Amnesty justified? : the need for a case by case approach in the interests of human rights / Vera Vriezen.
2012
K5132 .V75 2012 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
Amnesty justified? : the need for a case by case approach in the interests of human rights / Vera Vriezen.
Published
Cambridge ; Antwerp : Intersentia, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
K5132 .V75 2012
ISBN
9781780680750 (pbk.)
1780680759 (pbk.)
1780680759 (pbk.)
Description
xvii, 270 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)798054401
Note
Revised thesis (doctoral) - Tilburg University, 2011.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 235-261).
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Dankwoord
vii
List of Abbreviations
xv
pt. 1
INTRODUCTION
1
ch. I
General introduction
3
1.
Introduction
3
2.
Research question
5
3.
Objective of the study
5
4.
Research approach
6
pt. 2
IMPUNITY AND AMNESTY
9
ch. II
Impunity
11
1.
Introduction
11
2.
Impunity
13
3.
Forms of de iure impunity
17
3.1.
Amnesty laws
18
3.2.
Pardons
18
4.
Effects on society
20
5.
From impunity to a culture of impunity
22
6.
Conclusion
25
ch. III
Amnesty
27
1.
Introduction
28
2.
The purposes of amnesty and the benefits of prosecution
29
2.1.
Purposes of amnesty
32
2.2.
Benefits of prosecution
35
3.
Forms of amnesty
39
3.1.
De iure amnesty
39
3.1.1.
Blanket amnesty
39
3.1.2.
Self-amnesty
41
3.1.3.
Limited/political amnesty
42
3.1.4.
Conditional amnesty
43
3.1.5.
Corrective amnesty
44
3.1.6.
Internationally legitimized amnesty
45
3.2.
De facto amnesty
46
4.
Timing and method of granting the amnesty
47
4.1.
Amnesty before a transition or the end of conflict
47
4.2.
Amnesty in a period of transition
47
5.
Arguments in favour and against amnesty
49
5.1.
In favour
50
5.2.
Against
53
6.
Conclusion
58
pt. 3
THE LEGALITY OF NATIONAL AMNESTY LAWS
61
ch. IV
The legality of national amnesty laws under international law
63
1.
Introduction
63
2.
The duty to prosecute in general international and regional human rights treaty law
66
2.1.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
66
2.1.1.
ICCPR
66
2.1.2.
Human Rights Committee
68
2.2.
American Convention on Human Rights 1969
71
2.2.1.
ACHR
71
2.2.2.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
73
2.2.3.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
76
2.3.
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950
80
2.3.1.
European Convention
80
2.3.2.
European Court of Human Rights
80
3.
The duty to prosecute in human rights conventions on specific crimes
83
3.1.
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948
83
3.2.
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity 1968
84
3.3.
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 1976
86
3.4.
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984
87
3.4.1.
Convention
88
3.4.2.
Committee Against Torture
89
3.5.
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture 1985
90
3.6.
Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons 1994
91
3.7.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 2006
92
4.
The duty to prosecute in international humanitarian law
95
4.1.
Geneva Conventions 1949
95
4.2.
Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions 1977
98
5.
The duty to prosecute in statutes of international courts and tribunals
99
5.1.
Introduction
99
5.2.
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
100
5.3.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
102
5.4.
International Criminal Court
103
5.5.
Special Court for Sierra Leone
107
6.
Universal jurisdiction
111
7.
Conclusion
116
ch. V
The United Nations' position and practice on impunity, amnesties and the duty to prosecute
119
1.
Introduction
119
2.
General Assembly
120
3.
Security Council
125
4.
International Court of Justice
133
5.
Secretary-General
136
6.
Commission on Human Rights/Human Rights Council
143
6.1.
Commission on Human Rights
143
6.2.
Human Rights Council
149
7.
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
150
8.
Conclusion
154
ch. VI
Amnesty and the rights of victims
157
1.
Introduction
157
2.
The right to know the truth
162
2.1.
Introduction
162
2.2.
The development of the right to know the truth
167
2.3.
The right to know the truth in international human rights law
171
2.4.
Mechanisms to guarantee the right to know the truth
172
2.5.
Interrelationship with other victims' rights
180
2.6.
Conclusion
181
3.
The right to reparation
182
3.1.
Introduction
182
3.2.
The development of the right to reparation
185
3.3.
The right to reparation in international human rights law
188
3.4.
Mechanisms to guarantee the right to reparation
139
3.5.
Interrelationship with other victims' rights
194
3.6.
Conclusion
197
4.
The right to justice
198
4.1.
Introduction
198
4.2.
The development of the right to justice
200
4.3.
The right to justice in international human rights law
202
4.4.
Mechanisms to guarantee the right to justice
208
4.5.
Interrelationship with other victims' rights
209
4.6.
Conclusion
210
5.
Victim participation
210
6.
Conclusion
212
pt. 4
FRAMEWORK FOR THE LEGITIMATE USE OF AMNESTY
215
ch. VII
Framework for the legitimate use of amnesty
217
1.
Introduction
217
2.
Considerations for the drafting of a framework
218
3.
Framework for the legitimate use of amnesty
223
Samenvatting (Dutch summary)
229
Bibliography
235
Curriculum Vitae
263
School of Human Rights Research Series
265