Cases and materials on Federal Courts / by Michael L. Wells [and others].
2011
KF8719 .W45 2011 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Cases and materials on Federal Courts / by Michael L. Wells [and others].
Published
St. Paul, Minn. : Thomson/West, [2011]
Copyright
©2011
Call Number
KF8719 .W45 2011
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780314911513 (hbk.)
0314911510 (hbk.)
0314911510 (hbk.)
Description
xxix, 1,056 pages ; 27 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)696604619
Note
Includes index.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
v
Table of Cases
xvii
Introduction
1
Marbury v. Madison
1
Notes on Marbury
9
ch. One
Constitutional Remedies: Section 1983 and Related Doctrines
13
I.
Basic Features of the Law of Constitutional Remedies
13
Monroe v. Pape
13
Notes on Enforcing Federal Rights in the Federal Courts
23
Monell v. Department of Social Services
26
Notes on Monroe, Monell, and the [§] 1983 Cause of Action
30
II.
Official Immunity
35
A.
Absolute Immunity
35
Forrester v. White
35
Notes on Absolute Immunity
40
B.
Qualified Immunity
48
Harlow v. Fitzgerald
48
Notes on Qualified Immunity
55
Hope v. Pelzer
57
Notes on "Clearly Established Law"
62
III.
Governmental Liability
66
A.
Identifying the "Final" Policymaker
67
Webb v. Sloan
68
Notes on the "Final" Policy Maker
70
B.
Inadequate Training and Hiring
72
City of Canton v. Harris
72
Notes on Inadequate Training, Hiring, and Supervision
75
C.
Custom
77
Baron v. Suffolk Co. Sheriff's Dept
78
Notes on "Custom"
80
IV.
Enforcing Federal "Laws"
81
Gonzaga University v. Doe
83
Notes on Section 1983 and the Enforcement of Federal "Laws"
92
ch. Two
Federal Common Law
94
I.
Substantive Rights and Duties
95
A.
Rights and Obligations of the United States
97
Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States
98
Notes on the Origins and Scope of Federal Common Law
100
United States v. Kimbell Foods, Inc
102
Notes on Kimbell Foods and Borrowing State Law
107
B.
Federal Common Law in Litigation Between Private Parties
110
Boyle v. United Technologies Corp
111
Notes on Boyle and Federal Common Law in Non-U.S. Government Litigation
124
II.
Remedies
129
A.
Statutory Remedies
129
Alexander v. Sandoval
131
Note on Implied Remedies for Statutory Violations
137
B.
Constitutional Remedies
138
1.
Common Law Analogue to Section 1983
138
Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Federal Narcotics Agents
139
Notes on Federal Common Law Remedies for Constitutional Violations
149
Correctional Services Corp. v. Malesko
152
Note on Malesko and the Future of Bivens
160
2.
Are There Any Constitutionally Compelled Remedies?
162
Reich v. Collins
163
Note on Reich and Constitutionally Compelled Remedies
167
ch. Three
Jurisdiction of the Federal District Courts
169
I.
Federal Question Jurisdiction
169
A.
Basic Principle: A Case Arises Under the Law That Creates the Cause of Action
170
American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co
170
Notes on the "Law That Creates the Cause of Action" test
172
B.
Exceptions to American Well Works
173
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Manufacturing
173
Notes on Grable and Federal Jurisdiction Over State Law Causes of Action
180
C.
Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule
182
Louisville & Nashville R. R. Co. v. Mottley
182
Notes on the Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule
184
D.
Is the Plaintiff Always "The Master of the Complaint"?
187
Beneficial National Bank v. Anderson
187
Notes on the "Complete Preemption" Doctrine
197
E.
Removal
200
F.
Declaratory Judgments
203
Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co
204
Notes on the Skelly Oil Rule
208
G.
Supplemental Jurisdiction
213
United Mine Workers v. Gibbs
213
Notes on Supplemental Jurisdiction
217
II.
Diversity Jurisdiction
219
A.
Determining Citizenship: Natural Persons, Corporations, and Unincorporated Associations
220
1.
Natural Persons
220
Gregg v. Louisiana Power & Light Co
220
2.
Corporations
222
Hertz Corp. v. Friend
222
Note on Corporate Citizenship
232
3.
Unincorporated Associations
232
United Steelworkers v. R.H. Bouligny, Inc
232
Note on the Citizenship of Unincorporated Associations
235
B.
Thwarting Efforts by Litigants to Manipulate the Rules
235
Kramer v. Caribbean Mills, Inc
236
C.
"Ancillary" Jurisdiction and [§] 1367
239
Owen Equipment & Erection Co. v. Kroger
239
Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services
246
Notes on Supplemental Jurisdiction in Diversity Cases
253
ch. Four
Justiciability
254
I.
Advisory Opinions
255
Calderon v. Ashmus
255
Notes on Advisory Opinions
257
II.
Finality
263
Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm
263
Notes on Finality
264
III.
Political Questions
265
Nixon v. United States
265
Notes on the Political Question Doctrine
270
IV.
Standing: Introduction
273
Warth v. Seldin
273
Notes on Standing and Justiciability
282
V.
Standing: Constitutional Prerequisites
296
Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
296
Northeastern Fla. Chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America [AGC] v. City of Jacksonville
298
Notes on the Constitutional Prerequisites for Standing
300
A.
Injury in Fact
303
Frothingham v. Mellon
303
Flast v. Cohen
304
United States v. Richardson
308
Schlesinger v. Reservists
310
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United
311
Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
313
Notes on the Injury Requirement
321
B.
Causation
327
Simon v. Eastern Ky. Welfare Rights Org. [EKWRO]
327
Notes on Causation
329
C.
Redressability
331
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw
331
Notes on Redressability
335
VI.
Standing: Nonconstitutional Prerequisites
342
Kowalski v. Tesmer
342
Notes on the Prudential Prerequisites for Standing
346
VII.
Standing: Congressional Authority
351
A.
In General
351
Association of Data Processing Svc. Org. v. Camp
351
Bennett v. Spear
352
Notes on Congressional Authority
358
B.
Developments
367
Federal Election Comm'n v. Akins
367
Notes on Developments in Standing Doctrine
374
ch. Four
Justiciability---Continued
VIII.
Government Suits
382
Massachusetts v. EPA
382
Notes on Government Suits
393
IX.
Ripeness
397
City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
397
National Park Hospitality Ass'n v. Department of Interior
402
Notes on Ripeness
403
X.
Mootness
404
A.
In General
404
Northeastern Fla. Chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America [AGC] v. City of Jacksonville
404
City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
407
Notes on Mootness
407
B.
Class Actions
411
United States Parole Comm'n v. Geraghty
411
Notes on Mootness and Class Actions
414
ch. Five
Eleventh Amendment and State Immunity From Suit
417
I.
Background Principles
417
Hans v. Louisiana
419
Notes on Hans and State Sovereign Immunity
422
Ex Parte Young
424
Notes on Ex parte Young
430
II.
Current Constitutional Framework
432
Edelman v. Jordan
432
Notes on Edelman and the Retrospective/Prospective Distinction
436
III.
Congressional Abrogation of State Immunity
441
A.
Congressional Abrogation Under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment
441
Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
441
Notes on Fitzpatrick and Congress's Section 5 Power
444
B.
Congressional Abrogation Under the Commerce Clause
445
1.
Introductory Note
445
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
447
Alden v. Maine
454
Notes on Alden and State Sovereign Immunity in State Court
463
C.
Congressional Abrogation Under the Bankruptcy Clause
464
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
464
Notes on katz and Abrogation Under the Bankruptcy Power
469
Notes on State Immunity Before Federal Agencies and in Sister State Courts
469
ch. Six
Relationship Between the Federal Courts and the State Courts
471
I.
Introduction
471
II.
Abstention
472
A.
Pullman Abstention
472
Railroad Commission of Texas v. Pullman Company
472
Notes on Pullman Abstention
474
Note on Procedural Aspects of Abstention
475
Note on Certification
476
B.
Burford Abstention
478
Burford v. Sun Oil Co
478
Notes on Burford Abstention
481
C.
Thibodaux Abstention
481
Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux
481
Notes on the Scope and Rationale of Thibodaux
483
D.
Deference to Parallel Proceedings (Colorado River Abstention)
484
Colorado River Water Conservation District et al. v. United States
484
Notes on Colorado River and Its Limits
487
E.
Domestic Relations Exception
489
Ankenbrandt v. Richards
489
Notes on the Domestic Relations Exception
492
III.
Anti-Injunction Statute
493
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
493
Notes on the Anti-Injunction Act
498
Mitchum v. Foster
499
Notes on Mitchum and the "Expressly Authorized" Exception
504
Note on the Tax Injunction Act
505
Note on the Johnson Act
507
IV.
Younger Doctrine
508
A.
Younger v. Harris
508
Younger v. Harris
508
Notes on Younger v. Harris
516
B.
Younger's Progeny
519
1.
Meaning of "Enjoin"
520
Steffel v. Thompson
520
Notes on Steffel v. Thompson and Anticipatory Challenges
524
2.
Meaning of "Ongoing"
527
Doran v. Salem Inn, Inc
527
Notes on Doran v. Salem Inn and Interim Relief
529
3.
Meaning of "Criminal"
532
Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd
532
Notes on Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., Younger, and Civil Litigation
534
4.
Meaning of "Proceedings"
535
Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc
535
Notes on Dayton Christian Schools and Administrative Proceedings
539
5.
Meaning of "State"
539
Pennzoil Co. v. Texaco, Inc
539
Notes on Younger, Pennzoil, and Private Litigation
542
6.
Meaning of "Extraordinary Circumstances"
543
V.
Rooker-Feldman Doctrine
543
Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp
543
Notes on Rooker-Feldman in the Aftermath of Exxon
547
VI.
Preclusion
547
Allen v. McCurry
547
Notes on Preclusion and Federalism
552
Concluding Note
557
ch. Seven
Federal Law in the State Courts
559
I.
State Court Authority to Adjudicate Federal Causes of Action
560
A.
Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction
560
Tafflin v. Levitt
560
Notes on Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction
567
B.
Removal
569
1.
Suits Against Federal Officers
569
Mesa v. California
569
2.
Suits Against "Any Person Acting Under That Officer"
573
Watson v. Philip Morris
573
II.
State Court Power to Grant Relief Against Federal Officers
580
Tarble's Case
580
Notes on State Court Authority Over Federal Officers
584
III.
State Court Authority to Reject Jurisdiction Over Federal Claims
586
Haywood v. Drown
586
Notes on the Authority of State Courts to Refuse to Adjudicate Federal Claims
602
IV.
Applying State Law in Adjudicating Federal Causes of Action
603
Felder v. Casey
603
Notes on the Role of State Law in State Court Adjudication of Federal Claims
614
Dice v. Akron, Canton & Youngstown R.R.
617
Note on Conflicts Between State Rules and Federal Policy
622
ch. Eight
Supreme Court Review of State Judgments
624
I.
Establishing the Constitutional Validity of Supreme Court Review of State Judgments
626
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
627
Note on the Power of Congres to Authorize Supreme Court Review
632
II.
Scope of Supreme Court Review
633
A.
Limiting Review of Federal Issues
633
Murdock v. City of Memphis
633
Note on Murdock
637
B.
"Adequate" State Substantive Grounds
638
1.
Adequate State Substantive Grounds Will Foreclose Supreme Court Review
638
Fox Film Corp. v. Muller
639
Note on the "Adequate State Ground" Doctrine
640
2.
Determining Whether State Substantive Grounds Are Adequate
641
Indiana ex rel. Anderson v. Brand
641
Notes on "Antecedent" State Grounds
646
C.
Requirement That State Grounds Be "Independent" of Federal Law
648
State Tax Commission v. Van Cott
649
Notes on the "Independence" of State Grounds
651
III.
Ambiguous State Court Opinions
653
Michigan v. Long
654
Note on the Aftermath of Long
657
IV.
Procedural State Grounds
658
James v. Kentucky
659
Notes on State Procedural Grounds
663
V.
Final Judgment Rule
668
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
668
Notes on Appealability
678
ch. Nine
Habeas Corpus
682
I.
Introduction
684
Ex Parte Bollman & Ex Parte Swartwout
684
INS v. St. Cyr
687
Notes on Introductory Materials
690
II.
National Security Cases
695
Rasul v. Bush
695
Notes on National Security Cases
701
III.
Congress and the Writ
712
A.
Detainee Treatment Act of 2005
712
B.
Military Commissions Act of 2006
716
IV.
Suspension Clause
718
Boumediene v. Bush
718
Notes on the Suspension Clause
753
V.
Challenges to Criminal Convictions: Introduction
766
Frank v. Mangum
766
Brown v. Allen
769
Notes on Challenges to Criminal Convictions
771
VI.
Issues Cognizable
783
Teague v. Lane
783
Danforth v. Minnesota
786
Notes on the Issues Cognizable in Habeas Corpus Proceedings
794
VII.
Previous Decisions in State Court
807
Terry Williams v. Taylor
807
Notes on the Effect of Previous State Court Decisions
813
VIII.
Custody Requirement
838
Jones v. Cunningham
838
Notes on Custody
839
IX.
Exhaustion Doctrine
840
Baldwin v. Reese
840
Pitchess v. Davis
841
Rose v. Lundy
842
Notes on Exhaustion
847
X.
Procedural Default in State Court
856
Wainwright v. Sykes
856
Notes on Procedural Default
860
XI.
Additional Issues
874
A.
Statute of Limitations
875
Clay v. United States
875
Notes on the Statute of Limitations
876
B.
Finding the Facts
890
Schriro v. Landrigan
890
Michael Williams v. Taylor
893
Notes on Finding the Facts
895
C.
Appellate Review
900
Miller-El v. Cockrell
900
Notes on Appellate Review
902
D.
Second or Successive Petitions
903
Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal
903
Panetti v. Quarterman
906
Magwood v. Patterson
908
Notes on Second or Successive Petitions
917
XII.
Habeas Corpus and the Ku Klux Klan Act
921
Preiser v. Rodriguez
921
Heck v. Humphrey
922
Notes on Habeas and [§] 1983
924
ch. Ten
Congress's Authority Over Federal Jurisdiction
931
I.
Outer Boundaries of Federal Jurisdiction
932
A.
Federal Questions
933
Tennessee v. Davis
933
B.
"Ingredient" Test
937
Osborn v. Bank of the United States
938
Note on the Continuing Vitality of Osborn
941
C.
Protective Jurisdiction
941
Notes on Protective Jurisdiction
947
II.
Restricting Federal (and State) Jurisdiction
948
A.
Lower Federal Courts
949
Sheldon v. Sill
949
Notes on Congressional Power Over Lower Federal Court Jurisdiction
950
B.
Foreclosing Access to All Courts
954
C.
Congress's Power Over the Supreme Court's Jurisdiction
957
Ex Parte McCardle
959
Note on McCardle and the 1868 Statute
962
Ex Parte Yerger
962
Note on the Post-Civil War Cases
965
D.
Legislative Courts
966
Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co
967
Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n v. Schor
978
Notes on Legislative Courts
986
APPENDIX
A.
Constitution of the United States
991
B.
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure---Selected Provisions
1007
Index
1047