Intellectual property : cases and materials / by David L. Lange, Mary LaFrance, Gary Myers, Lee Ann W. Lockridge.
2012
KF2978 .L36 2012 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Intellectual property : cases and materials / by David L. Lange, Mary LaFrance, Gary Myers, Lee Ann W. Lockridge.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West, a Thomson Reuters business, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
KF2978 .L36 2012
Edition
Fourth edition.
ISBN
9780314906861
031490686X
031490686X
Description
xl, 1,356 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)797176494
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Authors' Acknowledgments
v
Preface to the Fourth Edition
vii
Table of Cases
xxvii
pt. 1
INTRODUCTION
ch. 1
Doctrines, Alternatives, and the First Amendment
2
A.
Basic Intellectual Property Doctrines Under the United States Constitution
2
Baker v. Selden
2
Notes
7
Trade-Mark Cases: United States v. Steffens; United States v. Wittemann; United States v. Johnson
7
Notes
12
B.
"Property": Significance and Alternatives
13
International News Service v. Associated Press
13
Notes
26
C.
Intellectual Property and the First Amendment
27
Notes
28
pt. 2
TRADEMARK AND UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW
ch. 2
The Nature and Legitimacy of Trademark Rights
32
A.
Introduction
32
William R. Warner & Co. v. Eli Lilly & Co.
34
Notes
37
B.
Validity of Marks---The "Spectrum of Distinctiveness"
38
King-Seeley Thermos Co. v. Aladdin Industries, Inc.
38
Notes
42
Abercrombie & Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc.
43
Notes
50
C.
Descriptive Marks and Secondary Meaning
53
International Kennel Club of Chicago, Inc. v. Mighty Star, Inc.
53
Notes
65
D.
Surnames
66
David B. Findlay, Inc. v. Findlay
66
Notes
71
E.
Color, Sounds, Scents, and Other Marks
72
Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Inc.
72
Notes
79
F.
Lanham Act, Section 2: Marks Precluded From Registration
80
In re Budge Manufacturing Co., Inc.
80
Notes
84
In re California Innovations, Inc.
86
Note
94
G.
Service Marks
95
In re Dr. Pepper Co.
95
Note
101
H.
Certification and Collective Marks
101
Midwest Plastic Fabricators, Inc. v. Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
101
Notes
106
ch. 3
Trademark Acquisition and Ownership
108
A.
Common Law Trademark Use
108
Galt House, Inc. v. Home Supply Co.
108
Notes
112
Blue Bell, Inc. v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
113
Notes
117
B.
Statutory Rights
118
Thrifty Rent-A-Car System, Inc. v. Thrift Cars, Inc.
118
Notes
124
Eastman Kodak Co. v. Bell & Howell Document Management Products Co.
124
Notes
129
Park 'N Fly, Inc. v. Dollar Park and Fly, Inc.
129
Notes
134
ch. 4
Trademark Infringement
135
A.
The Likelihood of Confusion Standard
135
CBS Inc. v. Liederman
135
Notes
140
Network Automation, Inc. v. Advanced Systems Concepts, Inc.
141
Notes
155
B.
Dilution
157
Mead Data Central, Inc. v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.
157
Notes
164
Louis Vuitton Malletier S.A. v. Haute Diggity Dog, LLC
165
Notes
179
Additional Notes on Parody
180
ch. 5
Defenses and Limitations on Rights
181
A.
Fair Use, Functionality, Abandonment, and Other Defenses
181
KP Permanent Make-Up, Inc. v. Lasting Impression I, Inc., et al.
181
Note
187
Toyota Motor Sales. U.S.A., Inc. v. Tabari
187
Notes
196
Jay Franco. & Sons, Inc. v. Franek
197
Note
203
Sands, Taylor & Wood Company v. The Quaker Oats Company
203
Notes
211
B.
Comparative Advertising
214
R.G. Smith v. Chanel, Inc.
214
Note
219
C.
Used or Reconditioned Goods
219
Champion Spark Plug Co. v. Sanders
219
Notes
221
D.
Immunity
222
ch. 6
Secondary Liability and Remedies
223
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
223
Notes
227
Hard Rock Cafe Licensing Corp. v. Concession Services, Inc.
227
Sands, Taylor & Wood Company v. The Quaker Oats Company
234
Notes
237
Tiffany (N.J.) Inc. v. eBay Inc.
237
Notes
251
ch. 7
Federal Unfair Competition in Selected Settings
253
A.
Attribution
253
Dastar Corporation v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
253
Notes
260
B.
Trade Dress
261
Two Pesos, Inc. v. ToCo. Cabana, Inc.
261
Notes
265
C.
Product Design
267
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Brothers, Inc.
267
Notes
272
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
273
Notes
278
D.
False Advertising and Misrepresentation
278
Castrol, Inc. v. Quaker State Corp.
278
Notes
284
Tiffany (N.J.) Inc. v. eBay Inc.
285
Notes
288
E.
Cybersquatting
288
Lahoti v. Vericheck, Inc.
289
Notes
295
pt. 3
THE RIGHT OF PUBLICITY
ch. 8
Protecting Personal Identity
298
Haelan Laboratories, Inc. v. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc.
298
Note
300
Midler v. Ford Motor Co.
301
Notes
304
Parks v. LaFace Records
305
ETW Corp. v. Jireh Publishing, Inc.
325
White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
343
White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
357
Notes
368
pt. 4
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND IDEAS
ch. 9
Trade Secret Law
372
A.
Introduction
372
B.
Protectable Subject Matter and Requirements
373
Minuteman, Inc. v. Alexander
373
Notes
380
1.
Deriving Economic Value From Secrecy
380
a.
Not Generally Known
380
b.
Not Readily Ascertainable by Proper Means
381
2.
Subject of Reasonable Efforts to Maintain Secrecy
382
Electro-Craft Corp. v. Controlled Motion, Inc.
382
Notes
390
C.
Ownership
391
D.
Misappropriation & Defenses
393
E.I. DuPont DeNemours & Co. v. Christopher
393
Notes
398
E.
Remedies
399
Lamb-Weston, Inc. v. McCain Foods, Ltd.
399
Notes
403
F.
Non-Competition Agreements
404
Comprehensive Technologies International v. Software Artisans, Inc.
404
Notes
411
ch. 10
Protecting Ideas
414
A.
Misappropriation
414
Boer v. Chase
414
Notes
420
B.
Breach of Contract (Express or Implied)
422
Smith v. Recrion Corp.
422
Sellers v. American Broadcasting Co.
424
Notes
427
C.
Unjust Enrichment or Quasi-Contract
434
Matarese v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc.
434
Notes
438
pt. 5
PATENT LAW
ch. 11
Patent Protection for Inventions
440
A.
Brief Introduction and Short History
440
B.
Patentable Subject Matter
443
1.
Products
444
Diamond v. Chakrabarty
444
Notes
449
2.
Processes
454
Bilski v. Kappos
454
Notes
463
Mayo Collaborative Servs. v. Prometheus Labs., Inc.
467
Notes
477
C.
The Utility Requirement
479
Brenner v. Manson
479
Juicy Whip, Inc. v. Orange Bang, Inc.
482
Notes
484
D.
Novelty and Statutory Bars
487
1.
Introduction
487
2.
Pre-AIA Section 102
488
a.
Pre-AIA Novelty Provisions
489
b.
Pre-AIA Statutory Bars
490
3.
Post-AIA Section 102
491
4.
Section 102 Public Prior Art
494
a.
"Known or Used" or in "Public Use"
494
In re Borst
495
Bennett Regulator Guards, Inc. v. Canadian Meter Co. Inc.
497
Notes
501
b.
"Described in a Printed Publication"
504
In re Hall
504
Notes
508
c.
"On Sale"
509
Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
510
Notes
516
d.
"Patented"
518
5.
Other Obstacles and Issues in Section 102
518
a.
Derivation---Pre-AIA and Post-AIA
518
Applegate v. Scherer
519
Note
521
b.
Priority Determinations---Pre-AIA
521
Paulik v. Rizkalla
522
Notes
526
c.
Pre-AIA Section 102(d) and (e)
527
d.
Abandoning the Right to Patent---Pre-AIA
528
6.
First to File (or to Publicly Disclose)
529
E.
Nonobviousness
530
1.
The Obviousness Inquiry
531
Graham v. John Deere Co.
531
Notes
538
2.
Obvious to Combine or to Try
541
KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
541
Notes
553
F.
Written Description and Enablement
554
1.
Enablement
554
2.
Written Description
555
3.
Best Mode
557
Note
558
ch. 12
Inventorship, Ownership, and Prosecution
560
A.
Inventorship and Ownership
560
1.
Nature of Inventorship
560
a.
Joint Inventors and Joint Inventions
561
Kimberly-Clark Corp. v. Procter & Gamble Distributing Co., Inc.
561
b.
Role of Conception and Experimentation
564
Burroughs Wellcome Co. v. Barr Laboratories, Inc.
564
Notes
571
2.
Rights of Joint Owners
573
Notes
574
3.
Invention by Employees
574
United States v. Dubilier Condenser Corp.
574
Notes
577
B.
Process for Obtaining a Patent
580
1.
Patent Prosecution
580
a.
Provisional Patent Applications
581
b.
Establishing Priority by Filing Date of Foreign Application
582
c.
Continuation and Divisional Applications
582
d.
Reissue Applications
583
2.
Third-Party Challenges
584
Notes
586
C.
Term of Patent Protection
587
Note
587
ch. 13
Patent Infringement, Defenses, and Remedies
589
A.
Infringement
589
1.
Literal Infringement
590
Autogiro Company of America v. The United States
590
Notes
594
2.
Infringement by Equivalents
596
a.
The Doctrine of Equivalents
596
Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
596
Notes
606
b.
Limitations on Equivalents
608
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
608
Note
618
3.
Infringing Activities
619
a.
Direct Infringement-Making, Using, Selling and Offering to Sell
619
Aro Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co., Inc.
619
Notes
621
b.
Contributing to or Inducing Infringement
624
Aro Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co., Inc.
624
Notes
627
c.
Cross-Border Infringement
631
Microsoft Corp. v. AT & T Corp.
632
Notes
645
B.
Defenses
645
1.
Invalidity
646
Note: Assignor Estoppel
647
2.
Exhaustion and Implied License
648
Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
648
Notes
658
3.
Patent Misuse
658
Notes
661
4.
Experimental Use
661
Notes
662
5.
Good Faith Prior Use
663
6.
Inequitable Conduct
664
7.
Laches and Estoppel
665
8.
Infringement by Government Entities
666
C.
Infringement Adjudication
667
1.
Jurisdiction
667
2.
Proper Plaintiffs and Defendants
668
a.
Standing to Bring Infringement Actions
668
b.
Proper Joinder of Defendants
668
c.
Declaratory Judgment Actions
668
MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
669
Notes
674
D.
Remedies
675
1.
Injunctions
675
eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
675
Notes
680
2.
Monetary Relief
681
Rite-Hite Corporation v. Kelley Company, Inc.
681
Notes
688
ch. 14
Patent Protection for Designs and Plants
693
A.
Design Patents
693
1.
Subject Matter
693
Gorham Mfg. Co. v. White
693
Application of Richard Q. Yardley
694
Note
695
2.
The Ornamentality Requirement
696
Avia Group International, Inc. v. L.A. Gear California, Inc.
696
In re Carletti
699
Notes
701
3.
Novelty of Design Patents
702
International Seaway Trading Corp. v. Walgreens Corp.
702
4.
Nonobviousness of Design Patents
708
5.
Inventorship of Design Patents
709
Hoop v. Hoop
709
Note
713
6.
Infringement of Design Patents
713
Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc.
714
Notes
720
B.
Plant Patents
721
1.
Subject Matter
721
Note---Plant Variety Protection Certificates
721
2.
Novelty as Applied to Plant Patents
722
Notes
724
3.
Nonobviousness as Applied to Plant Patents
724
4.
Infringement of Plant Patents
726
Imazio Nursery, Inc. v. Dania Greenhouses
726
Notes
729
pt. 6
COPYRIGHT LAW
ch. 15
Introduction and a Short History
732
A.
English Law
732
B.
The Advent of Federal Copyright Law
734
C.
Federal Legislation Prior to the 1976 Act
735
D.
Comprehensive Revision: The Copyright Act of 1976
736
E.
Post-1976 Revisions
737
ch. 16
The Subject Matter of Copyright
742
A.
Introduction
742
Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
742
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
745
Notes
746
Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.
748
Notes
763
B.
The Fixation Requirement
764
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
764
Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman
765
Kelley v. Chicago Park District
768
Notes
774
C.
"Original Works of Authorship"
775
1.
Originality: The Minimum Requirement
775
Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service
775
Notes
787
Meshwerks, Inc. v. Toyota Motor Sales U.S.A.
787
Silverstein v. Penguin Putnam, Inc.
797
Notes
802
Matthew Bender & Co., Inc. v. West Publishing Co.
803
Note
810
Assessment Technologies of WI, LLC v. WIREdata, Inc.
810
Notes
816
2.
Distinguishing Expression From Ideas and Facts
816
Hoehling v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
817
Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
823
Notes
825
Mason v. Montgomery Data, Inc.
826
Notes
831
3.
Originality in Derivative Works
834
Alfred Bell & Co. Ltd. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc.
834
L. Batlin & Son, Inc. v. Snyder
837
Woods v. Bourne Co.
841
Notes
845
Schrock v. Learning Curve International, Inc.
846
Notes
852
4.
Originality in Specialized Subject Matter
853
a.
Computer Software
853
(i).
Literal Code and Screen Displays
853
(ii).
Nonliteral Elements of Software
854
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
854
Notes
867
b.
Useful Articles
870
Mazer v. Stein
870
Brandir International, Inc. v. Cascade Pacific Lumber Co.
872
Notes
878
c.
Sui Generis Protection for Boat Hull Designs
880
d.
Architectural Works
880
Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act of 1990, House Report 880 Notes
884
5.
Subject Matter Excluded Due to Origin
884
a.
United States Government Works
884
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
884
Notes
885
b.
National Origin Restrictions on Copyright
886
ch. 17
Ownership, Assignment, and Licensing of Copyrights
887
A.
Initial Ownership
887
1.
Identifying the Author
887
a.
Joint Works
887
Childress v. Taylor
887
Notes
893
b.
Works Made for Hire
896
Community for Creative Non-Violence et al. v. Reid
896
Notes
902
2.
Formalities: Notice, Registration, and Deposit
905
a.
Notice
905
Notes
906
b.
Registration and Deposit
907
Notes
908
3.
The Changed Significance of Publication
910
Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure
910
4.
The Meaning of Publication
911
a.
General Versus Limited Distributions
912
b.
Public Performances and Displays
913
c.
Public Distributions of Sound Recordings and Other Derivative Works as Publication of Underlying Work
914
Note
915
B.
Duration
915
1.
1909 and 1976 Acts Compared
915
Copyright Act of1976, House Report
915
Eldred v. Ashcroft
917
Notes
934
Stewart v. Abend
934
Copyright Renewal Act of 1992, Senate Report
939
Notes
941
2.
Copyright Restoration
941
Uruguay Round Agreements Act
941
Notes
942
Golan v. Holder
943
Notes
954
C.
Alienability of Copyright
954
1.
Assignments and Licenses
954
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
954
Effects Associates, Inc. v. Cohen
955
Notes
957
New York Times Co., Inc. v. Tasini
958
Notes
962
2.
Termination Provisions
964
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
964
Notes
966
Woods v. Bourne Co.
966
Notes
972
Milne v. Stephen Slesinger, Inc.
973
Notes
980
ch. 18
Exclusive Rights
982
A. The Section 106 Rights
982
1.
Reproduction
982
Horgan v. Macmillan, Inc.
982
Walt Disney Productions v. Filmation Associates
985
Notes
988
Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
990
Note
998
2.
Preparation of Derivative Works
999
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
999
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artie International, Inc.
999
Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
1001
Notes
1005
Lee v. A.R.T. Co.
1005
Notes
1009
3.
Public Distribution
1010
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
1010
Walt Disney Co. v. Video 47, Inc.
1011
Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc.
1013
Notes
1015
4.
Public Performance and Public Display
1016
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
1016
On Command Video Corporation v. Columbia Pictures Industries
1017
Notes
1021
Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
1022
Notes
1026
United States v. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
1026
Notes
1030
5.
The Scope of Exclusive Rights in Sound Recordings
1031
Notes
1032
B.
Specific Limitations on the Section 106 Rights
1033
1.
Section 117: Copying Computer Software
1034
Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.
1034
Notes
1039
2.
Section 109: The First Sale Rule
1040
a.
Sale or License?
1040
Vernor v. Autodesk, Inc.
1040
Notes
1047
b.
Imported Copies
1048
Quality King Distributors, Inc. v. L'anza Research International, Inc.
1048
Notes
1055
3.
The Section 110 Limitations
1056
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
1056
Notes
1058
4.
Section 108: Library and Archival Copying
1060
Notes
1060
5.
Section 115: Compulsory Licensing of Musical Compositions for Reproduction on Phonorecords
1061
Notes
1062
6.
The Audio Home Recording Act
1063
7.
Section 120: Architectural Works
1064
Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act of 1990, House Report
1064
Notes
1065
8.
Section 112: Ephemeral Recordings
1065
Notes
1066
9.
Other Specific Limitations on Section 106
1066
C.
Beyond Copyright: Performers' Rights, Moral Rights, and Resale Royalties
1068
1.
Performers' Rights
1068
2.
Moral Rights
1069
Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art v. Buchel
1070
Notes
1081
Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
1082
Note
1083
3.
Resale Royalties (droit de suite)
1084
ch. 19
Fair Use
1085
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
1086
Notes
1090
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
1091
Notes
1102
Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
1103
Notes
1115
Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Company
1117
Notes
1125
A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
1130
Notes
1136
ch. 20
Infringement, Defenses, and Remedies
1137
A.
The Concept of Infringement
1138
Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp.
1138
Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corporation
1143
Notes
1152
B.
The Prima Facie Case
1152
Arnstein v. Porter
1152
Shaw v. Lindheim
1155
Leigh v. Warner Brothers, Inc.
1159
Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.
1164
Notes
1167
C.
The Proper Parties
1169
1.
Plaintiff: Standing to Sue
1169
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
1169
Notes
1169
2.
Defendant: Direct and Secondary Liability for Infringement
1170
Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc.
1170
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
1175
Notes
1179
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
1180
Notes
1186
D.
Discrete Issues Affecting Liability Under the DMCA
1187
1.
Safe Harbors Under Section 512
1187
Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC
1188
CoStar Group, Inc. v. LoopNet, Inc.
1197
Notes
1203
Viacom International, Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
1204
Notes
1214
2.
Circumventing Anti-Copying Technology or Altering Copyright Management Information
1214
MDY Indus., LLC v. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc.
1214
Notes
1228
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley
1228
Notes
1236
E.
Affirmative Defenses
1237
Apple, Inc. v. Psystar Corp.
1237
Notes
1242
F.
Remedies
1246
1.
Injunctions
1246
Notes
1248
2.
Actual Damages and Profits
1249
Frank Music Corp. v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
1249
Notes
1255
3.
Additional Remedies
1255
a.
Statutory Damages and Attorneys' Fees
1255
Notes
1258
b.
Impounding, Importation Relief, Prejudgment Interest, and Costs
1259
c.
Criminal Penalties
1260
pt. 7
PREEMPTION
ch. 21
Preemption of State Law by Federal Patent and Copyright Law
1264
A.
Statutory Copyright Preemption: Section 301
1264
Copyright Act of 1976, House Report
1264
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
1267
National Basketball Ass'n v. Motorola, Inc.
1272
Notes
1285
Wrench LLC v. ToCo. Bell Corp.
1288
Notes
1295
B.
Preemption Under the Intellectual Property Clause
1295
1.
The Sears/Compco. Decisions
1295
Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Company
1295
Note
1298
2.
Developments After Sears/Compco.
1299
Goldstein v. California
1299
Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron Corp.
1303
Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
1313
Note
1320
Baladevon, Inc. v. Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
1320
Notes
1328
Index
1333