Evidence / Christopher B. Mueller, Laird C. Kirkpatrick.
2012
KF8935 .M836 2012 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Author
Title
Evidence / Christopher B. Mueller, Laird C. Kirkpatrick.
Published
New York : Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
KF8935 .M836 2012
Edition
Fifth edition.
ISBN
9781454804031 (pbk.)
1454804033 (pbk.)
9781454817741 (casebound)
1454817747 (casebound)
1454804033 (pbk.)
9781454817741 (casebound)
1454817747 (casebound)
Description
xxxv, 1,323 pages ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)779530109
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
xxix
About the Authors
xxxiii
Table of Abbreviations
xxxv
ch. 1
Preliminary Matters
A.
Introduction
1
FRE 101 and 102
1
[§]1.1.
Purposes of Evidence Law
2
[§]1.2.
Rules Supplant Common Law
3
B.
Admitting and Excluding Evidence
6
FRE 103
6
[§]1.3.
Objections
7
[§]1.4.
Waiving Objections---Invited Error, Opening the Door
11
[§]1.5.
Offers of Proof
16
[§]1.6.
Pretrial Rulings (Motions in Limine)
20
[§]1.7.
Evidence Errors---Harmless
22
[§]1.8.
Reversible and Plain
27
[§]1.9.
Constitutional
28
C.
Preliminary Issues in Evidence Rulings
31
FRE 104
31
[§]1.10.
Court-Determined Issues (Admissibility, Witness Qualifications, Privileges)
32
[§]1.11.
Preliminary Questions on Confessions
37
[§]1.12.
Procedure for Determining Preliminary Matters
39
[§]1.13.
Jury-Determined Issues (Conditional Relevancy, Authenticity, Personal Knowledge)
45
D.
Limited Admissibility
50
FRE 105
50
[§]1.14.
Evidence Admissible on One Issue But Not Others
50
[§]1.15.
Evidence Admissible Against One Party But Not Others
53
[§]1.16.
Limiting Instructions
54
E.
Rule of Completeness
56
FRE 106
56
[§]1.17.
Getting Related Material In---When and How, Limits
56
[§]1.18.
Coverage and Application---Documents and Letters; Confessions and Recordings; Other
58
ch. 2
Judicial Notice
A.
Scope of FRE 201
65
[§]2.1.
Introduction
65
FRE 201 (a)
67
[§]2.2.
Adjudicative Facts
67
[§]2.3.
Legislative Facts Distinguished
68
[§]2.4.
Basic Facts Distinguished
74
FRE 201 (b)
78
[§]2.5.
Indisputability Requirement
78
[§]2.6.
Generally Known Facts
80
[§]2.7.
Verifiable Facts
81
B.
Process of Taking Notice
85
FRE 201 (c)
85
[§]2.8.
Initiation of Judicial Notice
86
FRE 201 (d)
87
[§]2.9.
Notice at Any Stage
87
FRE 201 (e)
90
[§]2.10.
Opportunity for Party Input
90
C.
Instructing the Jury
93
FRE 201 (f)
93
[§]2.11.
Instructing the Jury
93
[§]2.12.
Special Problems in Criminal Cases
94
[§]2.13.
"Judicial Notice" of Law
97
ch. 3
Burdens and Presumptions
A.
Civil Cases
103
1.
Burdens
[§]3.1.
Burdens of Pleading, Production, and Persuasion
103
[§]3.2.
Carrying the Burden of Production (Sufficiency Standard)
109
[§]3.3.
Carrying the Burden of Persuasion (Preponderance and Other Standards)
111
2.
Presumptions
FRE 301
112
[§]3.4.
Presumptions---What They Are, How They Work
113
[§]3.5.
Underlying Reasons and Examples
116
[§]3.6.
Operation of Presumptions---Contingent Case Where Basic Facts Are Disputed
121
[§]3.7.
Easy Cases Where Counterproof Is Either Insufficient or Conclusive
122
[§]3.8.
Hard Cases Where Counterproof Is Sufficient But Inconclusive
123
[§]3.9.
Conflicting Presumptions
129
FRE 302
131
[§]3.10.
State Versus Federal Law
131
B.
Criminal Cases
134
[§]3.11.
Standard of Proof (Beyond a Reasonable Doubt)
134
[§]3.12.
Affirmative Defenses
136
[§]3.13.
"Presumptions" in Criminal Cases
143
[§]3.14.
Inferences in Criminal Cases
147
ch. 4
Relevancy and Its Limits
[§]4.1.
Introduction
155
A.
Logical Relevance
157
FRE 401
157
[§]4.2.
Defining Relevance
157
[§]4.3.
Roles of Judge and Jury
163
[§]4.4.
Circumstantial Proof---Indications of a Guilty Mind
165
[§]4.5.
Other Accidents or Claims
167
[§]4.6.
Other Contracts or Transactions
170
[§]4.7.
Industry Safety Standards
171
FRE 402
172
[§]4.8.
Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible
173
B.
Pragmatic Relevance
174
FRE 403
174
[§]4.9.
Discretionary Exclusion
174
[§]4.10.
Unfair Prejudice, Confusion, Delay, Collateral
178
C.
Character Evidence
185
FRE 404
185
[§]4.11.
Character Evidence---Generally
185
[§]4.12.
Criminal Defendant
189
[§]4.13.
Crime Victim
194
[§]4.14.
Witness
196
FRE 404(b)
196
[§]4.15.
Prior Wrongs to Prove Specific Points
197
[§]4.16.
Discretion to Exclude Prior Wrongs
203
[§]4.17.
Motive, Intent, Identity, and Similar Points
209
[§]4.18.
Unlisted Uses for Evidence of Prior Wrongs
215
FRE 405(a)
218
[§]4.19.
Methods of Proving Character
218
FRE 405(b)
225
[§]4.20.
Character as Element of Charge, Claim, or Defense
225
D.
Habit and Routine Practice
229
FRE 406
229
[§]4.21.
Habit Evidence
229
[§]4.22.
Evidence of Routine Practice
233
E.
Subsequent Remedial Measures
235
FRE 407
235
[§]4.23.
Subsequent Remedial Measures Generally Excluded
235
[§]4.24.
Admissible for Limited Purposes
241
F.
Settlements and Medical Payments
245
FRE 408
245
[§]4.25.
Civil Settlement Offers Generally Excluded
246
[§]4.26.
Admissible for Limited Purposes
251
FRE 409
253
[§]4.27.
Payment of Medical Expenses
254
G.
Plea Bargains
255
FRE 410
255
[§]4.28.
Withdrawn Guilty Pleas; Nolo Contendere Pleas
255
[§]4.29.
Plea Bargaining Statements
257
H.
Liability Insurance
264
FRE411
264
[§]4.30.
Evidence of Insurance Generally Excluded
264
[§]4.31.
Exceptions Where Admissible
266
I.
Sexual Behavior of Complaining Witness
267
FRE 412
267
[§]4.32.
Sexual History of Complainant Generally Excluded
268
[§]4.33.
Exceptions Where Admissible
273
[§]4.34.
Procedures for Applying Rule and Exceptions
280
J.
Similar Crimes by Defendant in Sexual Assault and Molestation Cases
283
FRE 413
283
FRE 414
283
[§]4.35.
Evidence of Similar Offenses in Sexual Assault and Child Molestation Cases
284
FRE 415
290
[§]4.36.
Civil Cases Involving Sexual Assault or Child
290
Molestation
ch. 5
Privileges
A.
General Policies
293
[§]5.1.
Introduction
293
[§]5.2.
Duty of Confidentiality Distinguished
298
[§]5.3.
General Principles---Assertion; Waiver; Interception
299
[§]5.4.
Adverse Comment or Inference
301
[§]5.5.
Constitutional Right to Produce Evidence
303
B.
Scope of FRE 501
309
FRE 501
309
[§]5.6.
Preserving Federal Common Law of Privileges
309
[§]5.7.
When State Privilege Law Applies
312
C.
Attorney-Client Privilege
316
[§]5.8.
Attorney-Client Privilege: Rationale
316
[§]5.9.
Client or Representative of Client
320
[§]5.10.
Lawyer or Representative of Lawyer
323
[§]5.11.
Professional Legal Services
327
[§]5.12.
Communication
331
[§]5.13.
Confidentiality
334
[§]5.14.
Joint Clients
340
[§]5.15.
Joint Defense; Pooled Information
342
[§]5.16.
Corporate Clients
346
[§]5.17.
Shareholder Litigation
355
[§]5.18.
Government Clients
358
[§]5.19.
Client Identity; Fee Arrangements
361
[§]5.20.
Lawyer's Impressions About Client
368
[§]5.21.
Evidence Delivered to Lawyer
370
[§]5.22.
Crime-Fraud Exception
372
[§]5.23.
Breach of Duty by Lawyer or Client
380
[§]5.24.
Claimants Through a Deceased Client
382
[§]5.25.
Lawyer as Attesting Witness
383
[§]5.26.
Duration of the Privilege
383
[§]5.27.
Claiming the Privilege
385
FRE 502
391
[§]5.28.
Waiver by Voluntary Disclosure
392
[§]5.29.
Inadvertent Disclosure
402
[§]5.30.
Implied Waiver by Claim Assertion
407
D.
Marital Privileges
411
[§]5.31.
Spousal Testimonial Privilege
411
[§]5.32.
Marital Confidences Privilege
416
[§]5.33.
Other Familial Privileges
422
E.
Physicians and Psychotherapists
424
[§]5.34.
Physician-Patient Privilege
424
[§]5.35.
Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege
427
ch. 6
Witnesses
[§]6.1.
Introduction
435
A.
Witness Competency
437
FRE 601
437
[§]6.2.
Ordinary Witnesses
437
[§]6.3.
Children
441
[§]6.4.
Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony
443
B.
Personal Knowledge
445
FRE 602
445
[§]6.5.
Personal Knowledge
445
C.
Oath or Affirmation Requirement
448
FRE 603
448
[§]6.6.
Oath or Affirmation
448
D.
Interpreters
450
FRE 604
450
[§]6.7.
Interpreters
450
E.
Competency of Judges and Lawyers as Witnesses
452
FRE 605
452
[§]6.8.
Judges as Witnesses
452
[§]6.9.
Lawyers as Witnesses
454
F.
Juror Competency: Impeachment of Verdicts
456
FRE 606
456
[§]6.10.
Reasons to Limit Impeachment of Verdicts
456
[§]6.11.
Juror Testimony and Affidavits Barred
459
[§]6.12.
Exception for Proving Extrarecord Information
465
[§]6.13.
Exception for Proving Outside Influence
468
[§]6.14.
Exception for Proving Mistake on Verdict Form; Other Matters Beyond Reach of Rule
470
[§]6.15.
Procedural Concerns
473
G.
Voucher Rule Abolished
475
FRE 607
475
[§]6.16.
Any Party May Impeach
475
[§]6.17.
Preventing Abuse by Calling Party
479
H.
Impeachment of Witnesses
483
[§]6.18.
Impeachment and Support
483
1.
Showing Bias
[§]6.19.
Mechanics and Entitlement
485
[§]6.20.
Varieties of Bias
487
2.
Showing Problems in Capacity
[§]6.21.
Cross-Examination and Extrinsic Evidence
492
[§]6.22.
Expert Testimony
494
3.
Showing Untruthfulness
FRE 608
495
[§]6.23.
Opinion arid Reputation Testimony---In General
496
[§]6.24.
Cross- and Redirect Examination of Adverse Character Witness
498
[§]6.25.
Asking About Nonconviction Misconduct---In General
500
[§]6.26.
Limits and Safeguards
504
[§]6.27.
Extrinsic Evidence Excluded
506
[§]6.28.
Extrinsic Evidence Admitted for Some Purposes
508
FRE 609(a)
510
[§]6.29.
Showing Convictions---In General
510
[§]6.30.
Felonies
513
[§]6.31.
Excluding Felonies for Unfair Prejudice
515
[§]6.32.
Crimes of Dishonesty or False Statement
520
[§]6.33.
Looking to Underlying Facts
523
[§]6.34.
Permitted Detail; Coordinating FRE 608 and 609; Letting Witness Explain
526
[§]6.35.
Procedure, Pretrial Motions, Preserving Error
529
FRE 6()9(b)-(c)
532
[§]6.36.
Ten-Year Limit, Pardons, Rehabilitation, and Annulments
532
FRE 609(d)
535
[§]6.37.
Juvenile Adjudications
535
FRE 609(e)
537
[§]6.38.
Meaning of Conviction; Appeal and Finality
538
[§]6.39.
Uses of Convictions Unregulated by FRE 609
540
4.
Showing Prior Inconsistent Statements
FRE 613
541
[§]6.40.
Cross-Examination and Extrinsic Evidence
541
[§]6.41.
The Chance to Explain
545
[§]6.42.
Constitutional Limits on Impeachment by Prior Silence
548
5.
Contradiction---FRE 403 and 611
[§]6.43.
The Process
550
[§]6.44.
Typical Instances
554
[§]6.45.
Effect of Rules of Exclusion
557
[§]6.46.
Effect of Constitutional Restrictions
560
[§]6.47.
Prejudice, Confusion, and "Collateral Matter" Bar
564
[§]6.48.
Matters of Fairness and "Open Door" Doctrine
569
I.
Repair and Support Of Witnesses
572
[§]6.49.
General Principles of Repair; Answering and Disarming
572
[§]6.50.
Showing Truthful Character After Attack
574
[§]6.51.
Cross-Examining the Supporting Character Witness
577
[§]6.52.
Showing Prior Consistent Statements
580
J.
Religious Beliefs
584
FRE 610
584
[§]6.53.
Questioning on Religious Beliefs
584
K Presenting Testimony
585
FRE 611
585
1.
Sequence and Safeguards
[§]6.54.
Order of Proof; Reopening, Rebutting, Recalling
586
[§]6.55.
Questioning Versus Narrative Testimony
589
[§]6.56.
Formal Flaws in Questions to Witnesses
590
[§]6.57.
Preventing Abuse of Witnesses
593
2.
Foundational Matters
[§]6.58.
Context and Background
594
[§]6.59.
Voir Dire of Witnesses
595
3.
Direct Examination
[§]6.60.
Nonleading Questions
597
[§]6.61.
Leading Adverse Parties, Hostile Witness, Others
599
4.
Cross-Examination
[§]6.62.
Importance of Right; Remedies for Denial
602
[§]6.63.
Scope of Cross
603
[§]6.64.
Leading Questions
606
[§]6.65.
Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
607
L.
Refreshing Memory
611
FRE 612
611
[§]6.66.
The Basic Process
611
[§]6.67.
Adversary's Right to Inspect and Question
614
[§]6.68.
Introducing Material Used to Refresh
617
[§]6.69.
Effects of Privilege, Work Product, and Discovery Limits
617
M.
Calling and Interrogation by Court
621
FRE 614
621
[§]6.70.
Judge May Question (and Call) Witnesses
621
N.
Sequestering Witnesses
624
FRE 615
624
[§]6.71.
Excluding or Sequestering Witnesses
624
[§]6.72.
Exemptions from Exclusion or Sequestration
626
ch. 7
Opinions and Expert Testimony; Scientific Evidence
A.
Lay Testimony
631
FRE 701
631
[§]7.1.
The Preference for Facts
632
[§]7.2.
Lay Opinions---Rational Basis
633
[§]7.3.
Helpful to Understanding or Deciding; Not Scientific or Technical
635
[§]7.4.
Opinions on Standard Points
637
B.
Expert Testimony: Foundation and Reliability (Daubert and FRE 702)
641
FRE 702
641
1.
Requisites, Foundation, Reliability Standard
[§]7.5.
Qualified Expert
641
[§]7.6.
Helpfulness Standard
644
[§]7.7.
Reliability Standard (Daubert, Frye)
648
2.
What Experts May Rely On
FRE 703
665
[§]7.8.
Facts Perceived Before Trial---Firsthand Study
665
[§]7.9.
Facts Learned at Trial---Observing Testimony, Hypothetical Questions
666
[§]7.10.
Secondhand Information---Reasonable Reliance Standard
668
[§]7.11.
Reasonable Reliance and Defense
Confrontation Rights
673
C.
Expert Testimony: Limits and Testing
675
1.
Testifying on Ultimate Issues
FRE 704
675
[§]7.12.
Usually Allowed
675
[§]7.13.
Particularity Required on Mental Condition of Accused
678
2.
Testifying on Points of Law
[§]7.14.
Expert Testimony on Law
682
3.
Disclosure of Underlying Facts or Data FRE 705
685
[§]7.15.
Disclosing Underlying Data; Ruling on Adequacy of Basis
685
[§]7.16.
Cross-Examining Experts
691
D.
Court-Appointed Experts
694
FRE 706
694
[§]7.17.
Procedure for Court Appointment
694
E.
Special Areas of Technical Evidence
697
[§]7.18.
Statistical Evidence
697
[§]7.19.
DNA Evidence (Criminal and Paternity Cases)
704
[§]7.20.
Polygraph Evidence
712
[§]7.21.
Evidence on Accuracy of Eyewitness Identification
715
[§]7.22.
Syndromes, Social Frameworks, and Profiles
718
ch. 8
Hearsay
A.
Doctrine and Purpose---An Overview
731
[§]8.1.
What Is Hearsay?
731
[§]8.2.
The Hearsay Risks
733
[§]8.3.
Safeguards of the Trial Process
735
B.
Elements Of Doctrine---A Closer Look
737
1.
What Is a Statement?
FRE 801(a)-(b)
737
[§]8.4.
Assertive Behavior---Verbal Expressions
737
[§]8.5.
Action or Conduct (Wordless Statements)
742
[§]8.6.
Hidden Statements (Hearsay at One Remove)
744
[§]8.7.
Coded Signals
746
[§]8.8.
Nonassertive Behavior---Verbal Expressions
747
[§]8.9.
Action or Conduct
750
[§]8.10.
Silence and Noncomplaint; Negative Results of Inquiry
756
[§]8.11.
Machine and Animal Statements
758
2.
When Is It Offered to Prove What It Asserts?
FRE 801(c)
760
[§]8.12.
Proponent's Purpose and Declarant's Intent
760
[§]8.13.
Hearsay Uses---Direct Assertions of the Matter to Be Proved
763
[§]8.14.
Indirect Assertions (Proving What the Speaker Intended to Say)
764
[§]8.15.
Assertions of Circumstantially Relevant Facts
767
[§]8.16.
Nonhearsay Uses---Verbal Acts, Parts of Acts
768
[§]8.17.
Impeachment
770
[§]8.18.
Effect on Listener or Reader
771
[§]8.19.
Identifying Characteristics; Verbal Objects and Markers
772
[§]8.20.
Circumstantial Evidence of State of Mind
778
[§]8.21.
Circumstantial Evidence of Memory or Belief
780
C.
Borderland of the Doctrine
782
[§]8.22.
Mixed Act and Assertion
782
[§]8.23.
Looking Behind a Statement---Proving Unmentioned Acts, Events, or Conditions
790
D.
Prior Statements by Testifying Witnesses
796
FRE 801(d)(1)(A)
796
[§]8.24.
Prior Inconsistent Statements
796
FRE 801(d)(1)(B)
801
[§]8.25.
Prior Consistent Statements
801
FRE 801(d)(1)(C)
806
[§]8.26.
Statements of Identification
807
E.
Statements by Party Opponents
810
FRE 801(d)(2)(A)
810
[§]8.27.
Opposing Party's Statements
810
[§]8.28.
Spillover Confessions: Bruton Issues
814
FRE 801(d)(2)(B)
818
[§]8.29.
Adoptive Admissions
818
[§]8.30.
Silence by the Accused: Miranda Issues
825
FRE 801(d)(2)(C)
827
[§]8.31.
Authorized Statements
827
FRE 801(d)(2)(D)
833
[§]8.32.
Statements by Agents and Employees
833
FRE 801(d)(2)(E)
840
[§]8.33.
Coconspirator Statements
841
[§]8.34.
Procedural Issues
845
F.
Unrestricted Hearsay Exceptions
848
FRE 803(1)
848
[§]8.35.
Present Sense Impressions
848
FRE 803(2)
851
[§]8.36.
Excited Utterances
851
FRE 803(3)
858
[§]8.37.
The "State-of-Mind" Exception---Then-Existing Physical Condition
858
[§]8.38.
Then-Existing Mental Condition
860
[§]8.39.
Future Conduct
865
[§]8.40.
Facts Remembered or Believed
873
[§]8.41.
Wills Cases
877
FRE 803(4)
880
[§]8.42.
Medical Statements
880
FRE 803(5)
886
[§]8.43.
Past Recollection Recorded
886
FRE 803(6)
891
[§]8.44.
Business Records---Rationale and Requirements
891
[§]8.45.
Foundation Testimony
895
[§]8.46.
Scope and Standard Applications (Accident Reports; Medical Records; Computerized Data)
897
[§]8.47.
Trustworthiness Factor
904
FRE 803(7)
907
[§]8.48.
Absence of Entries in Business Records
907
FRE 803(8)
908
[§]8.49.
Public Records---Rationale and Scope
908
[§]8.50.
Varieties of Public Records
910
[§]8.51.
Crime Reports; Recorded
911
Calls; Forensic Lab Reports
914
[§]8.52.
Trustworthiness Factor
924
FRE 803(9)
927
[§]8.53.
Vital Statistics
927
FRE 803(10)
929
[§]8.54.
Absence of Entries in Public Records
929
FRE 803(11)
932
[§]8.55.
Religious Records
932
FRE 803(12)-(13)
932
[§]8.56.
Certificates, Family Records, and Statements
933
FRE 803(14)-(15)
934
[§]8.57.
Property Records and Documents
934
FRE 803(16)
936
[§]8.58.
Ancient Documents
937
FRE 803(17)
938
[§]8.59.
Market Reports and Commercial Lists
938
FRE 803(18)
940
[§]8.60.
Learned Treatises
940
FRE 803(19)-(21)
943
[§]8.61.
Reputation on Character and Other Matters
943
FRE 803(22)-(23)
946
[§]8.62.
Court Judgments: Felony Convictions; History and Boundaries
946
G.
Exceptions---Declarant Unavailable
950
FRE 804 (a)
950
[§]8.63.
Unavailability of Declarant---Claim of Privilege; Refusal to Testify
951
[§]8.64.
Lack of Memory
954
[§]8.65.
Death, Illness, Infirmity
955
[§]8.66.
Absent and Out of Reach; Procured Absence
956
[§]8.67.
Trauma and Psychological Unavailability; Child Abuse Victims
962
FRE 804(b)(l)
964
[§]8.68.
Former Testimony---Rationale and Requirements
964
[§]8.69.
"Predecessor in Interest" Problem
970
[§]8.70.
Remote and Deposition Testimony by Child Abuse Victims
973
FRE 804(b)(2)
978
[§]8.71.
Dying Declarations
978
FRE 804(b)(3)
981
[§]8.72.
Statements Against Interest---Philosophy and General Problems
982
[§]8.73.
Proprietary or Pecuniary Interest
987
[§]8.74.
Penal Interest: Statements Exonerating Defendant
990
[§]8.75.
Penal Interest: Statements Implicating Defendant
993
[§]8.76.
Penal Interest: "Safe" Statements
1002
FRE 804(b) (4)
1003
[§]8.77.
Personal or Family History
1003
FRE 804(b)(6)
1004
[§]8.78.
Statements Admissible Because of Forfeiture by Wrongdoing
1004
H.
Hearsay on Hearsay; Impeachment and Support
1015
FRE 805
1015
[§]8.79.
Layered or Multiple Hearsay
1015
FRE 806
1017
[§]8.80.
Impeachment and Support of Hearsay Declarants
1017
I.
The Catchall Exception
1019
FRE 807
1019
[§]8.81.
The Basic Requirements
1019
[§]8.82.
An Important Use: Child Victim Statements
1024
J.
Hearsay and Confrontation
1027
[§]8.83.
Right of Confrontation---Origins and Basic Meaning
1027
[§]8.84.
"Testimonial" Hearsay---Reach and Limits of the Crawford Doctrine
1034
[§]8.85.
The Davis "Emergency Exception"
1042
[§]8.86.
Nontestimonal Statements, or Uses of Statements
1045
[§]8.87.
Statements Subject to Prior Cross-Examination
1049
[§]8.88.
Statements Subject to Deferred Cross-Examination
1056
[§]8.89.
Waiving Confrontation Rights
1063
[§]8.90.
The Giles Case: Forfeiture of Confrontation Rights
1066
[§]8.91.
New Hearsay and Protected Witness Testimony
1072
[§]8.92.
Confrontation Clause and Defense Rights to Introduce Hearsay
1075
ch. 9
Foundational Evidence, Authentication
A.
Introduction
1083
[§]9.1.
Introduction
1083
[§]9.2.
Pretrial Authentication
1085
FRE 901(a)
1086
[§]9.3.
Laying a Foundation
1086
B.
Types of Foundations
1088
FRE 901(b)(1)
1088
[§]9.4.
Testimony of Person with Knowledge
1089
[§]9.5.
Chain of Custody
1091
FRE 901(b)(2)
1093
[§]9.6.
Handwriting---Lay Opinion
1093
FRE 901(b)(3)
1095
[§]9.7.
Handwriting and Other Specimens---Expert Opinion; Comparison by Trier
1095
FRE 901(b)(4)
1096
[§]9.8.
Distinctive Characteristics
1097
FRE 901(b)(5)
1100
[§]9.9.
Voice Identification
1100
FRE 901(b)(6)
1102
[§]9.10.
Outgoing Telephone Calls
1102
FRE 901(b)(7)
1103
[§]9.11.
Public Records or Reports
1103
FRE 901(b)(8)
1104
[§]9.12.
Ancient Documents
1104
FRE 901(b)(9)
1105
[§]9.13.
Process or System---Tape Recordings
1105
[§]9.14.
Photographs, Videotapes, X-rays
1107
[§]9.15.
E-Mails, Web Pages
1111
[§]9.16.
Computer Output
1115
[§]9.17.
Polls, Surveys
1118
FRE 901(b)(10)
1119
[§]9.18.
Other Methods Authorized by Statute or Rule
1119
C.
Self-Authentication
1120
[§]9.19.
Self-Authentication Doctrine
1120
FRE 902(1)
1121
[§]9.20.
Domestic Public Documents Under Seal
1121
FRE 902(2)
1123
[§]9.21.
Domestic Public Documents Not Under Seal
1124
FRE 902(3)
1125
[§]9.22.
Foreign Public Documents
1126
FRE 902(4)
1128
[§]9.23.
Certified Copies of Public Records
1128
FRE 902(5)
1131
[§]9.24.
Official Publications
1131
FRE 902(6)
1132
[§]9.25.
Newspapers and Periodicals
1132
FRE 902(7)
1134
[§]9.26.
Trade Inscriptions
1134
FRE 902(8)
1135
[§]9.27.
Acknowledged Documents
1135
FRE 902(9)
1136
[§]9.28.
Commercial Paper
1136
FRE 902(10)
1137
[§]9.29.
Statutes Establishing Presumptively Genuine Documents
1138
FRE902 (11)-(12)
1138
[§]9.30.
Certified Records of Regularly Conducted
Activity
1139
D.
Subscribing Witnesses
1140
FRE 903
1140
[§]9.31.
Testimony of Subscribing Witnesses Unnecessary
1141
E.
Demonstrative Evidence
1142
[§]9.32.
Demonstrative Evidence---Definition and General Principles
1142
[§]9.33.
Drawings, Charts, Diagrams, Maps, and Models
1145
[§]9.34.
Displays, Demonstrations
1147
[§]9.35.
Computer Animations, Simulations
1149
[§]9.36.
Experiments
1153
[§]9.37.
Jury Views
1156
ch. 10
The Best Evidence Doctrine
[§]10.1.
Introduction
1159
A.
Scope and Definitions
1163
FRE 1001 (a)-(b)
1163
[§]10.2.
Writings, Recordings
1163
FRE 1001 (c)
1165
[§]10.3.
Photographs
1165
FRE 1001 (d)
1166
[§]10.4.
"Original" Defined
1166
FRE 1001 (e)
1169
[§]10.5.
"Duplicate" Defined
1170
B.
The Doctrine in Operation
1173
FRE 1002
1173
[§]10.6.
Proving Content
1173
[§]10.7.
Testimony Based on Independent Knowledge
1176
FRE 1003
1178
[§]10.8.
Admissibility of Duplicates
1178
[§]10.9.
Transcripts
1183
C.
Production of Original Excused
1185
[§]10.10.
Original Unavailable
1185
FRE 1004 (a)
1187
[§]10.11.
Original Lost or Destroyed
1187
FRE 1004(b)
1188
[§]10.12.
Original Beyond Reach of Judicial Process
1188
FRE 1004(c)
1190
[§]10.13.
Original in Possession of Opponent
1191
FRE 1004(d)
1192
[§]10.14.
Collateral Matter Exception
1192
D.
Other Exemptions
1193
FRE 1005
1193
[§]10.15.
Application of Best Evidence Doctrine to Public Records
1194
FRE 1006
1196
[§]10.16.
Summaries
1197
FRE 1007
1203
[§]10.17.
Written or Testimonial Admission of Content
1203
FRE 1008
1204
[§]10.18.
Functions of Judge and Jury
1204
Table of Cases
1207
Table of Law Review Articles
1269
Table of Books and Treatises
1289
Index
1295