Transition from illegal regimes under international law / Yaël Ronen.
2011
KZ4024 .R66 2011 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Transition from illegal regimes under international law / Yaël Ronen.
Published
Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Call Number
KZ4024 .R66 2011
ISBN
9780521197779 (hbk.)
0521197775 (hbk.)
0521197775 (hbk.)
Description
xliii, 356 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)670484642
Summary
"Yaël Ronen analyses the international legal ramifications of illegal territorial regimes, namely the illegal annexation of territory or illegal declarations of independence, by reference to the stage of transition from an illegal territorial regime to a lawful one. Six case studies (Namibia, Zimbabwe, the Baltic States, the South African Bantustans, East Timor and northern Cyprus) are used to explore the tension between the invalidity of the illegal regime's acts and their effectiveness, with respect to the international relations of such territories, their domestic legal systems, the status of settlers and land transfers. Relying heavily on primary and previously unconsidered sources, she focuses on the international legal constraints on the post-transition regime's policy, particularly in the context of international human rights law"-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 321-343) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
ix
Acknowledgements
xi
Foreword
xiii
Table of treaties
xv
Table of case law
xxiv
Table of UN documents
xxxi
Table of domestic legislation and similar acts
xxxvi
Table of documents of intergovernmental organizations
xlii
1.
Introduction 1
2.
The case studies 16
2.1.
The Baltic states 16
2.1.1.
The annexation of the Baltic states by the USSR 16
2.1.2.
The international reaction to the annexation of the Baltic states 18
2.1.3.
The illegality of the annexation of the Baltic states 21
2.1.4.
The restoration of independence of the Baltic states 24
2.2.
Rhodesia 27
2.2.1.
The unilateral declaration of independence 27
2.2.2.
The international response to UDI 29
2.2.3.
The illegality of Rhodesia's independence 31
2.2.4.
The distinction between government and state 34
2.2.5.
The reversion of Rhodesia to colonial status 35
2.3.
Namibia 38
2.3.1.
The South African administration 38
2.3.2.
The international response to continued South African administration 41
2.3.3.
The illegality of the South African administration of Namibia 45
2.3.4.
The transition of Namibia to independence 46
2.4.
The TBVC 47
2.4.1.
The establishment of the TBVC 47
2.4.2.
The international response to the establishment of the TBVC 49
2.4.3.
The illegality of the establishment of the TBVC 50
2.4.4.
The reincorporation of the TBVC into South Africa 51
2.5.
Timor-Leste 54
2.5.1.
The annexation of Timor-Leste by Indonesia 54
2.5.2.
The international response to the annexation of Timor-Leste 56
2.5.3.
The illegality of the annexation of Timor-Leste 58
2.5.4.
The transition of Timor-Leste to independence 60
2.6.
The TRNC 61
2.6.1.
The establishment of the TRNC 61
2.6.2.
The international response to the establishment of the TRNC 64
2.6.3.
The illegality of the establishment of the TRNC 65
2.6.4.
The Annan Plan 67
3.
The obligation of non-recognition 71
3.1.
Introduction 71
3.2.
The obligation of non-recognition with respect to treaty and diplomatic relations 73
3.3.
The obligation of non-recognition with respect to other dealings with the illegal regime 78
3.4.
The exception to the prohibitions relating to international interaction 80
3.5.
The obligation of non-recognition with respect to internal acts 81
3.5.1.
Introduction 81
3.5.2.
The prohibition and the Namibia exception 83
3.5.3.
The effect of international human rights law on the Namibia exception 88
3.5.4.
The beneficiaries of the exception 98
3.6.
Conclusions 101
4.
The effect of transition on treaty relations of the territory 103
4.1.
Introduction 103
4.2.
Doctrine 104
4.2.1.
Transition with respect to prior treaties 104
4.2.2.
Treaties concluded by the illegal regime 110
4.3.
Practice 114
4.3.1.
Rhodesia 114
4.3.2.
Namibia 117
4.3.3.
The Baltic states 133
4.3.4.
The TBVC 141
4.3.5.
Timor-Leste 145
4.3.6.
The TRNC 155
4.4.
Conclusions 156
4.4.1.
Transition with respect to prior treaties 156
4.4.2.
Treaties concluded by the illegal regime 157
5.
The effect of transition on the domestic law of the territory 159
5.1.
Doctrine 159
5.1.1.
The post-transition regime's freedom of action 159
5.1.2.
Retroactive effect of criminal norms of the illegal regime 161
5.1.3.
Prospective validity of acts of the illegal regime 162
5.2.
Practice 163
5.2.1.
Rhodesia 163
5.2.2.
Namibia 165
5.2.3.
The Baltic states 170
5.2.4.
The TBVC 171
5.2.5.
Timor-Leste 174
5.2.6.
The TRNC 182
5.3.
Conclusions 184
6.
The effect of transition on settlers implanted by illegal regimes 186
6.1.
Introduction 186
6.2.
Doctrine 187
6.2.1.
Status granted to settlers under an illegal regime 187
6.2.2.
Limitations on expulsion of settlers based on international human rights law 190
6.2.3.
Conclusions 213
6.3.
Practice 214
6.3.1.
Rhodesia 214
6.3.2.
The Baltic states 216
6.3.3.
The TBVC 227
6.3.4.
Timor-Leste 228
6.3.5.
The TRNC 231
6.4.
Conclusions 239
7.
The effect of transition on land titles 246
7.1.
Introduction 246
7.2.
Doctrine 248
7.2.1.
Types of changes to rights in land under the illegal regime 248
7.2.2.
The effect of transition on land rights granted by the illegal regime 250
7.2.3.
Limitations on restoration of land based on international human rights law 254
7.3.
Practice 264
7.3.1.
Rhodesia 264
7.3.2.
Namibia 267
7.3.3.
The Baltic states 270
7.3.4.
The TBVC 279
7.3.5.
Timor-Leste 283
7.3.6.
The TRNC 294
7.4.
Conclusions 307
8.
Conclusions: Non-recognition and transition 312
8.1.
Reversion to the status quo ante versus continuity 314
8.2.
Exceptions to continuity in domestic law: residence and rights in land 316
8.3.
Reversion to the status quo ante and the requisites of statehood 317
8.4.
The effect of international human rights law on reversion to the status quo ante 319
8.5.
Conclusion 320
Selected bibliography 321
Index 345