Mixed agreements revisited : the EU and its member states in the world / edited by Christophe Hillion and Panos Koutrakos.
2010
KJE5106.A8 M594 2010 (Map It)
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Title
Mixed agreements revisited : the EU and its member states in the world / edited by Christophe Hillion and Panos Koutrakos.
Published
Oxford [England] ; Portland, Or. : Hart, 2010.
Call Number
KJE5106.A8 M594 2010
ISBN
9781841139548 (hbk.)
1841139548 (hbk.)
1841139548 (hbk.)
Description
xxi, 396 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)463639819
Note
Papers from a conference held in Leiden and Bristol during May 2008.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Portion of Title
EU and its member states in the world
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Szladits Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Szladits Fund
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
List of Contributors
xvii
Introduction
xix
1.
Opening Remarks[—]Evolution of Mixity since the Leiden 1982 Conference
1
I.
Introduction / Christiaan Timmermans
1
II.
What has Happened in the Meantime? / Christiaan Timmermans
2
III.
Conclusion / Christiaan Timmermans
7
IV.
The Future / Christiaan Timmermans
7
Part I Typology Of Mixed Agreements / Christiaan Timmermans
9
2.
A Typology of Mixed Bilateral Agreements / Christiaan Timmermans
11
I.
Introduction / Marc Maresceau
11
II.
Why Bilateral Mixity? / Marc Maresceau
14
III.
Different Categories of Mixed Bilateral Agreements / Marc Maresceau
16
A.
Association agreements / Marc Maresceau
17
B.
Cooperation agreements of a general nature without association / Marc Maresceau
20
C.
Mixed trade and cooperation agreements with political dialogue / Marc Maresceau
24
D.
Mixed sectoral agreements without political dialogue / Marc Maresceau
24
IV.
Concluding Remarks / Marc Maresceau
27
3.
Cross-pillar Mixity: Combining Competences in the Conclusion of EU International Agreements / Marc Maresceau
30
I.
Introduction: the Condusion of EU International Agreements / Ramses A Wessel
30
II.
Forms of Mixity in the Union / Ramses A Wessel
32
A.
Was there a need for mixity in the non-Community parts of the EU? / Ramses A Wessel
32
B.
Cross-pillar second/third pillar combinations / Ramses A Wessel
34
C.
Cross-pillar EU/EC combinations / Ramses A Wessel
38
D.
EU/Member State combinations / Ramses A Wessel
40
E.
EU/EC/Member State combinations / Ramses A Wessel
44
III.
Restraints on Member States' External Competences and the Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice / Ramses A Wessel
46
A.
Cross-pillar agreements: the effects on Member States / Ramses A Wessel
46
B.
The jurisdiction of the Court of Justice / Ramses A Wessel
47
IV.
EU Mixity after Lisbon / Ramses A Wessel
49
V.
Conclusion / Ramses A Wessel
53
Part II The Constitutional Framework / Ramses A Wessel
55
4.
Federalism and Foreign Affairs: Mixity as a (Inter)national Phenomenon / Ramses A Wessel
57
I.
Introduction: The Federal Principle and Foreign Affairs / Robert Schütze
57
II.
Federal States and Foreign Affairs: Comparative Constitutional Perspectives / Robert Schütze
58
A.
The 'Closed' Federation: The United States of America / Robert Schütze
59
B.
The 'Open' Federation: The German Federal State in Constitutional History / Robert Schütze
65
C.
Conclusion: Federal States, Foreign Affairs and (the absence of) Mixed Agreements / Robert Schütze
70
III.
The European Union and Foreign Affairs: Pure and Mixed Agreements / Robert Schütze
72
A.
The Scope of the European Union's Treaty Powers: The Doctrine of Parallelism / Robert Schütze
74
B.
The Scope of the Member States' Treaty Powers: Constitutional and Legislative Pre-emption / Robert Schütze
77
C.
Mixed Agreements and Foreign Affairs: Europe's Federal Constitutional Convention / Robert Schütze
79
IV.
Conclusion: Mixed Agreements as a (Inter)national Phenomenon / Robert Schütze
84
5.
Mixity and Coherence in EU External Relations: the Significance of the 'Duty of Cooperation' / Robert Schütze
87
I.
Introduction / Christophe Hillion
87
II.
The Constitutional Foundation of the Duty of Cooperation / Christophe Hillion
88
III.
The Constraining Effects of the Duty of Cooperation / Christophe Hillion
92
A.
A duty involving legal obligations / Christophe Hillion
93
B.
Unconditional effects / Christophe Hillion
94
C.
A duty involving specific procedural obligations / Christophe Hillion
97
IV.
The Differentiated Application of the Duty of Cooperation / Christophe Hillion
102
A.
The duty of cooperation and interlinked exercise of Member States and Union competences / Christophe Hillion
103
B.
The application of the duty of cooperation where Member States and Union exercise their respective competences independently / Christophe Hillion
106
V.
Conclusion / Christophe Hillion
114
6.
Interpretation of Mixed Agreements / Christophe Hillion
116
I.
Introduction / Panos Koutrakos
116
II.
The Origin / Panos Koutrakos
117
III.
The Principle / Panos Koutrakos
118
IV.
Jurisdiction to Interpret Mixed Agreements in the Context of Enforcement Proceedings / Panos Koutrakos
123
V.
The More Recent Twist / Panos Koutrakos
129
VI.
Conclusion: Which Union Interest? / Panos Koutrakos
135
7.
Adoption of Positions under Mixed Agreements (Implementation) / Panos Koutrakos
138
I.
Introduction / Joni Heliskoski
138
II.
The General Legal Framework / Joni Heliskoski
140
III.
Acts and Instruments Governing the Adoption of Positions / Joni Heliskoski
142
IV.
Circumstances in Which a Union Position Must be Adopted / Joni Heliskoski
146
A.
Matters within the Union's exclusive competence / Joni Heliskoski
146
B.
Matters within the Union's non-exclusive competence / Joni Heliskoski
149
V.
Union Law Obligations Governing the Exercise of Member State Competence / Joni Heliskoski
154
VI.
Conclusions / Joni Heliskoski
158
8.
Disconnection Clauses in EU Law and Practice / Joni Heliskoski
160
I.
Introduction / Marise Cremona
160
II.
What is a Disconnection Clause and When is it Used? / Marise Cremona
162
A.
'Without prejudice' and 'non-affect' clauses / Marise Cremona
164
B.
The 'standard' disconnection clause / Marise Cremona
168
III.
The Legal Effect of the Disconnection Clause and the Autonomy of the Union Legal Order / Marise Cremona
171
IV.
Disconnection Clauses and Mixed Agreements / Marise Cremona
179
V.
Disconnection Clauses and Exclusivity / Marise Cremona
181
VI.
Conclusion / Marise Cremona
185
9.
Beware of the Trojan Horse: Dispute Settlement in (Mixed) Agreements and the Autonomy of the EU Legal Order / Marise Cremona
187
I.
Introduction to the Foundations of the Autonomy of the EU Legal Order / Inge Govaere
187
II.
Interconnecting with Public International Law Whilst Guarding Against the Trojan Horse / Inge Govaere
190
III.
International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms for Settling Disputes with Third Countries / Inge Govaere
192
A.
Allocation of powers between the EU and its Member States / Inge Govaere
193
B.
Essential character of powers of EU institutions / Inge Govaere
194
C.
Binding interpretation of rules of Union law referred to in the agreement / Inge Govaere
196
IV.
Dispute Settlement Under (Mixed) Agreements Between Member States and/or EU Institutions / Inge Govaere
199
A.
Potential importance of mixity for Member States / Inge Govaere
199
B.
(Mixed) agreements concluded by the EU: the Haegeman track / Inge Govaere
200
C.
Implications for agreements concluded solely by Member States: the Open Skies track? / Inge Govaere
202
D.
Coincidence with international law: plea for a judicial disconnection clause / Inge Govaere
203
V.
Duty of Close Cooperation and Dispute Settlement: Member States and Third Countries / Inge Govaere
205
VI.
Conclusion / Inge Govaere
207
10.
International Responsibility for EU Mixed Agreements / Inge Govaere
208
I.
Introduction / Pieter Jan Kuijper
208
II.
The Case Law / Pieter Jan Kuijper
209
A.
The European Court of Justice / Pieter Jan Kuijper
209
B.
The European Court of Human Rights / Pieter Jan Kuijper
210
C.
WTO Panels and the Appellate Body / Pieter Jan Kuijper
213
D.
Excursus the European Court of Human Rights and UN peace-keeping / Pieter Jan Kuijper
215
III.
The Rules on Responsibility and Treaty Law / Pieter Jan Kuijper
217
A.
The ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations and the EU / Pieter Jan Kuijper
217
B.
Some practice with respect to responsibility for EU mixed agreements / Pieter Jan Kuijper
224
C.
What does all of this tell us about responsibility in the case of EU mixed agreements? / Pieter Jan Kuijper
226
Part III Practice And Actors Of Mixed Agreements / Pieter Jan Kuijper
229
11.
Mixity in Practice: Some Problems and Their (Real or Possible) Solution / Pieter Jan Kuijper
231
I.
Introduction / Jeno Czuczai
231
II.
Treaty-making Process / Jeno Czuczai
231
A.
General legal framework for managing mixity / Jeno Czuczai
231
B.
The negotiation phase / Jeno Czuczai
234
C.
The conclusion phase / Jeno Czuczai
238
III.
Suspension of the Application and Implementation of a Mixed Agreement / Jeno Czuczai
245
IV.
Conclusions / Jeno Czuczai
247
12.
Curse or Blessing? Mixed Agreements in the Recent Practice of the European Union and its Member States / Jeno Czuczai
249
I.
Introduction / Frank Hofftneister
249
II.
The Evolution of Mixity / Frank Hofftneister
250
A.
The legal basis for 'new mixity' / Frank Hofftneister
250
B.
Inter-pillar practice since 2000 / Frank Hofftneister
251
III.
Recent Practice on Agreements Concluded by the Union and its Member States / Frank Hofftneister
253
A.
Treaty making / Frank Hofftneister
253
B.
Application / Frank Hofftneister
257
C.
Enforcement / Frank Hofftneister
262
IV.
Conclusion / Frank Hofftneister
267
13.
Mixed Agreements from the Perspective of the European Parliament / Frank Hofftneister
269
I.
Introduction / Ricardo Passos
269
II.
The State of Play under the Treaty of Nice: an Insufficient Involvement by the Parliament During Negotiations but a Trend to Set Preconditions / Ricardo Passos
272
A.
No specific provision in the Treaties: Article 300 EC as the general rule / Ricardo Passos
272
B.
The Framework Agreement on Relations between the European Parliament and the Commission / Ricardo Passos
273
C.
Recent trend to set preconditions when the assent procedure is required / Ricardo Passos
277
D.
The Parliament may show its concern at the assent procedure / Ricardo Passos
280
III.
New Perspectives with the Lisbon Treaty / Ricardo Passos
281
A.
The Commission should remain, wherever possible, the negotiator of mixed agreements / Ricardo Passos
282
B.
The enhanced role of the European Parliament / Ricardo Passos
284
C.
Inter-parliamentary cooperation between the European Parliament and the national parliaments / Ricardo Passos
290
IV.
Conclusion / Ricardo Passos
292
14.
Nulty in Practice[—]the View from The Netherlands / Ricardo Passos
295
I.
Introduction / Ivo van der Steen
295
II.
Discussions at EU Level / Ivo van der Steen
296
III.
Internal Problems / Ivo van der Steen
299
IV.
Practical Solutions / Ivo van der Steen
301
V.
National Approval of Agreements / Ivo van der Steen
301
VI.
Conclusion / Ivo van der Steen
302
15.
Mixity in Practice[—]A Member State Practitioner's Perspective / Ivo van der Steen
304
I.
Introduction / Ivan Smyth
304
II.
Negotiating Mandates / Ivan Smyth
304
III.
The Conduct of the Negotiations and the Establishment of Agreed Positions When Negotiating Mixed Agreements / Ivan Smyth
309
IV.
Signature of Mixed Agreements and Provisional Application / Ivan Smyth
313
V.
Conclusion of Agreements and Declarations of Competence / Ivan Smyth
315
VI.
Conclusion / Ivan Smyth
318
16.
Mixity Seen from Outside the EC but Inside the Internal Market / Ivan Smyth
320
I.
Introduction / Henrik Bull
320
II.
An Overview / Henrik Bull
322
III.
The EEA Agreement Unproblematic Mixity? / Henrik Bull
324
IV.
Was Article 24 TEU Worse Than Mixity? / Henrik Bull
326
V.
'Substantive Mixity'[—]the Real Problem for EFTA States? / Henrik Bull
328
17.
Mixity from the Outside the Perspective of a 'Treaty Partner / Henrik Bull
331
I.
Introduction / Peter Olson
331
II.
Conceptual and Legal Challenges Associated with Mixity / Peter Olson
333
A.
The tension between minty and standard treaty practice / Peter Olson
333
B.
The ambiguity of EU 'declarations of competence' / Peter Olson
335
C.
Troubling 'disconnection clauses' / Peter Olson
337
III.
Practical Problems Associated with Mixity / Peter Olson
338
A.
Negotiating with the EU and its Member States / Peter Olson
338
B.
The participation of the EU and its Member States in international organisations / Peter Olson
340
C.
Authentic languages of mixed agreements / Peter Olson
341
D.
International responsibility of the EU and its Member States under mixed agreements / Peter Olson
342
E.
The entry into force of mixed agreements / Peter Olson
345
IV.
Conclusion / Peter Olson
346
Part IV The Future Of Mixed Agreements / Peter Olson
349
18.
Mixity in the Era of the Treaty of Lisbon / Peter Olson
351
I.
The New Treaty and Union Structure / Alan Dashwood
352
II.
Exclusive Union Competence / Alan Dashwood
355
A.
A priori exclusivity / Alan Dashwood
356
B.
Supervening exclusivity through operation of the AETR and Opinion 1/76 principles / Alan Dashwood
360
III.
Blurring the Boundary between Union Competences / Alan Dashwood
363
IV.
Conclusions / Alan Dashwood
365
19.
The Future of Milky / Alan Dashwood
367
I.
Mixity is Here to Stay / Allan Rams
367
II.
Learning to Live with Mixity / Allan Rams
371
Index / Allan Rams
375