The inter-state application under the European Convention on Human Rights : between collective enforcement of human rights and international dispute settlement / by Isabella Risini.
2018
KJC5132 .R57 2018 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
The inter-state application under the European Convention on Human Rights : between collective enforcement of human rights and international dispute settlement / by Isabella Risini.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, [2018]
Copyright
©2018
Call Number
KJC5132 .R57 2018
ISBN
9789004357259 (hardback ; alkaline paper)
9004357254 (hardback ; alkaline paper)
9004357254 (hardback ; alkaline paper)
Description
xvi, 278 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)1019739758
Note
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Ruhr-University Bochum, 2016.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Available in Other Form
Online version: Risini, Isabella. Inter-state application under the European Convention on Human Rights. Leiden : Brill Nijhoff, 2018 9789004357266 (DLC) 2018005278
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Interstate application under the European Convention on Human Rights
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations, Legal Citation Format
xiii
1.
Any Alleged Breach: The Inter-State Application under the ECHR
1
1.1.
Growing Relevance of the Inter-State Application under the ECHR
1
1.2.
Object and Purpose of the Inter-State Application
5
1.3.
Link to Current Debate Concerning the Role of the European Court of Human Rights
7
1.4.
Stream of Inquiry: Between Collective Enforcement and International Dispute Settlement
7
1.4.1.
Drafting Process and the Evolution of the Supervisory Framework of the ECHR
8
1.4.2.
Comparisons in Light of Leading Question
8
1.4.3.
Case Law: Documentation, Context and Functions
9
1.4.4.
Recommendations for Reform
10
1.5.
Collective Enforcement and International Dispute Settlement
11
2.
Inception and Evolution of the Inter-State Application under the European Convention on Human Rights
13
2.1.
Overview: The Privilege of Hindsight
13
2.1.1.
Filling the Academic Gap
13
2.1.2.
Methodological Considerations
13
2.1.3.
Descriptive Concern of the Chapter
14
2.2.
International Human Rights on the Universal Level: Developments Without Specific Enforcement Structures
14
2.3.
Regional Initiative: The Council of Europe and Its Idiosyncrasies
16
2.3.1.
Human Rights: A Central Feature and the Need for Enforcement
16
2.3.2.
Object and Purpose of the Convention: More Collective Enforcement than Individual Justice
17
2.4.
Retracing the Notion of Collective and Enforcement
18
2.4.1.
Introducing the Notion of Collective Enforcement
19
2.4.2.
Enforcement - A Point of Contention
19
2.5.
1950 Convention Revisited
20
2.5.1.
Amenable to Judicial Enforcement: The Substantive Guarantees of the ECHR
20
2.5.2.
Architecture of Supervision: A Complex Compromise
21
2.5.3.
Supervision a la Carte
23
2.5.4.
Evaluation of the 1950 Convention's Supervisory Structure
25
2.6.
Towards Judicial Supervision: Subsequent Amendments of the Convention
27
2.7.
Results: The Inter-State Application between Collective Enforcement and International Dispute Settlement
28
3.
International Dispute Settlement and Collective Enforcement Functions of the Inter-State Application Approached Through Comparison
30
3.1.
Inter-State Litigation in Strasbourg and The Hague -- A Comparison with a View to the Function of International Dispute Settlement
31
3.1.1.
Overview
31
3.1.2.
Jurisdiction Compared
35
3.1.3.
Respective Yardsticks and the Cinderella Problem
44
3.1.4.
Interim Result: Dispute Settlement Functions in Light of the Object and Purpose of the Inter-State Application?
45
3.2.
Inter-State and the Individual Application under the European Convention on Human Rights - A Comparison with a View to the Function of Collective Enforcement
46
3.2.1.
Overview
46
3.2.2.
Applicable Rules of Admissibility in Individual and Inter-State Cases
49
3.2.3.
Standing
51
3.2.4.
Requirement of the Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies
53
3.2.5.
Interim Results: Collective Enforcement Functions as Added Value of the Inter-State Application Within ECHR Supervisory Framework
59
3.3.
Results: The Inter-State Application between International Dispute Settlement and Collective Enforcement
61
3.3.1.
Dispute Settlement Functions, Jurisdiction and Yardstick
61
3.3.2.
Collective Enforcement: Added Value of the Inter-State Application
62
4.
Inter-State Case-Law under the European Convention on Human Rights: Approaching the Object and Purpose of the Inter-State Application in Practice
63
4.1.
Collective Enforcement Functions
63
4.1.1.
Collective Enforcement beyond Individual Justice
63
4.1.2.
Public Interest Litigation
64
4.1.3.
Enforcement in the Specific Inter-State Context
64
4.1.4.
More than Diplomatic Protection
65
4.2.
Dispute Settlement Functions
65
4.2.1.
Judicial Review in Times of Crises: Proportionality and the Role of the Court in the Context of Inter-State Applications
65
4.2.2.
Private Interest Litigation
66
4.2.3.
Fact-Finding, Adversarial, Inquisitorial, Cooperational
66
4.3.
Carving Out the Potential and the Need for Reform of the Inter-State Application
66
4.4.
Greece v United Kingdom (1956-59)
67
4.4.1.
Overview
67
4.4.2.
Documentation
68
4.4.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
71
4.4.4.
Dispute Settlement Functions
73
4.4.5.
Evaluation: Incident Collective Enforcement, but Mainly Settling the Status of Cyprus
76
4.5.
Austria v Italy (1960--1963)
77
4.5.1.
Overview and Documentation
78
4.5.2.
Context: The Situation of the German-Speaking Minority in Italy
79
4.5.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
79
4.5.4.
International Dispute Settlement Functions
81
4.5.5.
Evaluation: Strasbourg as a Forum for Kin-State Litigation
82
4.6.
Denmark et al. v Greece (1967--1976)
83
4.6.1.
Overview
83
4.6.2.
Documentation
84
4.6.3.
Context: Greece Falling Prey to a coup d'etat
87
4.6.4.
Collective Enforcement Functions
88
4.6.5.
Dispute Settlement Functions
91
4.6.6.
Evaluation: Collective Enforcement Tested by Reality
95
4.7.
Ireland v United Kingdom (1971--1978 and 2014--Present)
97
4.7.1.
Overview and Documentation
98
4.7.2.
Context: A Protracted, Multy-Layered Conflict
101
4.7.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
102
4.7.4.
Dispute Settlement Functions
107
4.7.5.
Evaluation: A Preponderance of Collective Enforcement Functions
111
4.8.
Cyprus v Turkey (1974--Present)
113
4.8.1.
Overview
113
4.8.2.
Context: Cyprus as Object of Greek and Turkish Interests
116
4.8.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
119
4.8.4.
Dispute Settlement Functions
125
4.8.5.
Evaluation: Neither Collective Enforcement nor Dispute Settlement: Learning from Past Mistakes
128
4.9.
Denmark et al. v Turkey (1982--1985) and Denmark v Turkey (1997--2000)
130
4.9.1.
Overview and Documentation
130
4.9.2.
Context: A Coup d'etat and Its Long-Term Consequences
133
4.9.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
135
4.9.4.
International Dispute Settlement Functions
136
4.9.5.
Evaluation: Friendly Settlements: Efficient for the Collective Enforcement of Human Rights, but Not Universal Remedies
138
4.10.
Georgia v Russia (2008-Present)
139
4.10.1.
Overview and Documentation
140
4.10.2.
Context: The Frozen and Not so Frozen Conflicts in the Aftermath of the Breakup of the Soviet Union
143
4.10.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions
145
4.10.4.
Dispute Settlement Functions
148
4.10.5.
Evaluation: Strasbourg as Appropriate Forum for the Settlement of a Complex Conflict?
151
4.11.
Ukraine v Russia (2014-Present)
151
4.11.1.
Overview and Documentation
152
4.11.2.
Context: Competing Interests Over Ukraine -- East vs West Reloaded
154
4.11.3.
Collective Enforcement Functions: Focus on Interim Measures
156
4.11.4.
Dispute Settlement Functions in View of Ukrainian Multi-Forum Litigation Strategy
157
4.11.5.
Evaluation: Open Questions about the Role of the Strasbourg Court
159
4.12.
Results from the Analysis of Inter-State Case Law
160
4.12.1.
Collective Enforcement Functions
160
4.12.2.
Dispute Settlement Functions
167
4.12.3.
Grouping of Inter-State Case Law: Private and Public Interest Litigation
168
4.12.4.
Between Collective Enforcement and International Dispute Settlement
169
5.
Reform Considerations: The Inter-State Application between Collective Enforcement and Dispute Settlement
171
5.1.
General Reform Considerations for the Inter-State Application
171
5.2.
Spelling Out the Object and Purpose of the Inter-State Application
173
5.3.
Dispute Settlement Functions
174
5.3.1.
No Broader Yardstick and No Counterclaims
174
5.3.2.
Broadening the Court's Advisory Jurisdiction under Article 47 ECHR
178
5.3.3.
Fact-Finding
181
5.4.
Collective Enforcement
186
5.4.1.
Accession of the European Union to the ECHR and the Looming Admissibility Restrictions for the Inter-State Application
186
5.4.2.
Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies and the Exceptions
191
5.4.3.
Court's Remedial Toolbox in Light of the Object and Purpose of the In ter-State Application
192
5.5.
Cross-Cutting: Relationship of Individual and Inter-State Applications
208
Appendix
211
Index of Authorities
226
Index
277