Media politics : a citizen's guide / Shanto Iyengar.
2011
P95.82.U6 I94 2011 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Media politics : a citizen's guide / Shanto Iyengar.
Published
New York : W. W. Norton & Co., [2011]
Copyright
©2011
Call Number
P95.82.U6 I94 2011
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780393935578 (pbk.)
0393935574 (pbk.)
0393935574 (pbk.)
Description
xxii, 407 pages : illustrations, map ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)717304757
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Rouse Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Rouse Fund
Table of Contents
Video Archives
xiii
Acknowledgments
xxi
1.
Introduction: Image Is Everything
1
Media-Based Politics in the United States
2
Outline of the Book
4
Behavior and Performance of the Press
6
Shaping the News: Candidates, Advocacy Groups, and Elected Officials
9
Media Effects
13
2.
The Press and the Democratic Process: The American System in Comparative Perspective
18
Media Politics as the Successor to Party Politics
21
Patterns of Media Ownership and Regulation
27
Public versus Commercial Ownership of Broadcast Media
28
Alternative Approaches to Media Regulation
35
Broadcast Media
35
Print Media
40
Regulating News Media Coverage of Campaigns
43
Conclusion
45
Summary
46
Further Readings
47
3.
The Media Marketplace: Where Americans Get the News
50
Audiences
53
Credibility
60
What Gets Reported?
64
Market Pressures
66
A Case Study of Local Television News
69
Organizational Processes and Routines
71
Autonomy and Objectivity as Dominant Values
71
Interpretive Journalism
72
Combat Stories
76
Accessibility and Appropriateness
80
Routines and Procedures
82
Sources
84
Conclusion
85
Summary
88
Further Readings
89
4.
Reporters, Official Sources, and the Decline of Adversarial Journalism
92
Indexing the News
93
National Security News: The Triumph of Official Journalism
97
News Coverage of the Vietnam War: A Case Study of Indexing
98
The Lessons of Vietnam: Restricted Press Access
100
The Lessons of Grenada: Media Pools
102
A Refinement of Media Pools: Embedded Journalists
105
Conclusion
107
Summary
109
Further Readings
110
5.
New Media, New Forms of Campaigning
113
The Diffusion of Technology
114
Effects of New Media on Consumers
120
Internet Use and Civic Engagement
121
Selective Exposure to Online News?
124
The Attentive Public Hypothesis
125
The Partisan Polarization Hypothesis
127
Case Study: The Polarization of the Blogosphere
131
The Issue Public Hypothesis
132
Impact of the Internet on Campaign Organizations
135
Conclusion
143
Summary
144
Further Readings
145
6.
Campaigning Through the Media
149
Strategies for Managing the Press
150
Avoiding Feeding Frenzies
151
Dealing with the Objectivity Imperative
152
Playing the Expectations Game
153
Managing Events
154
Regulating Access
156
Playing One Source against Another
157
Dueling Press Releases
158
Advertising Strategy
160
Targeting the Audience
160
Planting the Seed: Early Advertising
164
Image versus Issue Spots
164
Issue Ownership
166
Wedge Appeals: Us versus Them
169
The 1994 Campaign: "They Keep Coming"
172
The 2010 Campaign: Flip-Flopping on Immigration
172
Negative Advertising
173
Negative Themes
174
Reactivity: Attacks Provoke Counterattacks
175
Direct Mail as an Alternative to Televised Advertising
179
Campaign Finance Reform: A Brief Overview
181
Candidate Debates
187
Conclusion
190
Summary
191
Further Readings
193
7.
Going Public: Governing Through the Media
195
Case Study: A Tale of Two Disasters
199
Presidential Communication
200
The President's Media Managers
207
Getting the Message Out
203
News Coverage
205
Speechmaking
208
The Press Conference
211
Alternatives to the Press Conference
215
The Public Congressperson
217
Committee Hearings
217
Policy versus Electoral Goals
219
The Rise of Issue Advertising
222
Conclusion
224
Summary
225
Further Readings
227
8.
News and Public Opinion
229
Conceptualizations of Media Influence
230
The Choice of Methods
233
Identifying Causes: The Advantage of Experiments
233
Generalizability: The Advantage of Surveys
236
Combining Experimental and Survey Approaches
238
Varieties of Media Effects
239
Learning
239
Agenda Control
242
Setting the Elite Agenda
245
Psychological Accounts of Agenda Setting
246
Priming Effects
247
Framing Effects
252
Persuasion Effects
257
Receiver-Related Contingencies
258
Source- and Message-Related Contingencies
259
Conclusion
261
Summary
262
Further Readings
263
Appendix to Chapter 8
A Case Study of Receiver-Related Contingencies: Partisan Differences in Acceptance of Iraq War Messages
264
9.
Campaigns That Matter
272
Political Context Versus Campaign Effects
272
Voter Dynamics: Forecasting Presidential Elections
274
The Influence of Campaigns
276
Voting as an Expression of Partisanship
277
Holding the Base
279
Attracting Swing Voters
285
Educating Voters
287
Learning and Momentum in Primary Campaigns
293
Campaigns and Turnout
297
Conclusion
301
Summary
302
Further Readings
303
10.
The Consequences of Going Public
306
Theories of Presidential Popularity
307
Inevitable Decline?
307
Real-World Cues
310
The Role of Presidential Rhetoric
312
Why Media Management Matters
313
The Rally Effect
315
Assessing the Impact of Events and News on Popularity
318
Going Public and Public Policy: Power to the People?
321
Conclusion
328
Summary
329
Further Readings
330
Appendix to Chapter 10
Time-Series Analysis
331
11.
Evaluating Media Politics
334
Issueless Coverage: A Case Study of Crime
336
Strengthening Public Service Broadcasting
341
Giving Candidates Free Media Time
343
Encouraging a More Partisan Press
346
Fostering Direct Communication Between Candidates and Voters
349
Reaching the Technology Generation
351
Conclusion
354
Summary
355
Further Readings
356
Bibliography
359
Credits
385
Index
387