Grievance guide / by Karen L. Ertel.
2012
HD6972.5 .G74 2012 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
Grievance guide / by Karen L. Ertel.
Uniform Title
Grievance guide.
Published
Arlington, VA : Bloomberg BNA, 2012.
Call Number
HD6972.5 .G74 2012
Edition
Thirteenth edition.
ISBN
9781617460951
1617460958
1617460958
Description
xxv, 645 pages ; 23 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)815043639
Note
Revised edition of: Grievance guide / by the BNA editorial staff. 12th edition c2008.
Record Appears in
Added Corporate Author
Table of Contents
Preface
iii
Introduction
v
pt. 1
Discharge and Discipline: In General
I.
Just Cause for Discipline
3
Overview
3
Summary of Cases
3
A.
Seven Tests of Just Cause
3
B.
Just Cause Determinations
4
II.
Disciplinary Procedures
7
Overview
7
Summary of Cases
8
A.
Workplace Rules and Policies
8
B.
Communication of Rules
9
C.
Consistent Rule Enforcement
10
D.
Due Process Rights
10
E.
Union Involvement
11
F.
Union Representation
11
III.
Proving Misconduct
15
Overview
15
Summary of Cases
15
A.
Determining Degree of Proof
15
B.
Types of Evidence
17
1.
Post-Discharge Evidence
18
C.
Witnesses
19
1.
Witness Interviews
19
D.
Unnamed or Biased Accusers
20
E.
Searches
20
F.
Surveillance
21
1.
Time Cards
21
G.
Polygraph Tests
22
IV.
Types of Penalties
25
Overview
25
Summary of Cases
26
A.
Progressive Discipline
26
B.
Warnings
27
C.
Suspension
28
D.
Discharge
28
E.
Last-Chance Agreements
29
F.
Discharge or Resignation?
29
G.
Demotion
30
H.
Restitution
31
I.
Double Jeopardy and Delays
31
1.
Court and Employer Penalties
31
2.
Delays and Staggered Discipline
32
J.
Back Pay
32
K.
Conditional Reinstatement
32
L.
Management Also at Fault
32
pt. 2
Discharge and Discipline: Categories
I.
Absenteeism & Tardiness
37
Overview
37
Summary of Cases
38
A.
Discharge for Absenteeism and Tardiness
38
B.
Documentation of Need for Leave
39
C.
Reasons for Absenteeism
39
1.
Illness or Injury of Employee
39
2.
Illness of Family Member
41
3.
Weather Conditions
42
4.
Religious Beliefs
43
5.
Alcoholism
43
6.
Imprisonment
44
D.
Notice, Documentation Requirements
45
1.
Lack of Notice
45
2.
Defective Notice
46
3.
Documentation Following Absence
46
E.
Tardiness
47
1.
Establishing Tardiness
47
2.
Tightening Rules on Tardiness
48
E.
Other Attendance-Related Issues
48
1.
Absence on Usual Day Off
49
2.
Failure to Return to Work
49
3.
Ambiguous or Inconsistent Enforcement Policy
50
G.
Effect of Unionization
50
II.
Abusive Behavior
53
Overview
53
Summary of Cases
54
A.
Physical Assault
54
B.
Off-Duty Misconduct
55
C.
Threats and Intimidation
55
D.
Abusive Language
58
1.
Profanity
58
2.
"Liar"
59
3.
Discriminatory Comments
59
E.
Disrespectiful Attitude
60
F.
Disparaging Remarks About Company Management
60
G.
Mitigating Circumstances
61
III.
Damaging Employer Property
63
Overview
63
Summary of Cases
63
A.
Intent
63
B.
Vandalism
65
C.
Sabotage
66
IV.
Discourtesy
69
Overview
69
Summary of Cases
69
A.
Evidence and Due Process
69
1.
Adequate Warning
71
B.
Categories of Employment
71
1.
Cashiers, Retail Workers
71
2.
Health Care Workers
72
3.
Drivers
73
4.
Law Enforcement
74
5.
School Districts
75
6.
Waitstaff
75
C.
Employer Discourtesy
75
V.
Dishonesty & Theft
77
Overview
77
Summary of Cases
78
A.
Falsification of Job Applications
78
1.
Employment History and Qualifications
78
2.
Criminal Convictions
79
3.
Medical Information
81
B.
Falsification of Work Records
82
C.
Falsification of Time Records
83
1.
Absence Claims
84
D.
Falsification Related to Benefits
85
E.
Theft and Pilferage
85
1.
Expense Account Reimbursement
86
2.
Circumstantial Evidence of Theft
87
3.
Theft-Related Searches
87
4.
Arrests for Theft
88
F.
Making False Statements
88
G.
Lie-Detector Limitations
89
VI.
Dress & Grooming
91
Overview
91
Summary of Cases
92
A.
Management Right to Establish and Enforce Reasonable Rules
92
B.
Justification Requirements
92
C.
Bargaining Requirements
93
D.
Public Image
94
E.
Health and Safety Concerns
95
1.
No-Beard Rules
96
F.
Revealing or Offensive Attire
97
G.
Discrimination and Accommodation
98
VII.
Drug Abuse
101
Overview
101
Summary of Cases
102
A.
Enforcement of Drug Policies
102
B.
Last-Chance Agreements
103
C.
Safety Considerations
103
D.
Nature of Abused Drug
104
E.
Evidence of Drug Involvement
105
1.
Witnesses
105
2.
Undercover Agents
105
3.
Supervisors or Co-workers
106
F.
Equal Treatment for Abusers
107
G.
Off-Duty Drug Use
107
H.
Arrest on Drug Charges
108
I.
Conviction on Drug Charges
109
VIII.
Drug Testing
111
Overview
111
Summary of Cases
112
A.
Negotiating Testing Policies
112
B.
Zero-Tolerance Policies
113
C.
For-Cause Testing
115
1.
Post-Accident Testing
115
2.
Safety Considerations
116
D.
Kinds of Testing
117
1.
Random Testing
117
E.
Off-Duty Testing
118
F.
Proof of Impairment
119
G.
Refusing to Test
120
H.
Volunteering to Test
121
I.
Privacy During Test Procedures
121
J.
Sample Problems, Testing Protocols
122
1.
Problems with Test Samples
122
2.
Soundness of Test Procedures
123
3.
Types of Testing Procedures
124
IX.
Electronic Communications & Technology
127
Overview
127
Summary of Cases
127
A.
Policy and Enforcement Issues
127
B.
Social Media/Internet
129
C.
Sexual or Obscene Content
130
D.
Offensive or Discriminatory Content
132
E.
Computer Control Issues
133
F.
Cell Phone Usage
135
1.
Workplace Security Issues
135
2.
Drivers
136
X.
Gambling
137
Overview
137
Summary of Cases
137
A.
Rationale for Discipline
137
B.
Nature of the Offense
138
1.
Organized Gambling
138
2.
Unorganized Gambling
139
XI.
Garnishment
141
Overview
141
Summary of Cases
142
A.
Rules and Warnings
142
B.
Disciplinary Actions Overturned
144
1.
Extenuating Circumstances
144
XII.
Horseplay
145
Overview
145
Summary of Cases
145
A.
Severity of Conduct
145
1.
Fire Hazards
147
B.
Penalty Reductions
147
C.
Racial or Sexual Conduct
148
XIII.
Incompetence
151
Overview
151
Summary of Cases
152
A.
Evidence and Due Process
152
B.
Performance Standards
153
1.
Sales Employees
155
2.
Health Care Workers
155
XIV.
Intoxication & Alcoholism
157
Overview
157
Summary of Cases
158
A.
Anti-Alcohol Policies
158
B.
Evidence of Intoxication
159
1.
Alcohol Testing
159
2.
Refusal to Submit to Testing
161
C.
Evidence of Alcohol Possession
161
D.
Rehabilitation v. Discharge
162
1.
Employee Assistance Programs
163
2.
Last-Chance Agreements
163
E.
Off-Duty Drinking
164
R.
Holiday Drinking
165
XV.
Negligence
167
Overview
167
Summary of Cases
168
A.
Gross Negligence
168
B.
Repeated Negligence or Carelessness
169
C.
Neglect of Duty or Responsibility
170
D.
Accidents and Recklessness
171
1.
Accident Proneness
171
2.
Recklessness
171
3.
Driving Accidents
172
XVI.
Off-Duty Misconduct
175
Overview
175
Summary of Cases
176
A.
Reach of Employer Policies
176
1.
Threats, Fighting, and Assaults
176
2.
Challenge to Policies
177
B.
Adverse Impact
177
C.
Public Employees
179
1.
Public Perception/Morality Issues
179
2.
Police Officers
179
D.
Just Cause for Discipline
180
E.
Effect of Arrest
181
F.
Conviction Considerations
182
G.
Effect of Acquittal
183
H.
Off-Duty Sexual Activities
183
XVII.
Outside Employment & Moonlighting
187
Overview
187
Summary of Cases
187
A.
Moonlighting Policy Implementation
187
1.
Conflict-of-Interest Policies
188
2.
Conflicts of Interest in Journalism
189
B.
Leave Abuse and Dishonesty
189
C.
Working for Competitors
191
D.
Personal Business Ventures
191
E.
Other Adverse Effects
192
XVIII.
Refusal to Obey Directives
195
Overview
195
Summary of Cases
196
A.
General Rules
196
1.
Refusal to Obey Directives
196
2.
Refusal to Carry Out Assignments
198
3.
Refusal to Follow Rules and Procedures
199
B.
Work Schedules and Overtime
200
1.
Overtime Requirements
201
2.
Health and Endurance
201
3.
Religious Conflicts
202
4.
Personal Hardship
202
C.
Safety and Working Conditions
203
1.
Hazardous Versus Uncomfortable
203
2.
Medical Restrictions
204
D.
Conflicting Laws or Regulations
205
XIX.
Sexual Harassment
207
Overview
207
Summary of Cases
208
A.
Discharge or Discipline Upheld
208
1.
Cases Involving Discharge
208
2.
Cases Involving Lesser Discipline
211
B.
Penalties Overturned or Reduced
212
1.
Punishment Found Inappropriate
213
C.
Harassment of Third Parties
215
D.
Other Issues in Harassment Cases
216
1.
Employer's Burden of Proof
216
2.
Conflicting Testimony
216
3.
Delays in Filing Complaints
217
XX.
Sleeping & Loafing
219
Overview
219
Summary of Cases
220
A.
Penalty for Sleeping
220
1.
Intentional Sleeping
220
2.
First Offense
220
B.
Sleeping During Break
221
C.
Proof of Sleeping on Job
222
D.
Mitigating Factors
222
1.
Sleep Apnea
223
E.
Loafing
223
1.
Notice
223
2.
Discipline for Loafing
224
XXI.
Strike-Related Activities
225
Overview
225
Summary of Cases
226
A.
Unlawful Work Stoppages & Slowdowns
226
1.
Honoring Picket Line
227
2.
Wildcat Strikes
228
B.
Use of Selective Discipline
229
1.
Union Leadership
229
C.
Misconduct During Lawful Strikes
230
1.
Mitigating Factors
232
D.
Post-Strike
232
XXII.
Union Activity
235
Overview
235
Summary of Cases
235
A.
Grievance Investigation, Processing, and Bargaining
235
B.
Leave for Union Business
237
C.
Confrontations With Supervisors
237
D.
Disrupting Management Authority
239
XXIII.
Workplace Violence
241
Overview
241
Summary of Cases
241
A.
Fighting and Assaults
241
1.
Mitigating Factors
243
B.
Threats of Violence
243
C.
Off-Duty Violence or Threats
245
D.
Weapons in the Workplace
246
pt. 3
Safety and Health
I.
Safety
251
Overview
251
Summary of Cases
252
A.
Reasonableness of Safety Rules
252
B.
Discharge for Safety Infractions
252
C.
Progressive Discipline
254
D.
Consistency of Enforcement
255
E.
Worker Knowledge of Safety Rules
255
F.
Ensuring Safe Working Conditions
256
G.
Failure to Use Safety Equipment
257
H.
Vehicle Violations
257
I.
Smoking
258
II.
Smoking Restrictions
259
Overview
259
Summary of Cases
259
A.
Smoking Restrictions Upheld
259
B.
Smoking Restrictions Overturned
262
C.
Discipline for Smoking Violations
263
pt. 4
Seniority and Its Application
I.
Seniority
267
Overview
267
Summary of Cases
268
A.
Seniority Units
268
B.
Seniority Starting Date
268
C.
Employment Status Changes
269
D.
Seniority of Demoted Supervisors
270
E.
Employment Interruptions
270
1.
Unauthorized Absences
271
F.
Ownership Changes and Mergers
272
G.
Seniority and Probation
273
H.
Union Officials' Seniority
273
1.
Loss of Superseniority
274
I.
Challenging Seniority Standings
274
1.
Responsibility for Seniority Error
275
II.
Order of Layoff
277
Overview
277
Summary of Cases
278
A.
Seniority Versus Ability
278
1.
Sufficient Ability
278
2.
Relative Ability
279
3.
Employee Assessments
281
B.
Superseniority in Layoffs
282
1.
Designations by Management
282
C.
Layoff of Probationary Employees
282
D.
Temporary or Emergency Layoffs
283
III.
Layoff Notice & Pay
285
Overview
285
Summary of Cases
285
A.
Notice or Pay Required?
285
B.
Adequacy of Layoff Notices
287
1.
Timing of Notices
287
C.
Temporary or Short-Term Layoffs
288
IV.
Bumping Rights
289
Overview
289
Summary of Cases
290
A.
Existence of Bumping Rights
290
B.
Scope and Application of Rights
290
1.
Terms of Contract
292
2.
Notice of Bumping Rights
292
C.
Control Over Bumping Options
292
1.
`Less Senior' Versus `Least Senior'
293
D.
Ability, Skills, Qualifications, and Prior Experience
294
1.
Experience Requirements
296
2.
Testing Issues
296
E.
Trial and Training Periods
297
F.
Upward Bumping
298
G.
Bumping During Brief Layoffs
299
H.
Responsibility to Initiate Bumping
300
I.
Right to Refuse Downgrading
301
V.
Worksharing
303
Overview
303
Summary of Cases
303
A.
Worksharing Arrangements Upheld
303
1.
Group Affected by Worksharing
305
B.
Worksharing Arrangements Rejected
305
1.
Contract Terms Allow Reduced Hours
306
VI.
Recall From Layoff
309
Overview
309
Summary of Cases
310
A.
Seniority Versus Ability
310
B.
Type of Seniority Used in Recalls
312
C.
Superseniority for Union Officials
313
D.
Recall Scheduling, Notification, and Response
315
1.
Pay Issues Related to Delays
316
E.
Refusal to Accept Proffered Job
317
F.
Fitness Standards and Examinations
318
pt. 5
Disability
I.
Disability
323
Overview
323
Summary of Cases
324
A.
Lack of Protected Status
324
B.
Medical Evidence
325
1.
Return to Work
327
C.
Reasonable Accommodation
328
1.
Demotion
330
D.
Seniority Versus Accommodation
330
E.
Mental Illness
331
F.
Vision Impairments
333
G.
Chemical Sensitivity, Allergies
333
H.
Obesity and Hypertension
334
I.
Epilepsy
335
pt. 6
Leave
I.
Arranging Leave
339
Overview
339
Summary of Cases
339
A.
Leave Arrangement Procedures
339
B.
Adequacy of Notice
341
C.
Return to Work After Leave
342
D.
Leave Cancellations
343
II.
Paid Sick Leave
345
Overview
345
Summary of Cases
346
A.
Eligibility for Sick Leave
346
1.
Doctors' Statements
346
2.
Illness of a Family Member
348
B.
Falsified Sick Leave Claims
348
C.
Sick Leave During Other Absences
349
D.
Sick Pay and Other Compensation
350
E.
Return-to-Work Examinations
351
F.
Involuntary Sick Leave
352
III.
Personal, Jury Duty & Funeral Leave
353
Overview
353
Summary of Cases
354
A.
Personal Leave
354
1.
Falsified Leave Requests
355
B.
Jury Duty Leave
356
1.
Court Leave
357
C.
Funeral or Bereavement Leave
358
1.
Timing of Leave
359
2.
Funeral Leave and Other Absences
361
IV.
Leave for Union Business
363
Overview
363
Summary of Cases
363
A.
Disputes Over Leave Restrictions
363
1.
`Official time' for Federal Employees
365
B.
Grievance and Arbitration Activities
366
1.
Arbitration Hearings
367
C.
Leave for Local Union Officers
368
V.
Maternity, Paternity & Adoption Leave
371
Overview
371
Summary of Cases
372
A.
Maternity Leave
372
1.
Use of Paid Sick Leave
373
2.
Benefits Considerations
374
3.
Return-to-Work Issues
375
B.
Paternity Leave
376
C.
Adoption Leave
376
VI.
Family and Medical Leave
379
Overview
379
Summary of Cases
380
A.
Law and Contract Interplay
380
1.
Minimum Standards
381
B.
Eligibility for Leave
382
1.
"Serious Health Condition"
383
2.
Leave Request and Documentation Requirements
384
C.
Protection of Covered Absences
386
D.
Paid or Unpaid Leave?
387
1.
Forced Substitution of Paid Leave
387
2.
Employees' Rights Regarding Usage of Paid Sick Leave
388
E.
Leave Falsification or Abuse
389
F.
Return-to-Work Issues
390
pt. 7
Promotion and Transfer
I.
Posting of Vacancies & Bidding
395
Overview
395
Summary of Cases
395
A.
Job Posting Requirements
395
1.
Job Elimination or Reassignment of Duties
397
2.
Posting of Temporary Jobs
398
3.
Information and Notification Requirements
399
B.
Eligibility for Bidding
400
1.
Lateral and Downward Bids
401
C.
Trial and Training Periods
401
II.
Bases for Promotion
403
Overview
403
Summary of Cases
404
A.
Seniority and Sufficient Ability
404
B.
Promotion Under Hybrid Clauses
405
1.
Education and Certification Requirements
406
C.
Ability as Primary Consideration
407
D.
Bias Against Union Representatives
409
E.
Hiring From the Outside
409
F.
Promotion to Supervisory Positions
411
III.
Measurement of Ability
413
Overview
413
Summary of Cases
413
A.
Tests as Measure of Ability
413
1.
Use of Aptitude Tests
415
2.
Employer's Failure to Test
416
3.
Employee's Refusal to Take Test
416
B.
Assessing Ability in Trial Periods
417
1.
Training Versus Trial Period
418
C.
Other Measures of Ability
419
1.
Discrimination Issues
420
IV.
Transfer
421
Overview
421
Summary of Cases
421
A.
Right to Implement Transfers
421
1.
Seniority Considerations
423
2.
Transfers for Safety or Health Reasons
424
B.
Transfers Desired by Employees
425
C.
Pay Issues Related to Transfers
425
D.
Transfers Involving Union Officials
426
pt. 8
Vacations
I.
Vacation Eligibility
431
Overview
431
Summary of Cases
431
A.
Service Requirements
431
B.
Effect of Time Away From Work on Vacation Eligibility
433
1.
Effect of Layoffs
433
2.
Effect of Strikes
434
3.
Effect of Time Missed for Medical Reasons
435
4.
Effect of Union Leave
436
C.
Termination and Retirement
436
D.
Shutdowns and Ownership Changes
438
1.
Shutdowns
438
2.
Ownership Changes
438
II.
Vacation Scheduling
441
Overview
441
Summary of Cases
441
A.
`Subject to Business Requirements'
441
B.
Seniority as a Factor
444
C.
Vacations During Shutdowns
445
D.
Vacation Leave and Sick Leave
446
III.
Vacation Pay
447
Overview
447
Summary of Cases
447
A.
Payment for Unused Vacation
447
1.
Unused Vacation of Deceased Workers
449
B.
Effect of Layoffs and Shutdowns
449
C.
Effect of Strikes
450
D.
Effect of Workers' Compensation
451
E.
Vacation Pay Calculations
452
1.
Pay for Time Not Worked
453
2.
Varying Pay Rates
454
3.
Contract Changes
454
4.
Workweek Changes
455
pt. 9
Holidays
I.
Eligibility for Holiday Pay
459
Overview
459
Summary of Cases
460
A.
Work Requirements
460
1.
Partial Absences
460
2.
Failure to Work on a Holiday
461
3.
Union Business
462
B.
Effect of Absences on Eligibility
462
1.
Absences for Medical Reasons
462
2.
Inclement Weather
464
C.
Effect of Vacations on Eligibility
464
D.
Effect of Strikes on Eligibility
465
1.
Refusal to Cross Picket Lines
466
E.
Effect of Shutdowns and Layoffs
466
F.
Holidays on Nonwork Days
468
G.
Ad Hoc Holidays
469
II.
Pay for Holiday Work
471
Overview
471
Summary of Cases
471
A.
Holiday Premiums
471
B.
Premium Pay Combinations
473
1.
Past Practice
474
C.
Overtime Rates on Holidays
475
D.
Pay for Birthday Holidays
476
pt. 10
Health Care Benefits
I.
Health Care Benefits
479
Overview
479
Summary of Cases
479
A.
Unilateral Health Plan Changes
479
1.
Plan Changes Overturned
480
2.
Plan Changes Upheld
482
B.
Interpreting Payment Provisions
485
1.
Obligations of Successor Employers
486
C.
Eligibility for Coverage
486
1.
Coverage for Nonemployees
486
pt. 11
Management Rights
I.
Management Rights
491
Overview
491
Summary of Cases
492
A.
Extent of Management Authority and Control of Operations
492
1.
Moving or Discontinuing Operation
493
2.
Limits on Unilateral Action
495
B.
Control of Output and Quality
495
1.
Quality Standards
496
C.
Control of Job Classifications, Staffing, and Crew Sizes
497
D.
Control of Work Assignments
499
1.
Work Performed by Supervisors
501
2.
Application of `De Minimus' Principle
504
3.
Work in the Media
505
E.
Control of Rules and Policies
505
II.
Subcontracting & Outsourcing
507
Overview
507
Summary of Cases
508
A.
Authority to Subcontract Work
508
B.
Reasonableness, Good Faith, and Other Considerations
510
1.
Balancing of Factors
511
2.
Satisfying Contractual Conditions
514
C.
Common Business Justifications
516
1.
Economic Reasons
516
2.
Availability of Staff
518
3.
Availability of Equipment
520
4.
Unusual or Urgent Situations
522
D.
Advance Notice of Subcontracting
523
pt. 12
Union Rights
I.
Union Rights
529
Overview
529
Summary of Cases
529
A.
Information Rights
529
1.
Specific Information Rights
530
2.
Employer Actions Upheld
531
B.
Weingarten/Representation Rights
532
1.
Contractual Representation Rights
533
C.
Bulletin Board Postings
534
1.
Derogatory Content
535
2.
Content Related to Organizing
536
3.
Review and Permission Requirement
536
D.
Access to Employer Premises
536
E.
Union Buttons and Insignia
538
pt. 13
Strikes and Lockouts
I.
No-Strike Provisions
541
Overview
541
Summary of Cases
542
A.
Work Refusals and Disruptions
542
1.
Slowdowns
542
B.
Simultaneous Absences
543
C.
Sympathy Strikes
543
1.
Potential for Injury
545
D.
Dangerous Working Conditions
546
E.
Handling Struck Work
547
II.
Strike Penalties
549
Overview
549
Summary of Cases
550
A.
Penalties Against Union Officials
550
1.
Discipline Other Than Discharge
550
2.
Discipline Overturned or Reduced
551
B.
Penalties Against Employees
552
1.
Selective Discipline
553
2.
Pay Dispute
554
C.
Amnesty Pledges
555
D.
Damage Award Penalties
555
1.
Partial or No Damages
556
pt. 14
Union Security
I.
Union Security
561
Overview
561
Summary of Cases
562
A.
Membership and Employment Status
562
1.
Defining New Hires
563
B.
Failure to Join or Pay Unions
563
C.
Resignations and Escape Periods
565
1.
Premature Resignation Letters
565
2.
Verbal Resignations
566
D.
Circumvention of Union Security
566
E.
Hiring Hall Arrangements
567
pt. 15
Dues Checkoff
I.
Dues Checkoff
571
Overview
571
Summary of Cases
571
A.
Employers' Checkoff Obligations
571
1.
Employer Actions Upheld
573
B.
Dues Checkoff Revocations
573
C.
Departure From Bargaining Unit
574
D.
Effect of Decertification
575
pt. 16
Wages and Hours
I.
Work Hours & Schedules
579
Overview
579
Summary of Cases
579
A.
Authority Over Scheduling
579
1.
Implementation of Continuous Operations
582
2.
Union Consent
583
B.
Notification of Schedule Changes
584
C.
Flexible Schedules and `Flextime'
585
D.
Use of Time Clocks
586
E.
Meal Periods and Breaks
587
F.
Holiday Schedule Changes
589
G.
Schedule Accommodations
590
II.
Setting & Adjusting Pay
593
Overview
593
Summary of Cases
593
A.
Setting Rates of Pay
593
B.
Impact of Job Duties on Pay
594
C.
Equipment and Technology Changes
595
D.
Impact of Job Moves on Pay
596
E.
Pay Gaps or Inequities
598
F.
Merit Increases
599
III.
Overtime Work & Pay
601
Overview
601
Summary of Cases
602
A.
Mandatory Overtime
602
1.
Disciplinary Actions
602
2.
Substantiation of Excuses
605
B.
Distribution of Desired Overtime
605
1.
Overtime Equalization
608
2.
Skills and Abilities
609
3.
Probationary, Temporary, or Transferred Workers
611
C.
Disputes Over Pyramiding of Pay
612
1.
Unworked Holidays
613
D.
Defining `Day' for Daily Overtime
613
E.
Remedies for Overtime Violations
614
IV.
Premium Pay
617
Overview
617
Summary of Cases
617
A.
Premiums Based on Day Worked
617
1.
Effect of Time Not Worked
619
2.
Pyramiding of Premiums
620
B.
Premiums Based on Shift Worked
621
1.
Calculating Overtime Pay
622
2.
Shift Premiums for Unworked Hours
622
C.
Premiums Based on Type of Work
623
1.
Pay for "Extra" Responsibilities
623
2.
Teachers and School Employees
624
V.
Reporting & Call-In Pay
627
Overview
627
Summary of Cases
628
A.
Reporting Pay and Its Exceptions
628
1.
Power and Equipment Failures
629
2.
Severe Weather Conditions
630
3.
Safety Issues
630
4.
Disciplinary Action
631
B.
Notification Requirements
632
C.
Call-In Pay
633
1.
Overtime Versus Call-in Pay
634
2.
Nonwork Activities
635
VI.
Incentive Pay
637
Overview
637
Summary of Cases
638
A.
Establishing or Revising Incentive Standards and Rates
638
1.
Changing Standards or Rates
639
B.
Accounting for Downtime and Nonproduction Tasks
641
1.
Disputes Over Assigned Work
642
C.
Determining Appropriate Rates for Mixed Work and Overtime
642
1.
Overtime Work
642
D.
Denying Incentive Pay Based on Deficiencies or Defects
643
1.
Group Situations
644
E.
Disciplining Incentive Employees
644