Supreme Court decisions and women's rights : milestones to equality / edited by Clare Cushman ; foreword by Ruth Bader Ginsburg ; sponsored by the Supreme Court Historical Society.
2011
KF4758 .S87 2011 (Map It)
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Title
Supreme Court decisions and women's rights : milestones to equality / edited by Clare Cushman ; foreword by Ruth Bader Ginsburg ; sponsored by the Supreme Court Historical Society.
Published
Washington, D.C. : CQ Press, [2011]
Copyright
©2011
Call Number
KF4758 .S87 2011
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9781608714063 (hardbound : alk. paper)
1608714063 (hardbound : alk. paper)
9781608714070 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1608714071 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1608714063 (hardbound : alk. paper)
9781608714070 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1608714071 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Description
xviii, 310 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)500818115
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-293) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Added Author
Added Corporate Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Table of Contents
Contributors
xi
Foreword
xiii
Introduction
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
1.
Romantic Paternalism
1
Early Exclusion
2
Barred from Being Lawyers
2
Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
2
The Right to Practice a Trade
4
Slaughter-House Cases (1873)
4
Denied: The Right to Vote
7
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
7
Myra Bradwell: Editor, Publisher, Reformer
8
Susan B. Anthony on Trial
12
The Nineteenth Amendment
14
Protecting Women's Health and Morals
16
The Nature of Women's Work
16
The Ten-Hour Workday
16
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
16
Minimum Wage Laws
19
Adkins v. Children's Hospital of D.C. (1923)
19
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)
19
Ending Protective Legislation for Women
21
No Place for a Lady: Women Bartenders
21
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
21
Florence Kelley: Crusader for Reform
22
George Sutherland: Supporter of Women's Suffrage
23
The Equal Rights Amendment
26
2.
Jury Duty
29
Women as "The Center of Home and Family Life"
29
Strauder v. West Virginia (1880)
29
Hoyt v. florida (1961)
30
"A Fair Cross-Section of the Community"
31
Taylor V. Louisiana (1975)
31
Ballard v. United States (1946)
31
Gwendolyn Hoyt: A Neglected Wife Strikes Back
32
Duren v. Missouri (1979)
36
Picking a Jury
37
J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B. (1994)
37
3.
Sex Discrimination: The Search for a Standard
39
Interpreting the Equal Protection Clause
39
Four Turning Points
41
Breaking New Ground
41
Reed v. Reed (1971)
41
Sally Reed: A Mother Grieves for Her Son
42
A Double Standard for Benefits
44
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
44
Sharron Frontiero: The Patient after Whom the Disease is Named
46
Justice for Beer Drinkers
49
Craig v. Boren (1976)
49
Mark Walker, Curtis Craig, and Carolyn Whitener: Two Fraternity Brothers and a Beer Vendor
54
A Higher Standard?
57
United States v. Virginia (1996)
57
Ruth Bader Ginsburg as Litigator: Shaping the Law
64
4.
Women in the Family: From Subordinates to Equal Partners
69
Unequal Benefits for Widows Versus Widowers
70
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975)
70
Califano v. Goldfarb (1977)
70
Wengler v. Druggists Mutual Insurance Co. (1980)
70
Stephen Wiesenfeld: A Father Sues for the Right to Stay Home
74
Compensating Women for Past Discrimination
Kahn V. Shevin (1974)
76
Califano v. Webster (1977)
76
Harmful Stereotypes
79
Age of Majority: Twenty-one for Boys, Eighteen for Girls
79
Stanton v. Stanton (1975)
79
Alimony for Men, Too
80
Orr v. Orr (1979)
80
Unemployed Fathers, Unemployed Mothers
82
Califano v. Westcott (1979)
82
Husband as "Head and Master" of Household
83
Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981)
83
5.
Single-Sex Schools
85
A Nursing School for Women Only
86
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)
86
Joe Hogan: Male Nurse
89
Women as Citizen-Soldiers
91
United States v. Virginia (1996)
91
Gender Equity in Education: Title IX of the Education Act Amendments of 1972
94
6.
Different Treatment of Men and Women
96
Women and the Armed Forces
96
Combat Ships and Sea Duty
97
Schlesinger v. Ballard (1975)
97
Registering Women for the Draft
98
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
98
Giving Veterans Job Preferences
102
Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney (1979)
102
Helen B. Feeney: A Veteran Fighter
104
Unwed Fathers and Their Children
106
Child Custody
107
Stanley v. Illinois (1972)
107
The Right to Veto an Adoption and to Sue for Wrongful Death
107
Caban v. Mohammed (1979)
107
Parham v. Hughes (1979)
107
Lehr v. Robertson (1983)
107
Children Born Outside the United States
109
Lorelyn Penero Miller v. Madeleine K. Albright (1998)
109
Tuan Anh Nguyen v. INS (2001)
111
Teenage Sex
112
Michael M. v. Superior court of Sonoma Cty. (1981)
112
7.
Discrimination in the Workplace
116
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Legislating Equality in the Workplace
118
Getting Hired
120
Mothers with Pre-School Age Children
120
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. (1971)
120
Height and Weight Requirements
122
Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977)
122
Dianne Kimberly Rawlinson: A Petite Prison Guard
124
Not Making Partner, Getting Fired
127
Hishon v. king & Spalding (1984)
127
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989)
127
Ann Hopkins: Neither Woman nor Man Enough to Make Partner
130
More Than One Motive for Her Firing
133
Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa (2003)
133
Affirmative Action
134
Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara Cty. (1987)
135
The Equal Pay Act of 1963: A Remedy for Women
137
Paul Johnson: Victim of Affirmative Action
138
Pay and Benefits
142
Working on the Night shift
142
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974)
142
Equal Pay for Comparable Worth
145
County of Washington v. Gunther (1981)
146
Discrimination in Fringe Benefits
147
Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978)
147
Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris (1983)
147
Too Late to File a Discrimination Claim?
151
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Rubber & Tire Co. (2007)
151
Lilly Ledbetter: Fighting Pay Discrimination
152
8.
Sexual Harassment
155
Sexual Harassment on The Job
155
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson (1986)
156
Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. (1993)
158
Sexual Harassment Gains National Attention
159
Same-Sex Harassment
160
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. (1998)
160
Unfulfilled Threats
161
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth (1998)
161
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998)
161
One Offensive Remark Does Not Make a Hostile Environment
163
Clark County School Dist. V. Breeden (2001)
163
Recovering Front Pay in Addition to Damages
163
Pollard v. E. I. Dupont de Nemours & Co. (2001)
163
Forced to Resign or Fired?
164
Pennsylvania State Police V. Suders (2004)
164
Fired for Answering an Employer's Questions
165
Crawford v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County (2009)
165
Sexual Harassment in Schools
166
Teachers Harassing Students
166
Franklin V. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992)
166
Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School Dist. (1998)
166
Students Harassing Other Students
167
Davis v. Monroe County School Bd. of Ed.(1999)
167
Parents May Sue under Title IX and the Fourteenth Amendment
169
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School committee (2009)
169
9.
Pregnancy and Childbirth
170
Should Pregnant Teachers Teach?
171
Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur (1974)
171
Pregnancy is Not a Disability
174
Geduldig v. Aiello (1974)
174
General Elec. Co. v. Gilbert (1976)
176
Have a Baby, Lose Seniority
178
Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty (1977)
178
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
179
Discriminating Against Men: Coverage of Workers' Wives
180
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. EEOC (1983)
180
Special Versus Equal Treatment for Pregnant Workers
182
California Fed. S. & L. Assn. v. Guerra (1987)
182
Fertile Women Need not Apply
184
Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. (1991)
184
Capt. Susan Struck: The Case That Got Away
186
Pregnancy Discrimination Lingers in Pensions
187
AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen (2009)
187
Family Leave
188
10.
Reproductive Rights
189
Contraception
189
The Right to Privacy
189
The Battle for Birth Control
190
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
190
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)
190
Abortion
193
Abortion Reform Laws
193
Estelle Griswold: Challenging the Ban on Birth Control
194
The First Decisions
196
Roe v. Wade (1973)
196
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
196
Roe: The Aftermath
197
Abortion Funding
198
Maher v. Roe (1977)
198
Harris v. McRae (1980)
198
Rust V. Sullivan (1991)
198
Consent of Husband, Parents
200
Planned Parenthood Assn. of Central Mo. v. Danforth (1976)
200
Bellotti v. Baird (1979)
200
Planned Parenthood Assn. Of Kansas City, Mo., Inc. v. Ashcroft (1983)
200
Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)
200
Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1990)
200
Abortion Procedure
201
Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)
201
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (1986)
201
Dr. Jane E. Hodgson: Abortion Pioneer
202
Reconsidering and reaffirming Roe
204
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
204
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)
204
Ban on a Rare and Controversial Abortion Procedure
207
Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)
207
Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)
207
Antiabortion Demonstrations at Clinics
209
Alias Jane Roe: The Story of Norma Nelson McCorvey
210
11.
Leading the Way
215
Women Bar Members and Advocates
215
Belva A. Lockwood: First Woman Member of the Supreme Court Bar and First Woman to Argue Before the Court
215
First Ladies of the Supreme Court
216
The First Women Members of the Supreme Court Bar, 1879-1900
223
Women Advocates Before the Court
226
Susan Brandeis: A Justice's Daughter Argues Before His Court
239
Female Law Clerks
240
Lucile Lomen: First Woman Law Clerk
240
The First Female Law Clerks
242
Female Law Clerks, 1966-1971
245
Near Misses: Women Considered for Appointment to The Supreme Court
246
Women on the Supreme Court
250
Sandra Day O'Connor: First Woman Justice
250
Ruth Bader Ginsburg: From Litigator to Justice
255
Sonia Sotomayor: First Latina on the Court
263
Elena Kagan: From Solicitor General to Associate Justice
265
Glossary
269
Timelines
277
Bibliography
283
Index
295
Illustration Credits
309