Social science in law : cases and materials / by John Monahan, John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Virginia ; Laurens Walker, T. Munford Boyd Professor of Law Emeritus, University of Virginia.
2014
KF385.A4 M66 2014 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Social science in law : cases and materials / by John Monahan, John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Virginia ; Laurens Walker, T. Munford Boyd Professor of Law Emeritus, University of Virginia.
Published
St. Paul, MN : Foundation Press, [2014]
Call Number
KF385.A4 M66 2014
Edition
Eighth edition.
ISBN
9781609302603
1609302605
1609302605
Description
xlvii, 592 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)882738497
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface to Eighth Edition
v
Table of Cases
xxv
Table of Materials
xxix
ch. 1
Jurisprudential Origins of Social Science in Law
1
I.
Early Developments
2
Common Law (1881)
2
Notes
4
Brief for the Defendant in Error Muller v. Oregon
4
Notes
7
Muller v. Oregon
8
Notes
9
Scope and Purpose of Sociological Jurisprudence
11
Notes
12
From Sociological Jurisprudence to Realism: Jurisprudence and Social Change in Early Twentieth Century America
13
Note
15
II.
Realist Movement
15
Some Realism About Realism---Responding to Dean Pound
16
Notes
18
Mr. Justice Holmes and Non-Euclidean Legal Thinking
19
Notes
21
Crisis of Democratic Theory (1973)
22
Note
24
Confirmation Hearing on the Nomination of John G. Roberts, Jr., to Be Chief Justice of the United States
26
Note
28
Confirmation Hearing on the Nomination of Sonia Sotomayor to Be Associate Justice of the United States
29
ch. 2
Primer of Legal and Social Science Methods
33
I.
Legal Methods
33
Frye v. United States
33
Federal Rules of Evidence
35
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
35
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
39
General Electric Company v. Joiner
44
Kumho Tire Company v. Carmichael
47
Federal Rules of Evidence
49
Notes
50
II.
Social Science Methods
52
A.
Methods of Asking Questions
53
1.
Empirical Approach
53
Approaches to Social Research (5th Ed. 2010)
54
Note
54
2.
Causal Explanation
55
Science and Behavior: An Introduction to Methods of Psychological Research (4th Ed. 1995)
55
Notes
57
3.
Measurement
57
(a).
Variables
58
Basic Research Methods in Social Science (3d Ed. 1985)
58
Note
59
(b).
Operational Definition
59
Practice of Social Research (13th Ed. 2013)
60
Note
61
(c).
Reliability and Validity
61
Reference Guide on Statistics
61
Note
62
B.
Methods of Gathering Information
63
1.
Threats to Validity
63
(a).
Internal Validity
64
Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings (1979)
64
Note
66
(b).
External Validity
67
Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings (1979)
67
Notes
68
2.
Research Design
69
(a).
Case Studies
69
Basic Research Methods in Social Science (3d Ed. 1985)
70
Note
70
(b).
Correlational Studies
71
Science and Behavior: An Introduction to Methods of Psychological Research (4th Ed. 1995)
71
Notes
73
(c).
True Experiments
75
Methods for Empirical Evaluation of Innovations in the Justice System
76
Notes
78
(d).
Quasi-Experiments
79
Methods for Empirical Evaluation of Innovations in the Justice System
79
Notes
82
C.
Methods of Interpreting Information
83
1.
Description of Results
83
(a).
Measures of Central Tendency
83
Reference Guide on Statistics
84
Note
84
(b).
Measures of Variability
85
Reading Statistics and Research (6th Ed. 2012)
85
Notes
86
(c).
Measures of Association
88
Statistical Evidence in Litigation: Methodology, Procedure, and Practice (1986)
88
Note
89
2.
Inferences Drawn From Results
89
Research Methods in Social Relations (3d Ed. 1976)
90
Research Methods in Social Relations (7th Ed. 2002)
93
Notes
93
ch. 3
Social Science Used to Determine Facts
97
I.
Trademarks
97
A.
Social Science Evidence and the Rule Against Hearsay
98
Elgin National Watch Co. v. Elgin Clock Co
99
Triangle Publications v. Rohrlich
100
Note
101
Oneida v. National Silver
102
Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Rogers Imports, Inc.
103
Note
104
B.
Social Science Evidence of Consumer Confusion
104
Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Rogers Imports, Inc.
104
Amstar Corporation v. Domino's Pizza
105
Squirt Company v. The Seven-Up Company
107
Note
109
Kroger Co. v. Johnson & Johnson
110
La Victoria Foods v. Curtice-Burns
111
KIS v. Foto Fantasy
113
Pharmacia Corp. v. Alcon Laboratories, Inc.
117
Fortune Dynamic v. Victoria's Secret
120
Note
122
Manual for Complex Litigation (4th Ed. 2004)
123
Reference Guide on Survey Research
123
McCarthy on Trademarks and Unfair Competition (4th Ed. 2013)
125
Social Facts: Scientific Methodology as Legal Precedent
126
Notes
127
Empirical Questions Without Empirical Answers
128
II.
Obscenity
129
A.
Admissibility of Social Science Evidence of Obscenity
130
People v. Muller
130
Jacobellis v. Ohio
131
Jacobellis v. Ohio
132
Smith v. California
132
Miller v. California
133
Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
134
Kaplan v. California
134
Hamling v. United States
135
B.
Social Science Evidence of "Community Standards"
135
People v. Nelson
136
Commonwealth v. Trainor
138
United States v. Pryba
141
Law of Obscenity (1976)
143
Estimating Community Standards: The Use of Social Science Evidence in an Obscenity Prosecution
143
St. John v. State of North Carolina Parole Commission
148
Notes
149
III.
Damages
150
Harolds Stores, Inc. v. Dillard Department Stores
151
Cimino v. Raymark Industries, Inc.
155
In Re Estate of Ferdinand E. Marcos Human Rights Litigation
159
Hilao v. Estate of Marcos
162
Cimino v. Raymark Industries, Inc.
165
Sampling Damages
166
Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
168
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes
169
ch. 4
Social Science Used to Make Law
171
I.
Legislative Facts
171
Approach to Problems of Evidence in the Administrative Process
171
Note
173
Facts in Lawmaking
173
Judicial, Legislative, and Administrative Lawmaking: A Proposed Research Service for the Supreme Court
174
II.
Constitutional Law
175
A.
Fourteenth Amendment: School Segregation
175
1.
Segregation by Race
175
(a).
"Separate but Equal"
176
Plessy v. Ferguson
176
Psychological Effects of Enforced Segregation: A Survey of Social Science Opinion
177
Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children
179
Note
181
Simple Justice (Revised and Expanded Ed. 2004)
181
Note
183
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
183
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
186
Jurisprudence
187
Social Science and School Desegregation: Did We Mislead the Supreme Court?
188
School Desegregation: The Social Science Role
188
Stell v. Savannah-Chatham County Board of Education
189
Stell v. Savannah-Chatham County Board of Education
192
Note
192
(b).
"White Flight"
193
Morgan v. Kerrigan
193
Morgan v. Kerrigan
194
Notes
197
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
199
2.
Segregation by Gender
205
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
206
Notes
209
United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia
210
United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia
214
United States v. Virginia
218
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (2007)
223
Notes
224
B.
First Amendment: Obscene or Violent Entertainment
225
1.
Obscenity
225
United States v. Roth
225
Notes
229
Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970)
230
Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
232
Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986)
234
Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: The Gaps Between "Findings" and Facts
236
Notes
238
New York v. Ferber
239
United States v. Hotaling
241
2.
Violent Video Games
243
American Amusement Machine Association v. Kendrick
243
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association
244
C.
Fourth Amendment: The exclusionary rule
248
Wolf v. Colorado
248
Mapp v. Ohio
251
United States v. Leon
252
Note
259
D.
Sixth Amendment: Juries
260
1.
Jury Size
260
Williams v. Florida
261
Colgrove v. Battin
263
Ignorance of Science Is No Excuse
265
Ballew v. Georgia
269
Gonzalez v. Florida
276
Note
277
2.
Death-Qualified Juries
277
Witherspoon v. Illinois
278
Grigsby v. Mabry
280
Lockhart v. McCree
286
Overruled: Jury Neutrality in Capital Cases
293
E.
Eighth Amendment: The Death Penalty and Life Without the Possibility of Parole
295
1.
Deterrence
295
Furman v. Georgia
296
Gregg v. Georgia
298
Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates
301
Deterrence and the Death Penalty
303
2.
Discrimination
304
McCleskey v. Kemp
304
Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (1994)
311
3.
Proportionality
312
Roper v. Simmons
313
Graham v. Florida
317
Miller v. Alabama
321
III.
Social Authority
328
Social Authority: Obtaining, Evaluating, and Establishing Social Science in Law
328
Empirical Questions Without Empirical Answers
332
ch. 5
Social Science Used to Provide Context
337
I.
Social Science as Context
337
Social Frameworks: A New Use of Social Science in Law
337
II.
Contexts for Determining Future Facts
339
A.
Bail
339
Report of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate, 1983
339
Bail Reform Act of 1984
340
United States v. Salerno
342
Pretrial Risk Assessment in Virginia
344
Note
346
B.
Parole
346
Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
347
Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
348
Notes
350
C.
Civil Commitment of Sexually Violent Predators
351
Kansas v. Hendricks
352
Notes
354
Sexually Violent Predators Act
355
Notes
356
D.
Capital Punishment
359
Barefoot v. Estelle
360
State v. Davis
363
Note
366
Saldano v. Texas
367
Saldano v. Texas
368
Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, 2001
369
E.
Tort Liability
369
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
369
Notes
372
Thompson v. County of Alameda
373
Brady v. Hopper
375
Note
379
Civil Code of California, 2013
380
III.
Contexts for Determining Present Facts
383
A.
Illegal Weapons
384
1.
"Skyjacker Profile"
384
United States v. Lopez
384
Note
388
9--11 Commission Report
388
2.
"Stop and Frisk"
389
Floyd v. City of New York
390
Note
393
B.
Illegal Aliens
394
United States v. Martinez-Fuerte
394
C.
Illegal Drugs
397
United States v. Sokolow
398
Notes
402
New Jersey v. Soto et al
403
United States v. New Jersey
407
Independent Monitors' Sixteenth Report, Submitted to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, and the United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (2007)
409
Note
409
IV.
Contexts for Determining Past Facts
409
A.
Defendants
410
1.
Culture
410
People v. Poddar
410
Note
411
People v. Aphaylath
412
Dang Vang v. Vang Xiong X. Toyed
413
People v. Wu
414
State v. Kargar
416
Notes
418
2.
Subculture
420
United States v. Alexander and Murdock
420
Twilight of Welfare Criminology
423
Morality of the Criminal Law: A Rejoinder to Professor Morse
424
Malign Neglect---Race, Crime, and Punishment in America (1995)
425
Note
425
3.
Personality
426
New Jersey v. Cavallo
427
State v. Hickman
432
Note
433
4.
Life Events
433
(a).
Assault
433
Minnesota v. Loebach
433
Note
436
Ibn-Tamas v. United States
436
State v. Yusuf
442
Skinner v. State
445
California Evidence Code (2005)
447
Jahnke v. Wyoming
447
Note
453
State v. Nemeth
453
Battered Child Syndrome and Other Psychological Effects of Sexual and Physical Abuse of Children
457
(b).
Combat
458
United States v King
458
United States v. Brownfield
460
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Ed., 2013)
463
Notes
465
(c).
Kidnapping
466
United States v. Hearst
466
United States v. Hearst
468
Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison
469
Notes
473
Final Report of the Independent Panel to Review Department of Defense Detention Operations, 2004
473
United States v. Frederick
475
Note
478
(d).
Television
478
Florida v. Zamora
478
Zamora v. State
484
Zamora v. Dugger
485
Note
485
B.
Victims
486
People v. Taylor
486
State v. Kinney
492
Rape Trauma Syndrome
495
Note
495
Checking the Allure of Increased Conviction Rates: The Admissibility of Expert Testimony on Rape Trauma Syndrome in Criminal Proceedings
496
Henson v. State
497
Rape Trauma Syndrome
500
Notes
500
C.
Witnesses
501
Arizona v. Chapple
501
Notes
505
Weatherred v. State
506
Notes
510
Newsome v. McCabe
511
State v. Henderson
513
Note
521
V.
Social Frameworks
523
Social Frameworks: A New Use of Social Science in Law
524
Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc
526
Contextual Evidence of Gender Discrimination: The Ascendance of "Social Frameworks"
527
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes
530
Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
531
ch. 6
Social Science and Litigation Strategy
533
I.
Choosing a Venue
533
Psychology of the American Jury (1987)
533
ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Discovery and Trial by Jury (3d ed, 1996)
535
Note
535
People v. Boss
536
State v. Baumruk
538
Firestone v. Crown Center Redevelopment Corp.
540
Notes
542
II.
Choosing a Jury
543
Attorney for the Defense
544
Modern Trials (2d Ed. 1982)
545
Mastering Voir Dire and Jury Selection: Gaining an Edge in Questioning and Selecting a Jury (3d Ed., 2011)
546
Effect of Peremptory Challenges on Jury and Verdict: An Experiment in a Federal District Court
549
Notes
551
Social Science Involvement in Voir Dire: Preliminary Data on the Effectiveness of "Scientific Jury Selection"
552
United States v. Mikos
554
III.
Choosing Instructions
555
Pattern Jury Instructions: The Application of Social Science Research
556
Law and Psychology of Jury Instructions
558
Mitchell v. Gonzales
559
Deciding on Death: Revising Jury Instructions to Improve Juror Comprehension of the Law
561
United States v. I. Lewis Libby
565
United States v. I. Lewis Libby
568
United States v. I. Lewis Libby
570
Note
570
Appendix A
Federal Rules of Evidence
573
Appendix B
For Lawyers: How to Find Social Science
581