Requiring Credit Counseling Under [§]109(h)
122
5.5.
Eligibility for Relief Under Each of the Separate Chapters
128
5.5.1.
Ch. 7 ([§]109(b))
128
5.5.2.
Ch. 11 ([§]109(d))
129
5.5.3.
Ch. 13 ([§]109(e))
129
5.6.
Conversion from One Chapter to Another
130
5.6.1.
General Principles
130
5.6.2.
Conversion by the Debtor
131
5.6.3.
Impact of [§]707(b) on the Debtor&aposs Ability to Convert from Ch. 13 to Ch. 7
132
5.6.4.
Conversion by Parties Other Than the Debtor
133
5.6.5.
Impact of Conversion on the Commencement Date of the Case
133
5.7.
Debtor&aposs Choice of Relief
134
5.7.1.
Corporate Debtors
135
5.7.2.
Individual Debtors
135
5.8.
Summary of the Significant Differences Among Chs. 7, 11, and 13 That May Influence the Choice of Relief
136
ch. 6
Commencement and Dismissal of the Bankruptcy Case
147
6.1.
Overview
147
6.2.
Venue
148
6.3.
Voluntary Case
149
6.4.
Voluntary Petition as an Order for Relief
151
6.5.
Joint Cases, Jointly Administered Cases, and Consolidation
151
6.5.1.
Joint Cases
151
6.5.2.
Joint Administration
152
6.5.3.
Consolidation of Cases
152
6.6.
Involuntary Cases
154
6.6.1.
Introduction
154
6.6.2.
Qualifications for Filing Under [§][§]303 (a) , (b) , and (c)
154
6.6.3.
Procedures from the Filing of the Petition to the Order for Relief
160
6.6.4.
Grounds for Relief
160
6.6.5.
Creditor Good Faith in the Filing of the Petition
162
6.6.6.
Effect and Consequences of the Order for Relief in an Involuntary Case
163
6.6.7.
Petitioner Liability for Dismissal of the Petition
164
6.7.
General Grounds for Dismissal of a Bankruptcy Case-Voluntary Dismissal, Cause, and Improper Debtor Conduct
166
6.8.
Dismissal of a Ch. 7 Consumer Case on Grounds of Abuse
169
6.8.1.
Basic Purpose of [§]707(b)
169
6.8.2.
[§]707(b) Applies Only to an Individual Debtor Whose Debts Are Primarily Consumer Debts ([§][§]707(b)(1) and 101(8))
171
6.8.3.
Determining Whether the Consumer Debtor&aposs Current Monthly Income is Above or Below the Median Family Income For the Debtor&aposs State ([§][§]707(b)(6) and (7))
173
6.8.4.
Finding of Abuse Where the Presumption of Abuse Does Not Apply
175
6.8.5.
Formula in [§]707(b)(2) to Determine If the Presumption of Abuse Applies
176
6.8.6.
Rebuttal of the Presumption of Abuse
181
6.8.7.
Sanctions
182
6.9.
Creditors&apos Meeting
183
ch. 7
Automatic Stay ([§][§]362(a), (b), (c), and (k))
191
7.1.
Overview of the Automatic Stay
191
7.2.
Purpose of the Automatic Stay
192
7.3.
Basic Tenets of the Stay
192
7.4.
Scope of the Stay: [§][§]362(a) and (b)
195
7.4.1.
Acts Precluded by the Stay-[§]362(a)
196
7.4.2.
Impact of the Stay on Setoff Rights
198
7.4.3.
Activity Excluded from the Stay-[§]362(b)
200
7.5.
Termination of the Stay
204
7.5.1.
Termination of the Stay of Acts Against Estate Property
204
7.5.2.
Termination of the Stay of Other Acts
204
7.5.3.
Termination of the Stay Following Serial Filings
205
7.6.
Effect of the Stay on Limitation Periods-[§]108
207
7.7.
Consequences of Violating the Stay
208
7.7.1.
Nullification of Advantages Gained by the Violation
208
7.7.2.
Willful Violations: Compensatory Damages, Including Costs and Attorneys&apos Fees
208
7.7.3.
Emotional Distress Damages
210
7.7.4.
Punitive Damages
211
ch. 8
Relief from Stay and Adequate Protection ([§]362(d))
217
8.1.
Overview of the Relief from Stay Process
217
8.2.
Forms of Relief
219
8.3.
Grounds for Relief
220
8.3.1.
Relief from Stay for Cause ([§]362(d)(1))
221
8.3.2.
Relief from Stay of Acts Against Property on the Grounds That the Debtor Has No Equity in the Property, and the Property Is Not Necessary to an Effective Reorganization ([§]362 (d)(2))
222
8.3.3.
Single Asset Real Estate Cases ([§]362 (d)(3))
224
8.3.4.
In Rem Relief Relating to Real Property Collateral ([§]362(d)(4))
225
8.4.
Lack of Adequate Protection as Cause for Relief from Stay Under [§]362(d)(1)
226
8.4.1.
Interests Entitled to Adequate Protection
226
8.4.2.
Circumstances Under Which the Need for Adequate Protection Arises
226
8.4.3.
Factors to Be Considered in Determining the Need for Adequate Protection
228
8.4.4.
Means and Method of Furnishing Adequate Protection
230
8.4.5.
Failure of Adequate Protection: Superpriority Under [§]507(b)
231
ch. 9
Property of the Estate ([§]541)
241
9.1.
Overview of the Bankruptcy Estate
241
9.2.
Disparate Treatment of Property Acquired Postpetition
243
9.3.
Property Included in the Estate
246
9.3.1.
Legal and Equitable Interests of the Debtor at the Time of the Petition ([§]541(a))
246
9.3.2.
Invalidating Restrictions on the Transfer of Property to the Bankruptcy Estate ([§]541(c))
250
9.4.
Property Excluded from the Estate
251
9.4.1.
Property Explicitly Excluded from the Estate ([§]541(b))
251
9.4.2.
Trusts and Trust Property ([§]541(d))
253
9.5.
Effect of Conversion from Ch. 13
254
9.6.
Trustee&aposs Power to Compel Delivery of Property of the Estate ("Turnover" Under [§]542)
254
9.7.
Abandonment of Property by the Trustee ([§]554)
255
ch. 10
Exemptions, Redemption, and Reaffirmation
261
10.1.
Overview
261
10.2.
Concept of Exemptions
262
10.3.
Exemptions Applicable in Bankruptcy Cases
263
10.3.1.
State&aposs Power to Substitute Its Own Exemptions for Federal Exemptions
263
10.3.2.
Determining Which State&aposs Law Governs Exemptions-the Debtor&aposs Domicile
265
10.4.
Nature of Exempt Property
266
10.5.
Procedure for Claiming Exemptions
267
10.6.
Exemption Planning
269
10.6.1.
Prepetition Arrangements to Maximize Exemptions
269
10.6.2.
Sanctions for Fraudulent Prepetition Manipulation
269
10.7.
Impact of Improper Exemption Planning and Other Prepetition Misconduct on the Homestead Exemption
270
10.8.
Debtor&aposs Power to Avoid Certain Interests That Impair Exemptions
274
10.8.1.
General Scope and Purpose of the Debtor&aposs Avoidance Power
274
10.8.2.
Judicial Liens
274
10.8.3.
Avoidable Nonpossessory, Nonpurchase-Money Security Interests
275
10.8.4.
Avoidance "to the Extent" of Impairment
276
10.8.5.
State Cannot Override the Avoidance Power in Its Opt-Out Statute
276
10.8.6.
How Impairment Is Measured
277
10.9.
Individual Debtor&aposs Redemption Right in Ch. 7 Cases
280
10.10.
Reaffirmation
282
10.10.1.
General Principles of Reaffirmation
282
10.10.2.
Why Would a Debtor Give Up the Right to Discharge the Debt by Reaffirming It?
282
10.10.3.
Creditor&aposs Risk of Violating the Automatic Stay or the Discharge Injunction
283
10.10.4.
Restrictions on Reaffirmation Agreements
285
10.11.
Ch. 7 Debtor&aposs Retention of the Collateral Under the Original Contract-the "Ride-Through"
287
ch. 11
Trustee&aposs Avoidance Powers: General Principles and Policies
297
11.1.
Overview
297
11.2.
Structure of the Avoidance Provisions
298
11.3.
Applicability of the Avoidance Powers in Liquidation and Rehabilitation Cases
301
11.4.
Exercise of the Avoidance Power by a Debtor in Possession or Other Parties
301
11.5.
Avoidance Suit and the Enforcement of a Judgment of Avoidance ([§]550)
302
11.6.
Preservation of the Transfer for the Benefit of the Estate ([§]551)
303
11.7.
Statute of Limitations and "Reach-Back" Provisions
304
11.8.
General Purpose and Goals of the Avoidance Powers
305
ch. 12
Trustee&aposs Avoidance Powers: Unperfected Interests ([§]544) and Statutory Liens ([§]545)
309
12.1.
Overview
309
12.2.
Avoidance of Unperfected Interests Under [§]544
310
12.2.1.
[§]544(a) and the Trustee&aposs Status as a Hypothetical Lien Creditor, Execution Creditor, or Bona Fide Purchaser of Real Property
310
12.2.2.
Trustee&aposs Status as Successor to an Actual Unsecured Creditor Under [§]544(b)
314
12.2.3.
Exceptions to Avoidance Under [§]546
317
12.3.
Avoidance of Statutory Liens Under [§]545
318
ch. 13
Avoidance of Preferences and Debt Setoff
327
13.1.
Preferential Transfers Under [§]547
327
13.1.1.
Overview
327
13.1.2.
Elements of [§]547(b)
329
13.1.3.
Timing of the Transfer
335
13.1.4.
Exceptions to Avoidance Under [§]547(c)
337
13.2.
Setoff Under [§]553
350
13.2.1.
Setoff in Nonbankruptcy Law
350
13.2.2.
Understanding Setoff Rights in Bankruptcy
351
13.2.3.
[§]553(a)&aposs Requirements
352
13.2.4.
Limitations on the Right of Setoff
353
ch. 14
Fraudulent Transfers ([§]548) and Postpetition Transfers ([§]549)
367
14.1.
Overview of Fraudulent Transfer Law
367
14.2.
State Fraudulent Transfer Law
368
14.2.1.
Overview of the Avoidance Suit
369
14.2.2.
Actual Fraud
370
14.2.3.
Constructive Fraud
371
14.2.4.
Remedy of Avoidance and the Rights of the Transferee
375
14.3.
Fraudulent Transfers Under Federal Bankruptcy Law ([§]548)
377
14.3.1.
Avoidance Under [§]548 as an Alternative to [§]544 and State Law
377
14.3.2.
Actual Fraud
377
14.3.3.
Constructive Fraud
378
14.3.4.
Reach-Back and the Effect of Avoidance
380
14.3.5.
Defense to a Fraudulent Transfer Action ([§]548(c))
381
14.4.
Fraudulent Transfer Law and Leveraged Buyouts
382
14.4.1.
Application of Fraudulent Transfer Law to LBOs
383
14.4.2.
Fraudulent Transfer of Exempt Property
384
14.4.3.
Charitable Contributions by an Individual Debtor
384
14.5.
Postpetition Transfers Under [§]549
386
ch. 15
Trustee&aposs Power to Use, Sell, or Lease Estate Property (363) and to Obtain Credit ([§]364)
397
15.1.
Overview
397
15.2.
Use, Sale, or Lease of Estate Property Under [§]363
399
15.2.1.
Ordinary Course Transactions
399
15.2.2.
Transactions Outside the Ordinary Course of Business Under [§]363(b)(1)
401
15.2.3.
Restrictions on Dealing with Cash Collateral ([§]363(c))
403
15.2.4.
Adequate Protection ([§]363(e))
405
15.2.5.
Sales Free and Clear of Interests ([§]363(f)
405
15.2.6.
Insolvency or Bankruptcy Clauses in Prepetition Contracts or Nonbankruptcy Law ([§]363(l))
408
15.3.
Postpetition Credit Under [§]364
408
15.3.1.
[§]364&aposs Rationale
408
15.3.2.
Credit Arrangements Permitted by [§]364
410
15.3.3.
Unique Lending Terms in Debtor in Possession Financing
412
15.3.4.
Protection on Appeal (Mootness Under [§]364(e))
413
ch. 16
Executory Contracts and Unexpired Leases
425
16.1.
Overview
425
16.2.
Meaning of "Executory Contract" and "Unexpired Lease"
426
16.3.
Estate&aposs Right to Assume or Reject Executory Contracts
428
16.4.
Procedure and Standards for Assumption or Rejection
429
16.5.
Assumption of Contracts in Default ([§]365(b))
430
16.5.1.
General Overview of [§][§]365(b)(1) and (2)
430
16.5.2.
Requirements for Assumption Under [§]365(b)(1)
431
16.5.3.
Ipso Facto Clauses and Penalty Provisions Under [§]365 (b)(2)
434
16.6.
Nonassumable Contracts ([§]365(c))
434
16.6.1.
[§]365(c)(1) , the Hypothetical Test, and Contracts That Are Not Unassignable Under Nonbankruptcy Law
435
16.6.2.
Loan and Financing Transactions
436
16.7.
Bankruptcy Termination or Ipso Facto Clauses
437
16.8.
Assignment of a Contract or Lease ([§]365(f)
438
16.8.1.
Assignment Power ([§]365(f)(1))
438
16.8.2.
Prerequisites to Assignment ([§]365(f)(2))
439
16.9.
Debtor-Lessor&aposs Rejection of Real Property Lease and Lessee Rights ([§]365(h))
440
16.10.
Debtor-Lessor&aposs Rejection of Intellectual Property Contract and Licensee Rights ([§]365(n))
441
ch. 17
Claims Against the Estate
451
17.1.
Overview
451
17.2.
What Is a Claim?
451
17.2.1.
Definition of "Claim"
451
17.2.2.
Unliquidated, Contingent, Unmatured, and Disputed Claims
453
17.2.3.
Prepetition and Postpetition
454
17.2.4.
Claims Against the Debtor&aposs Property
455
17.2.5.
Determining When a Claim Arises
456
17.3.
Allowance and Disallowance of Claims
458
17.3.1.
General Claim Procedures, Timing, and Amendments
458
17.3.2.
Claim Review and the Burden-Shifting Framework
459
17.3.3.
Claim Disallowance ([§]502(b) and (d))
460
17.4.
Estimating Contingent and Unliquidated Claims ([§]502(c))
462
17.5.
Claim Classification and Priorities ([§]507)
464
17.5.1.
General Principles
464
17.5.2.
Order of Distribution
465
17.5.3.
Secured Claims ([§]506)
467
17.5.4.
Priority Claims
472
17.5.5.
General Unsecured Claims and Lower Classes
480
17.6.
Subordination of Claims
481
17.6.1.
Consensual Subordination
481
17.6.2.
Equitable Subordination
482
ch. 18
Debt Adjustment Under Chapter 13
491
18.1.
Overview
491
18.2.
Initial Stages of the Ch. 13 Case
492
18.2.1.
Commencement of the Ch. 13 Case
492
18.2.2.
Property of the Ch. 13 Estate
493
18.2.3.
Ch. 13 Trustee
493
18.2.4.
Commencing Payments Under the Ch. 13 Plan
494
18.3.
Ch. 13 Plan and the Prerequisites for Confirmation
494
18.4.
Confirmation of the Plan and Its Effects
497
18.5.
Funding of the Plan and the Debtor&aposs Obligation to Make Payments
498
18.6.
Length of the Plan
499
18.7.
Good Faith
500
18.8.
Classification of Claims and the Standards Applicable to Each Class
502
18.8.1.
Secured Claims
502
18.8.2.
Priority Claims
506
18.8.3.
Unsecured Claims
506
18.9.
Modification of a Claimant&aposs Rights and the Cure of Default
517
18.9.1.
Introduction and General Note on Cure
517
18.9.2.
Modification and Cure of Claims Other Than Specially Protected Home Mortgages
518
18.9.3.
Special Treatment of Claims Secured Only by a Security Interest in Real Property That Is the Debtor&aposs Principal Residence
519
18.10.
Long-Term Debt
521
18.11.
Modification of a Confirmed Plan
522
18.12.
Successive Filings Under Chs. 7 and 13: The "Chapter 20" Tactic
524
ch. 19
Understanding Chapter 11
539
19.1.
Overview of Ch. 11
539
19.2.
Ch. 11&aposs Objective and Tools
540
19.3.
Treatment of Special Types of Debtors
542
19.3.1.
Small Business Debtors
542
19.3.2.
Individual Debtors
543
19.3.3.
Single Asset Real Estate Cases
545
19.4.
Management of the Bankruptcy Case and Appointment of a Ch. 11 Trustee and Examiner
545
19.4.1.
Debtor in Possession
545
19.4.2.
Appointment of a Ch. 11 Trustee
546
19.4.3.
Appointment of a Ch. 11 Examiner
548
19.5.
Additional Stakeholders and Debtor Oversight
549
19.5.1.
Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors and Unofficial Committees
549
19.5.2.
U.S. Trustee
550
19.6.
Commencement of the Case and First Day Motions
552
19.6.1.
Commencement of the Case
552
19.6.2.
First Day Motions
552
19.7.
Importance of Negotiation and Business Judgment in a Ch. 11 Case
553
ch. 20
Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization
559
20.1.
Overview of the Plan Process
559
20.2.
Formulating the Plan
560
20.2.1.
Debtor&aposs Exclusive Period to Propose a Plan of Reorganization
560
20.2.2.
Disclosure Statement
563
20.2.3.
Voting on the Plan
565
20.2.4.
Confirmation
566
20.2.5.
Modification of the Plan
567
20.2.6.
Effect of Confirmation
567
20.2.7.
Effective Date of the Plan, Performance, and Consummation
569
20.3.
Content of the Plan
569
20.3.1.
Overview
569
20.3.2.
Mandatory Plan Provisions Under [§]1123(a)
569
20.3.3.
Permissive Plan Provisions Under [§]1123(b)
574
20.4.
Confirmation Requirements
575
20.4.1.
Overview
575
20.4.2.
Confirmation Under [§]1129(a) Where All Impaired Classes Have Accepted the Plan
576
20.4.3.
Cramdown Confirmation Under [§]1129(b)
581
20.5.
Prepackaged and Prenegotiated Plans
590
20.6.
Undersecured Creditors and [§]1111(b)
591
ch. 21
Debtor&aposs Discharge
601
21.1.
Overview
601
21.2.
Scope of the Discharge
603
21.3.
Effect of the Discharge
604
21.4.
Waiver of the Discharge and Reaffirmation of the Debt
607
21.5.
Ch. 7 Discharge
607
21.5.1.
Procedure and Scope
607
21.5.2.
Denial of the Discharge Under [§]727
608
21.5.3.
Revocation of the Discharge
611
21.5.4.
Exclusions from the Individual Debtor&aposs Ch. 7 Discharge by [§]523
612
21.5.5.
Discharge of Nondischargeable Debts in a Subsequent Case
631
21.6.
Ch. 11 Discharge
631
21.7.
Ch. 13 Discharge
633
21.7.1.
Procedure and Scope
633
21.7.2.
Preconditions to the Grant of the Ch. 13 Discharge
633
21.7.3.
Exclusions from the Ch. 13 Discharge
634
21.7.4.
Discharge in Successive Cases
637
21.7.5.
Waiver or Revocation of the Ch. 13 Discharge
638
21.7.6.
Hardship Discharge
638
Glossary
647
Table of Cases
673
Table of Statutes
687
Index
699