Employment discrimination law : cases and materials on equality in the workplace / by Dianne Avery [and others] for the Labor Law Group.
2010
KF3464 .J66 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Employment discrimination law : cases and materials on equality in the workplace / by Dianne Avery [and others] for the Labor Law Group.
Published
[St. Paul, Minn.] : Thomson/West, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KF3464 .J66 2010
Edition
Eighth edition.
ISBN
9780314190949 (cloth)
0314190945 (cloth)
9780314190932 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314190937 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314190945 (cloth)
9780314190932 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
0314190937 (pbk. ; teacher's manual)
Description
lx, 988 pages ; 26 cm + teacher's manual.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)624405559
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Local Note
Library lacks teacher's manual.
Added Author
Added Corporate Author
Table of Contents
Foreword
v
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xvii
Editorial Policy Committee
xix
Labor Law Group
xxi
Table of Cases
xxxvii
pt. 1
INTRODUCTION
ch. 1
Race and the Meaning of Equality in the Workplace
2
ch. 2
Laws Prohibiting Discrimination in Employment: An Overview
9
A.
Introduction
9
B.
Survey of Major Federal Laws on Employment Discrimination
10
Note: The Eleventh Amendment as a Bar to Civil Claims for Damages Against States
16
Notes: Other Remedies for Employment Discrimination
20
C.
Enforcement Schemes
20
1.
Administrative Exhaustion
22
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co
27
Notes and Questions
34
2.
Judicial Enforcement
38
D.
Coverage Under Laws Prohibiting Discrimination in Employment
41
1.
Meaning of "Race" and "Color"
42
St Francis College v. Al-Khazraji
42
Notes and Questions
44
Notes: Intersectionality
47
2.
Who Is an "Employee"?
49
Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates v. Wells
50
Notes and Questions
52
3.
Meaning of "Employer"
54
4.
Meaning of an "Employment Practice"
56
Note: Extraterritorial Application of Discrimination Laws
57
5.
Union Liability for Discrimination
57
Notes and Questions
61
E.
Remedies
65
1.
Basic Remedial Principles
66
2.
Reinstatement
67
3.
Back Pay
70
4.
Front Pay
72
5.
Compensatory and Punitive Damages
73
6.
Liquidated Damages
78
7.
Taxation of Awards
79
8.
Attorney's Fees
80
Note: Insuring Against Employment Discrimination Claims
84
pt. 2
THEORIES OF DISCRIMINATION AND ANALYTICAL PARADIGMS
ch. 3
Disparate Treatment
88
A.
Introduction: The Meaning and Theories of "Discrimination"
88
Questions
90
B.
Disparate Treatment Claims
90
1.
Foundations
92
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
92
Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters
95
Notes and Questions
98
Note: Discrimination and Critical Race Theory
100
Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine
104
Notes and Questions
109
St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks
118
Notes and Questions
124
Note: The Perjurious Client and a Lawyer's Ethical Obligations
130
Note: The Same-Actor Defense
131
Note: "Reverse Discrimination" Claims
133
2.
Mixed-Motive Cases and the Civil Rights Act of 1991
134
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
134
Notes and Questions
142
Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa
145
Notes and Questions
151
Note: The "Cat's Paw" Theory
155
C.
Retaliation
159
1.
Introduction
159
2.
Analytical Framework for Retaliation Claims
160
3.
Scope of Statutorily Protected Activity
164
Notesand Questions
166
Crawford v. Metropolitan Government
168
Notes and Questions
173
Clark County School District v. Breeden
176
Notes and Questions
177
4.
Meaning of "Discriminate Against"---A Materially Adverse Action
178
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway v. White
178
Notes and Questions
187
5.
Causation
191
Clark County School District v. Breeden
191
Notes and Questions
193
D.
Statistical Evidence and Pattern-or-Practice Cases
195
Teamsters v. United States
196
Hazelwood School District v. United States
199
Notes and Questions
204
Note: Class Certification in Employment Discrimination Cases
214
ch. 4
Disparate Impact
217
A.
Introduction
217
B.
Theory of Disparate Impact
218
1.
Objective Criteria
218
Griggs v. Duke Power Co
218
Notes and Questions
223
Note: The Legitimacy of the Disparate Impact Theory
229
2.
Bottom-Line Defense
231
Connecticut v. Teal
231
Notes and Questions
237
3.
Subjective Criteria
239
Watson v. Fort Worth Bank & Trust
239
Notes and Questions
244
4.
Griggs Revisited
245
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio
245
Notes and Questions
252
C.
Civil Rights Act of 1991 and Contemporary Disparate Impact Doctrine
254
Lanning v. SEPTA (Lanning I)
254
Lanning v. SEPTA (Lanning II)
259
Notes and Questions
264
D.
Remedying the Disparate Impact of Selection Procedures
267
Ricci v. DeStefano
267
Notes and Questions
287
ch. 5
Equal Protection and the Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts
289
A.
Introduction: The Legacy of the Reconstruction-Era Reforms
289
B.
Equal Protection: The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
292
Washington v. Davis
293
Notes and Questions
299
Note: The Analytical Framework and the Burden of Proof in Equal Protection Cases
304
C.
Civil Rights Act of 1866, 42 U.S.C. [§] 1981
307
1.
Theory of Liability
308
General Building Contractors Association v. Pennsylvania
308
Notes and Questions
312
2.
Section 1981 Remedies and Procedural Requirements
316
Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Son
317
Notes and Questions
320
ch. 6
Evidentiary Frameworks for Status Discrimination: An Underview
323
Questions
328
pt. 3
SPECIFIC CATEGORIES OF DISCRIMINATION
ch. 7
Discrimination Because of Sex
331
A.
Introduction and Historical Overview
331
B.
What Is Discrimination "Because of Sex"?
336
City of Los Angeles Department of Water & Power v. Manhart
337
Notes and Questions
340
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
342
Notes and Questions
346
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc
348
Notes and Questions
351
C.
Systemic Claims and the Glass Ceiling
355
D.
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification Defense to Sex Discrimination
358
International Union, United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls
363
Notes and Questions
374
Note: A Privacy-Based BFOQ
381
E.
Sex-Based Dress, Grooming, and Appearance Requirements
385
Jespersen v. Harrah's Operating Co
387
Notes and Questions
399
ch. 8
Discrimination Because of Pregnancy and Family Responsibilities
406
A.
Introduction and Historical Overview
406
B.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
408
1.
Meaning of "Discrimination on the Basis of Pregnancy"
412
Troupe v. May Department Stores Co
412
Notes and Questions
415
2.
Scope of "Related Medical Conditions" Under the PDA
422
Erickson v. Bartell Drug Co
423
Notes and Questions
429
C.
Discrimination Against Caregivers
433
1.
Family Responsibilities Discrimination
435
Chadwick v. Wellpoint, Inc
435
Notes and Questions
440
2.
Family and Medical Leave Act
443
Notes and Questions
444
ch. 9
Discrimination Because of Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression, and Gender Identity
453
A.
Introduction
453
1.
Definitions
454
2.
Federal Legislative Reform Proposals---The Employment Non-Discrimination Act
457
3.
Federal Government Employment Nondiscrimination Policies
458
4.
State and Local Nondiscrimination Laws and Ordinances
459
B.
Discrimination Because of Sexual Orientation
460
Notes and Questions
463
C.
Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Expression or Gender Identity
468
Smith v. City of Salem, Ohio
469
Notes and Questions
474
D.
Sexual Harassment of Sexual Minorities
477
Rene v. MGM Grand Hotel, Inc
478
Notes and Questions
484
E.
Alternative Sources of Employment Rights for LGBT Individuals
489
Notes and Questions
489
Note: "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" in the Armed Forces
494
ch. 10
Harassment
497
A.
Introduction
497
B.
Harassment Because of Sex
498
1.
Estimating the Prevalence and Costs of Workplace Sexual Harassment
498
2.
Two Theories of Sexual Harassment: Quid Pro Quo and Hostile Work Environment
500
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson
504
Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc
508
Notes and Questions
512
Note: Alternative Theories of Liability for Sexual Harassment
527
3.
Same-Sex Harassment: The Impact of Oncale on Harassment Law
529
Notes and Questions
531
C.
Employer Liability for Discriminatory Harassment
538
1.
Vicarious Liability: Harassment by Supervisors
539
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth
539
Notes and Questions
549
Note: Claims Arising Out of Paramour Preferential Treatment and the Termination of Consensual Sexual Relationships
553
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
557
Notes and Questions
562
Note: Section 1983 Suits for Sexual Harassment
574
Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders
574
Notes and Questions
580
2.
Liability for Negligence: Harassment by Co-Workers and Nonem-ployees
583
Notes and Questions
585
Note: Timely Filing of Harassment Charges---The Morgan Case
588
Note: Reprisals Against Employees Who Cooperate in Internal Investigations---The Crawford Case
590
D.
Harassment Because of Race
591
Harris v. International Paper Co
591
Notes and Questions
594
ch. 11
Sex-Based Wage Discrimination
600
A.
Introduction: The Gender Wage Gap
600
B.
Equal Pay Act of 1963
605
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan
605
Notes and Questions
612
C.
Bennett Amendment to Title VII: Reconciling the Equal Pay Act and Title VII
618
Notes and Questions
621
Note: Comparable Worth
624
Note: Pension Benefits
627
ch. 12
Discrimination Because of Religion
629
A.
Introduction: Statutory Overview
629
B.
Meaning of "Religion"
632
Notes and Questions
634
C.
Religious Entity Exemptions
636
Questions
638
Note: The "Ministerial Exception" to Title VII Discrimination Claims Against Religious Institutions
639
D.
Establishing a Prima Facie Case
641
EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc.
641
Notes and Questions
645
Note: The Bona Fide Occupational Qualification Defense
647
E.
Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship
649
Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison
649
Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook
656
Notes and Questions
659
Note: Unions, Religious Discrimination Claims, and the Charity Substitution Rule
664
Note: Religious Freedom and Laws Prohibiting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
666
Note: Harassment Because of Religion
667
Note: Disparate Impact Religious Discrimination Claims Under Title VII
669
F.
Claims Against Government Employers
669
Brown v. Polk County, Iowa
669
Notes and Questions
677
ch. 13
Discrimination Because of National Origin
681
A.
Introduction
681
B.
Meaning of "National Origin"
684
Dawavendewa v. Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement & Power District
685
Notes and Questions
688
Notes: Native Americans
692
Note: National Origin and the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification Defense
694
Note: Harassment Because of National Origin
694
C.
Citizenship and Immigration Status
696
1.
Citizenship Requirements
697
Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co
697
Notes and Questions
701
2.
Undocumented Workers and Title VII
704
D.
National Origin Discrimination Based on Language and Accent
706
1.
English Proficiency as a Job Requirement
706
2.
English-Only Requirements for Bilingual Employees
707
Pacheco v. New York Presbyterian Hospital
707
EEOC v. Sephora U.S.A., LLC
715
Notes and Questions
720
3.
Accent Discrimination as National Origin Discrimination
724
In re Rodriguez
724
Notes and Questions
729
ch. 14
Discrimination Because of Age
733
A.
Introduction
733
Note: ADEA Claims Against States
734
B.
Disparate Treatment
734
Note: O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp
735
Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins
737
Notes and Questions
742
Sperling v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
743
Notes and Questions
748
Note: Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC
751
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
756
Notes and Questions
763
Note: Sex-Plus-Age Claims
764
Note: The Bona Fide Occupational Qualification Defense
767
Note: Hostile Work Environment Claims Under the ADEA
769
C.
Disparate Impact
769
Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi
769
Notes and Questions
776
Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
778
Notes and Questions
783
D.
Separations and Waivers
784
Oubre v. Entergy Operations, Inc.
785
Notes and Questions
788
Note: Employee Benefits
793
Note: Reduction-in-Force or Downsizing Cases
794
ch. 15
Discrimination Because of Disability
801
A.
Introduction
801
Notes
806
B.
Meaning of "Discrimination" Under the ADA
807
Raytheon v. Hernandez
808
US Airways, Inc. v. Barnett
813
Notes and Questions
825
Huber v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
827
Notes and Questions
830
Note: Association Discrimination
831
Note: Hostile Work Environment Claims Under the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act
833
C.
Meaning of "Disability"
834
Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc.
834
Note: Sutton's Companion Cases---Murphy v. UPS and Albertson's v. Kirkingburg
842
Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams
843
Note: The ADA Amendments Act of 2008
846
Notes and Questions
848
D.
Qualifications, Direct Threat, and Undue Hardship
851
1.
Qualification Standards
851
Questions
854
2.
Qualification Standards and the Direct Threat Defense
854
Notes and Questions
855
Note: Threats to a Worker's Own Health or Safety
857
Notes and Questions
859
3.
Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship
860
Vande Zande v. Wisconsin Department of Administration
860
Notes and Questions
866
E.
Medical Inquiries, Medical Examinations, and Medical Benefits
868
1.
Medical Inquiries and Examinations Under the ADA
868
Questions
872
2.
Genetic Testing and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
873
Question
874
3.
Medical Benefits Under the ADA
874
Questions
877
pt. 4
IMPLEMENTING EQUALITY
ch. 16
Affirmative Action
880
A.
Introduction
880
B.
Evolution of Affirmative Action as a Remedy
884
C.
Equal Protection Challenges to Affirmative Action Plans
886
Notes and Questions
891
D.
Affirmative Action Under Federal Antidiscrimination Statutes
897
1.
Affirmative Action and Title VII's Equality Principle
897
United Steelworkers of America v. Weber
897
Notes and Questions
905
2.
Evaluating the Legitimacy of Affirmative Action Under Title VII
908
Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County
908
Notes and Questions
919
Note: Affirmative Action and the Civil Rights Act of 1991
923
pt. 5
ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
ch. 17
Arbitration of Employment Discrimination Claims
926
A.
Introduction
926
B.
Arbitration of Employment Discrimination Claims in Nonunion Workplaces
927
1.
Arbitrability
927
Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams
929
Notes and Questions
938
2.
Arbitration Agreement
942
Notes and Questions
944
Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Najd
948
Notes and Questions
950
Morrison v. Circuit City Stores, Inc.
951
Notes and Questions
955
Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams
957
Notes and Questions
960
3.
Arbitral Result
962
Cole v. Burns International Security Services
962
Notes and Questions
963
C.
Arbitration of Employment Discrimination Claims in Unionized Workplaces
965
14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett
968
Notes and Questions
973
Index
975