Illegality after Patel v Mirza / edited by Sarah Green and Alan Bogg.
2018
KD703.I4 I43 2018 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Title
Illegality after Patel v Mirza / edited by Sarah Green and Alan Bogg.
Published
Oxford : Hart Publishing, 2018.
Call Number
KD703.I4 I43 2018
ISBN
9781509912773 hardcover ; alkaline paper
1509912770 hardcover ; alkaline paper
9781509912797 electronic book
1509912797 electronic book
9781509912780 electronic book
1509912789 electronic book
1509912770 hardcover ; alkaline paper
9781509912797 electronic book
1509912797 electronic book
9781509912780 electronic book
1509912789 electronic book
Description
xviii, 386 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)1019653479
Note
"This edited collection is based upon the essays discussed at a workshop at St Hilda's College, Oxford, on 19th May 2017"--Acknowledgments.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Available in Other Form
Online version: Illegality after Patel v Mirza. Oxford ; Portland. Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2018 9781509912780 (DLC) 2018000912
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Foreword / Hugh Beale
vii
Acknowledgements
xi
List of Contributors
xix
1.
Introduction / Sarah Green
1
pt. I
General Perspectives on Illegality
2.
New Dawn for the Law of Illegality / Andrew Burrows
23
I.
Illegality and Rules
23
II.
What did Patel v Mirza Decide?
26
A.
Majority
26
B.
Minority
30
III.
Three Additional Observations
33
IV.
Conclusion
38
3.
Law of Illegality: Identifying the Issues / James Goudkamp
39
I.
Does the `Range of Factors' Approach Apply Across Private Law?
40
II.
Does the `Range of Factors' Approach Supersede Rules that had been Developed for Specific Contexts?
42
III.
How is the `Range of Factors' Approach to be Applied?
44
IV.
Is the `Range of Factors' Approach Justified?
45
A.
Is the `Range of Factors' Approach in Principle Justified?
45
B.
Is the Selection of Particular Factors Justified?
47
V.
Is the Illegality Doctrine a Single Rule?
48
VI.
How does the Illegality Doctrine Function?
49
VII.
What Counts as `Turpitude' and What Should Count as `Turpitude'?
52
VIII.
Should the Law Embrace an Illegality Doctrine and, if so, Why Should It?
54
IX.
What is the Nature of the Relationship between the Illegality Doctrine and Other Associated Rules?
56
A.
Unclean Hands Maxim
56
B.
Law of Contributory Negligence
58
X.
Conclusion
59
4.
Restitution or Confiscation/Forfeiture? Private Rights versus Public Values / Robert Sullivan
61
I.
Introduction
61
A.
Highly Unlikely Case
61
B.
How Helpful is Patel v Mirza to Criminals? Some Preliminary Thoughts
64
C.
Which Approach: Justice F or Justice G?
65
II.
Engaging with the Criminal Justice System
67
A.
Presumption in Favour of Confiscation/Forfeiture
67
B.
Criminal Law and Civil Law: Conflict and Primacy
68
III.
Presumptive Confiscation/Forfeiture
71
A.
Majority Judgments in Patel v Mirza
73
B.
Factors Favouring Overriding the Presumption
76
IV.
Entitlement-Based Approach: The Minority Judgments in Patel v Mirza
79
V.
What Next? Precedent and Law Reform
80
A.
Precedent
81
B.
Statutory Intervention
83
VI.
Conclusion
84
5.
Not a Principle of Justice? / Nicholas J. McBride
85
I.
What is Justice?
86
A.
Duty
86
B.
Allocations
86
C.
Politics
87
D.
Approach Taken in this Chapter
87
II.
Moralistic View
88
III.
Allocative View
91
A.
Rights
91
B.
Remedies
94
C.
Conclusion
98
IV.
Political View
99
A.
Law should not Contradict Itself
100
B.
Crime Must not Pay
101
C.
Other Principles
102
V.
Conclusion
105
6.
Illegality as a Rationing Rule / Frederick Wilmot-Smith
107
I.
Introduction
107
II.
Rationing Rights
108
A.
Rights
108
B.
Distribuenda
110
C.
Distributing Rights
111
III.
Illegality
112
A.
Doctrine
112
B.
Illegality as a Rationing Rule
113
C.
Patel v Mirza
116
IV.
Illegality Assessed
118
A.
Rule of Law Objection
118
B.
Justice and Tertiary Rights
121
C.
Illegality and Tertiary Rights
125
V.
Conclusion
129
7.
Illegality, Familiarity and the Law Commission / James Lee
131
I.
Introduction
131
II.
Law Commission's Project
133
III.
Judicial Engagement with the Commission's Project Prior to Patel v Mirza
135
A.
References to the Law Commissions Generally
135
B.
Treatment of the Initial Consultations
137
C.
Final Report
139
IV.
Patel v Mirza
142
A.
Facts
142
B.
Reasoning
142
V.
Restating the Law?
148
VI.
Illegality as an Example of Reform
152
A.
Illegality as a Special Case?
152
B.
Government's Response to the Law Commission's Illegality Report
154
C.
Width of Proposals and Risk of Unintended Consequences
156
VII.
`The Elusive Boundary': Vehicles and Venues for Law Reform
157
VIII.
Conclusions
160
pt. II
Specific Perspectives on Illegality
8.
Illegality and Contractual Enforcement after Patel v Mirza / Janet O'Sullivan
165
I.
Introduction
165
II.
Law Commission Recommendations
166
A.
Illegal Transactions: The Effect of Illegality on Contracts and Trusts
166
B.
Illegality Defence: A Consultative Report
168
C.
Illegality Defence
169
III.
Majority Reasoning in Patel Related to Contractual Enforcement
170
IV.
Mohamed v Alaga & Co
174
V.
Hounga v Allen
179
VI.
Three Other Puzzles Concerning Illegality and Contractual Enforcement Suggested by Patel
184
VII.
Conclusion
186
9.
Illegality and Zero Sum Torts / Sarah Green
187
I.
Introduction
187
II.
Causal Story Cases
192
A.
Novus Actus Interveniens
192
B.
Consistency
194
III.
External Event Cases
198
IV.
Internal Event Cases
203
V.
Particular Problem of Crime
207
10.
Illegality and Unjust Enrichment / Graham Virgo
213
I.
Effect of Illegality on Unjust Enrichment Claims before the Decision of the Supreme Court
215
A.
No Reliance on the Illegality
216
B.
Withdrawal from the Illegal Transaction (Locus Poenitentiae)
218
C.
Parties are not in Pari Delicto
218
II.
Illegality and Unjust Enrichment Following the Decision of the Supreme Court
219
A.
Approach of the Majority
220
B.
Approach of Lord Neuberger
222
C.
Approach of the Minority
223
D.
Summary
224
III.
Implications for the Law of Unjust Enrichment
224
A.
Failure of Basis
224
B.
Parkinson v College of Ambulance
227
C.
Withdrawal Principle
229
D.
Enforcement of Illegal Transactions
230
E.
Quantum Meruit Claims
231
F.
Change of Position
232
G.
Confiscation rather than Restitution
233
IV.
What should be the Effect of Illegality on a Claim in Unjust Enrichment?
234
11.
Ramifications of Patel v Mirza in the Law of Trusts / Paul S. Davies
235
I.
Does Patel v Mirza Affect the Law of Trusts?
236
II.
Role and Future of the Presumption of Advancement
238
III.
Implementing the Work of the Law Commission?
242
IV.
Illegality and Third Parties
245
V.
Consequences of Illegality
248
VI.
Deciding Cases Differently
250
VII.
Conclusion
255
12.
Illegality in Labour Law after Patel v Mirza: Retrenchment and Restraint / Alan Bogg
257
I.
Introduction
257
II.
Illegality after Patel v Mirza: Some Preliminaries
258
A.
Four Problems before Patel v Mirza
259
B.
Lord Toulson's `Trio of Considerations'
262
III.
Statutory Illegality after Patel v Mirza
265
A.
Are Hounga and other Similar Cases to be Regarded as True Cases of Implied Statutory Prohibition?
267
B.
Should Lord Toulson's `Trio of Considerations' Inform the Future Development of the Law on Implied Statutory Prohibition?
269
C.
How Should the New Criminal Offences in the Immigration Act 2016 be Analysed from the Perspective of Implied Statutory Prohibition?
272
IV.
Illegality in Contractual Performance after Patel v Mirza
273
V.
Illegality in Discrimination Torts after Patel v Mirza
277
VI.
Quantum Meruit after Patel v Mirza
279
VII.
Patel v Mirza and the Constitutionalisation of Labour Law: A Prognosis
284
VIII.
Conclusion: Labour Law as Public Law
288
pt. III
Comparative Perspectives on Illegality
13.
Whither Now Illegality and Statute: An Australian Perspective / William Gummow
293
I.
Introduction
293
II.
Past
294
III.
Decision of the Supreme Court
295
IV.
Illegality Sourced in or Derived from Statute
297
V.
Modern Australian Decisions
299
A.
Statement of Principle
300
B.
Gnych---Four Points
302
VI.
United States
303
VII.
Proceeds of Crime Legislation
304
VIII.
Conclusions
305
14.
Illegality and Canadian Private Law: Hall v Hebert's Legacy / Mitchell McInnes
307
I.
Patel v Mirza
309
A.
Tinsley v Milligan
309
B.
Facts
311
C.
Lower Courts
311
D.
Lord Toulson
312
E.
Lord Sumption
314
F.
Other Judgments
316
II.
Hall v Hebert
317
III.
Hall v Hebert's Legacy
319
A.
Which Opinion in Patel v Mirza Best Reflects McLachlin J's Analysis?
319
B.
McLachlin J's Test of Illegality in Canadian Private Law
320
IV.
Conclusion
328
15.
Impact of Illegality and Immorality on Contract and Restitution from a Civilian Angle / Birke Hacker
331
I.
Identifying the Issues: English Law after Patel v Mirza
331
A.
From Holman v Johnson to Patel v Mirza
331
B.
Gist of Patel v Mirza
333
C.
Questions Arising from Patel v Mirza in Respect of Contract and Restitution
335
II.
Illegal and Immoral Contracts in the Civilian Tradition
340
A.
Historical Evolution: Roman Law and ius commune
341
B.
Modern European Civil Law Systems
343
III.
Bases of the Claim to Restitution in Cases of Illegality or Immorality
349
A.
condictio indebiti
350
B.
condictio causa data causa non secuta (or condictio ob rem)
352
C.
condictio ob turpem vel iniustam causam
353
IV.
Illegality Defence to Restitution in the Civilian Tradition
356
A.
Origins of the Illegality Defence in Roman Law
356
B.
Illegality Defence in Modern Civil Law Systems
358
C.
Justifications for the Illegality Defence and their Effect on its Scope
361
V.
Supranational Instruments: PECL and DCFR
365
A.
Discretionary `Range of Factors' Approach for Simple Illegality
365
B.
Restitutionary Consequences of Illegality Invalidating a Contractual Basis
368
Index
371