Biotechnology regulation and trade / Stuart J. Smyth, William A. Kerr, Peter W.B. Phillips.
2017
K3927 .S69 2017 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Biotechnology regulation and trade / Stuart J. Smyth, William A. Kerr, Peter W.B. Phillips.
Published
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2017]
Copyright
©2017
Call Number
K3927 .S69 2017
ISBN
9783319532936 hardcover
3319532936 hardcover
3319532936 hardcover
Description
xxi, 275 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)967853208
Summary
"This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global food security. The first section of the book establishes the context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of genetically modified (GM) crops. ... The second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state of international GM crop adoption and regulaton, highlighting the US, Canada, and the EU. The final section ... identifies options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that presently exist."--Back cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
pt. I
Dynamics of Transformative Innovation
1.
GM Crop Development: Solution or Another Problem?
3
Twenty Years of Biotechnology Benefits
3
Global Distribution of Benefits
4
North America
5
South America
6
India
7
China
8
Philippines
9
Africa
9
Summary of Economic Benefits
10
Implications
12
References
13
2.
Winners and Losers from Innovation and Trade
17
Introduction
17
Background
18
Methodology
21
GM-Based Technological Change
26
Conclusions
30
References
31
3.
Domestic Regulatory Approval Costs
33
Introduction
33
Background
34
Meta-analysis
35
Data
37
Constructed Cost Analyses
40
Economic Welfare Analysis
45
Industry Estimates
46
Empirical Analysis
47
Conclusion and Implications
51
References
52
4.
Global Trade Impacts from Low Level Presence
55
Introduction
55
Background
56
Theoretical Considerations
59
Practical Effects
61
Conclusions
70
References
72
pt. II
Dynamics of the Institutional Regulatory Architecture
5.
International Governance in the 21st Century
77
Introduction
77
International Trade Model, Circa 1947
79
Exceptions: Discrimination
87
Protection of Public Morals
88
Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources
88
Marks of Origin
88
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
89
Technical Barriers to Trade
89
Marginalized Members of Civil Society
90
Consequences of the Inability to Accommodate New Protectionists
93
Need for a New Economic Model for the Governance of International Trade
94
References
95
6.
Governance Challenges from Transformative Technologies
99
Introduction
99
Regulatory Innovation
101
Risk Analysis Framework
107
Regulatory Void
109
Intellectual Architecture
112
Risk Analysis and the Precautionary Principle
112
International Trade
114
Intellectual Property
115
Is There a Way Forward?
117
Only a Few Steps Along the Way
121
References
122
7.
Impact of Barriers to Trade on Investment
125
Introduction
125
Science-Based Decision-Making and Trade Barriers
129
Costs of Incomplete International Regulations
137
Framework for Analysis
141
Whither Science-Based Trade Regulations?
143
References
144
8.
International Treaty Precedence
147
Introduction
147
When International Agreements Conflict---What Is the Law?
148
Socio-economic Considerations
152
Critical Assessment of SEC Regulations
158
Labor Impacts
158
Intellectual Property Rights
160
Religious/Cultural
160
Market Access and Trade
162
Consumer Choice
163
Policy Implications
164
References
166
pt. III
Breaking the Gridlock
9.
Refining the Risk Analysis Framework
171
Introduction
171
International Scope of Science-Based Risk Assessment
173
Politicization of Risk
175
Socio-economic Regulatory Frameworks
179
Conclusions
183
References
183
10.
Coexistence Policies and Strategies
187
Introduction
187
Coexistence in Theory and Practice
188
Efficient Markets and Coexistence
190
Market-Making Actors
192
Critical Assessment of the Challenges of Coexistence
193
Morality of Sustaining Choice
193
Lemons Problem
194
Standards
199
Labeling
200
WTO and Low Level Presence
201
Conclusions
208
References
209
11.
Multilateral Trade Negotiation Options
213
Introduction
213
Background
214
Institutional Analysis and Development Framework
219
New Intellectual Architecture?
220
Nationalized Regulation and Governance
223
Development of Expertise in Specialized Institutions
224
Industry-Based Management
225
Intergovernmental Negotiations
225
Reference to `Eminent Persons'
227
Disputes and Case Law
228
Parallel or Convergent Paths
229
Conclusions
232
References
232
12.
Labeling and Preferential Trade Deals
235
Introduction
235
Labeling in the Multilateral Rules of Trade
237
Can Preferential Trade Agreements Resolve Gm Labeling Concerns?
240
Members of Preferential Trade Agreements and Non-members
243
What Can One Expect for Agricultural Biotechnology from the T-TIP, TPP and CETA?
245
Conclusions
248
References
249
13.
Liability and Redress Regimes
251
Introduction
251
Compensation Funds as Ex Ante Commitments
253
African Agricultural Commodity Exports
254
Dimensions and Structure of a Credible Liability Fund
257
Conclusions
261
References
261
14.
Alternate Futures for Food Security
263
Introduction
263
State of Play in the World of GM Crops
264
New International Economic (Dis)order?
268
References
271
Index
273