Principles of Islamic international criminal law : a comparative search / by Farhad Malekian.
2011
KBP4538 .M354 2011 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Principles of Islamic international criminal law : a comparative search / by Farhad Malekian.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2011.
Call Number
KBP4538 .M354 2011
Former Call Number
Islam 800 M293 2011
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9789004203969 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9004203966 (hardcover : alk. paper)
9004203966 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Description
xxiv, 452 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)723528594
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 438-447) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Glossary
xix
Preface
xxi
Introduction
xxiii
pt. ONE
THE DISCIPLINE OF COMPARATIVE PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
ch. One
The Nature of Islamic International Law
3
1.
Introduction
3
2.
The Discipline of Islamic International Law
5
2.1.
Siyar
5
2.2.
Universality
6
2.3.
Equal System
8
3.
The Origin of Both Systems
10
3.1.
Juridical Structure
11
3.2.
Speciality of the System
12
4.
The Legal Characterization
15
4.1.
Codification
16
4.2.
Self-Conductive Value
19
4.3.
Moral Values of the System
22
4.4.
Integration of Values
25
4.5.
Similar Weight
26
ch. Two
Principles of Islamic International Law
27
1.
The Principle of Equality
27
1.1.
Equality before the Law
27
1.2.
The Basic Source of Equality
29
1.3.
Equality in Sex
30
2.
The Principle of Peace
30
2.1.
Peaceful Relations
30
2.2.
Peace As a Duty
31
2.3.
Making Peace
32
3.
The Principle of Reciprocal Respect
32
3.1.
Mutual Understanding
32
3.2.
Mutual Consent
33
4.
The Principle of Self-Defence
34
4.1.
Sources of the Principle
34
4.2.
Positive Law
35
4.3.
Customary Law
36
4.4.
Implementation of Self-Defence
36
5.
The Principle of Proportionality
38
5.1.
Limitations
38
5.2.
Applications
39
5.3.
Misinterpretation of the Principle
39
6.
The Principle of Integrity of Agreements
40
6.1.
Pacta Sunt Servanda
40
6.2.
Integrity of Given Obligations
41
6.3.
Proper Consent
42
7.
The Principle of Justice
42
7.1.
Qualified Values
42
7.2.
Human Qualification
43
8.
The Principle of Diplomatic Immunity
44
8.1.
Evolution of Immunity
44
8.2.
Scope of Recognition
45
9.
The Principle of Unity of Muslims
46
9.1.
Unity of Nations
46
9.2.
The Purpose of Unity
47
9.3.
Interpretation of Unity
48
ch. Three
Islamic Philosophy of Law in Relation to Islamic International Law
51
1.
Introduction
51
2.
Internationalization
51
3.
Sui Generis
52
4.
Fixed Framework
53
5.
Classification
55
5.1.
Permission
56
5.2.
Abstention
56
5.3.
Discretion
57
5.4.
International Application
58
6.
Judicial Validity
58
7.
Universality
59
8.
Legality
61
ch. Four
Sources of Islamic International Law
63
1.
Introduction
63
2.
Constitution Machinery
63
2.1.
Formal and Material Sources
64
3.
The Primary Sources
65
3.1.
The Qur'an
65
3.1.1.
Prominent Source
66
3.1.2.
Principles of Justice and Equality
67
3.1.3.
Opposition to Inequalities
68
3.1.4.
No Compulsion in Ideologies
69
3.1.5.
Automatic Application
70
3.2.
Sunnah
70
3.2.1.
Wisdom
72
3.2.2.
Custom
73
3.2.3.
Hadith
74
4.
The Subsidiary Sources
76
4.1.
Ijma
76
4.1.1.
Common Understanding of Ijma
76
4.1.2.
Division of Ijma
76
4.1.3.
Proving Ijma
77
4.2.
Jurisprudential Analogy
78
4.3.
International Custom
81
ch. Five
Islamic International Law within Municipal Law
83
1.
Introduction
83
2.
No Issues of Municipal Law
84
2.1.
Major Similarities
84
2.2.
Major Implementation
85
3.
Issues of Sovereignty
86
3.1.
Doctrines
86
3.2.
Spiritual Values
88
3.3.
Superiority
90
4.
Islamic Political Framework
91
4.1.
Tawhid
91
4.2.
Risala
92
4.3.
Khilafa
92
ch. Six
International Status of State Sovereignty
93
1.
Personality and Recognition
93
2.
Authority to Recognize
93
3.
Accession
95
4.
Characterization of Personality
96
5.
Nationality
97
6.
Equality of States
99
ch. Seven
Subjects of the Law
101
1.
Introduction
101
2.
Evaluation
101
2.1.
States
102
2.2.
Individuals
103
2.3.
Other Subjects
105
ch. Eight
Human Rights Law
107
1.
Introduction
107
2.
Human Rights in International Law
108
3.
Human Rights in Islamic International Law
110
3.1.
Basis
110
3.2.
Functions
111
3.3.
Sources of Human Rights
113
3.4.
Principles of Human Rights
114
3.4.1.
Equality
114
3.4.2.
Entitlement to All Rights and Freedoms
115
3.4.3.
Right to Life
117
3.4.4.
Right to Be Saved for Life
119
3.4.5.
Rights of Children
120
3.4.6.
Rights of Parents
121
3.4.7.
Prohibition of Slavery
122
3.4.8.
Just Legal Process
123
3.4.9.
Right to Integrity
126
3.4.10.
Rights to Remedy
127
3.4.11.
Rights Not to Suffer from Deprivation
128
3.4.12.
Rights to Cooperation and Non-Cooperation
128
3.4.13.
Rights to Property
129
3.4.14.
Rights to Privacy
130
3.4.15.
Rights Not to Be Spied
131
3.4.16.
Rights to Nationality
132
4.
Rights within the Sunnah
132
pt. TWO
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINALIZATION
ch. Nine
The Discipline of Islamic International Criminal Law
137
1.
The Purposes of International Criminal Law
137
2.
Definitions
139
2.1.
Definition of International Criminal Law
139
2.2.
Definition of Islamic International Criminal Law
143
2.3.
A Comparative Definition of Both Systems
146
3.
Sources
149
3.1.
Sources of International Criminal Law
149
3.1.1.
Conventions
149
3.1.2.
Customs
149
3.1.3.
Decisions
150
3.1.4.
Publicists
152
3.1.5.
Resolutions
152
3.2.
Sources of Islamic International Criminal Law
153
3.2.1.
The Qur'an
154
3.2.2.
Sunnah
156
3.2.3.
Consensus
158
3.2.4.
Juridical Analogy
160
3.3.
A Comparative Examination of Sources
162
4.
Subjects of Both Systems
163
5.
The Concept of Crimes in Both Systems
164
5.1.
The List of Crimes
165
5.2.
Differences
166
6.
Punishment
167
6.1.
Lack of Methods in International Criminal Law
167
6.2.
Punishment in Islamic International Criminal Law
168
ch. Ten
Aggression
171
1.
Aggression in International Criminal Law
171
2.
Aggression in Islamic International Criminal Law
175
2.1.
Definition
175
2.2.
Prohibitions
176
2.3.
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
177
2.4.
Inevitable Situations
178
2.4.1.
Defensive War
178
2.4.2.
Assisting Victims
180
2.4.3.
Protection of Fundamental Rights
181
2.4.4.
Fulfilment of Serious Obligations
181
2.5.
Jihad
182
2.5.1.
Definition
182
2.5.2.
Jihad As a Means of Defeating Aggressors
186
2.6.
Acts Constituting Aggression
190
ch. Eleven
War Crimes
193
1.
War Crimes in International Criminal Law
193
1.1.
The First Development
193
1.2.
The Second Development
194
1.3.
The Third Development
196
1.4.
The Fourth Development
196
1.5.
The Fifth Development
198
1.6.
International Criminal Tribunals
200
2.
War Crimes in Islamic International Criminal Law
201
2.1.
Codification
201
2.2.
Acts Constituting War Crimes
203
2.3.
Treatment of Prisoners
205
ch. Twelve
Unlawful Use of Weapons
209
1.
International Criminal Law
209
2.
Islamic International Criminal Law
210
3.
Absolute Prohibition within Both Systems
211
ch. Thirteen
Crimes against Humanity
213
1.
Criminalization in International Criminal Law
213
2.
Criminalization in Islamic International Criminal Law
214
3.
Islamic Elements of Crimes against Humanity
216
3.1.
Wisdom of Committing a Wrongful Conduct
217
3.2.
The Existence of the Principle of Intention
218
3.3.
A Wrongful Conduct
218
3.4.
A Criminal Plan
219
3.5.
No Policy of Widespread
220
3.6.
Policy of Systematic
221
3.7.
A Wilful Blindness
221
4.
List of Crimes against Humanity
222
ch. Fourteen
Slavery
225
1.
Slavery in International Criminal Law
225
1.1.
Abolition
225
1.2.
Criminalization
226
2.
Slavery in Islamic International Criminal Law
229
2.1.
Manumission
229
2.2.
Abolition
231
2.3.
Protection
233
2.4.
Criminalization
235
ch. Fifteen
Genocide
237
1.
Genocide in International Criminal Law
237
2.
Genocide in Islamic International Criminal Law
239
2.1.
Prohibitions
239
2.2.
Classification
240
2.3.
Criminalization in Human Rights
240
ch. Sixteen
Apartheid
243
1.
Apartheid in International Criminal Law
243
2.
Apartheid in Islamic International Criminal Law
246
3.
Elements of Apartheid
248
ch. Seventeen
Torture
251
1.
Torture in International Criminal Law
251
1.1.
Non-Criminalization
251
1.2.
Criminalization
252
2.
Torture in Islamic International Criminal Law
257
2.1.
Definition
257
2.2.
Administration of Justice
258
2.3.
Prohibitions
259
2.4.
Practice
261
2.5.
Types of Torture
262
ch. Eighteen
Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons
265
1.
Criminalization in International Criminal Law
265
2.
Criminalization in Islamic International Criminal Law
267
2.1.
Immunity
267
2.2.
The Scope of Protection
268
2.3.
Criminalization
269
ch. Nineteen
Taking of Hostages
271
1.
International Criminal Law
271
2.
Islamic International Criminal Law
272
2.1.
Principle of Inviolability
272
2.2.
Principle of Integrity
273
ch. Twenty
Drug Offences
275
1.
Criminalization in International Criminal Law
275
2.
Prohibitions in Islamic International Criminal Law
278
ch. Twenty-One
Trafficking in Persons and Pornography
281
1.
Criminalization in International Criminal Law
281
2.
Prohibitions in Islamic International Criminal Law
284
3.
Trafficking in Persons
286
ch. Twenty-Two
Crimes against Natural Environments
289
1.
Nature
289
2.
Protection of Living Creatures
290
3.
A Double Criminalization
291
ch. Twenty-Three
Crimes against Foodstuffs
293
ch. Twenty-Four
Criminalization of Alcohol Consumption
295
1.
International Criminal Law
295
2.
Islamic International Criminal Law
296
ch. Twenty-Five
Piracy
299
1.
Piracy in International Criminal Law
299
2.
Land Piracy in Islamic International Criminal Law
300
ch. Twenty-Six
Limitations of Hostilities in the Conduct of States
303
1.
Declaration of War
303
2.
Contraband of War and Trade
304
3.
Self-Defence
305
4.
Reprisals
307
5.
The Principle of Proportionality
308
6.
Self-Determination
309
7.
Humanitarian Help
314
ch. Twenty-Seven
Institution of Protections
319
1.
Overview
319
2.
Children
319
3.
Refugees
322
4.
Extradition
326
5.
Quarter
327
ch. Twenty-Eight
Humanitarian Protections of Prisoners of War
331
1.
Prisoners of War in International Criminal Law
331
2.
Prisoners of War in Islamic International Criminal Law
333
2.1.
Definition
333
2.2.
Protections
335
pt. THREE
SUBSTANTIVE ASPECTS OF ISLAMIC CRIMINAL JUSTICE WITHIN THE ICC
ch. Twenty-Nine
Islamic Criminal Jurisdiction within the ICC
341
1.
The Establishment of International Criminal Courts
341
2.
Islamic Norms Creating the ICC
342
3.
Classification of Crimes in Islamic Law
344
3.1.
Hudud
344
3.2.
Qisas
345
3.3.
Ta'zir
346
4.
Imperative Principles of Criminal Law
346
4.1.
De Lege Lata
347
4.2.
Nullum Crimen sine Lege
348
4.3.
Nulla Poena sine Lege
349
4.4.
Ne Bis in Idem
350
5.
The ICC Substantive Crimes and Islamic Law
351
6.
The Principle of Complementarity
352
6.1.
Primacy of Jurisdiction
353
6.2.
Prevention of Impunity
353
7.
Admissibility
355
8.
Hybrid Jurisdiction
356
ch. Thirty
The Mechanisms of the Trial
359
1.
The Legal/Moral Qualification of the Court
359
2.
Qualifications of Judges
361
3.
Prosecutors
362
4.
Evidence
363
4.1.
Nature
364
4.2.
Confession through Consent
365
4.3.
Testimony of Witnesses
366
4.4.
Testimony of Judge
368
4.5.
Testimony of Women
369
4.6.
Other Evidences
371
4.7.
Reliability of Evidence
372
ch. Thirty-One
Rights of the Accused
375
1.
Anatomy of Rights
375
2.
Assembly of Rights
377
2.1.
Rights to Counsel
377
2.2.
Specific Rights
379
2.3.
The Initial Rights
380
2.4.
Women Rights
381
2.5.
Rights to Certain Facilities
382
2.6.
Rights under Procedures
383
3.
Lawful Indictment
384
ch. Thirty-Two
Basis of Criminal Accountability
385
1.
The System of International Criminal Law
385
2.
Islamic International Criminal Law
388
2.1.
The General Concept
388
2.2.
International Aspects
389
2.3.
High Ranking Officials
391
3.
Islamic Components of Responsibility within the ICC
393
3.1.
Age of Criminal Responsibility
394
3.2.
Intention
394
3.3.
Participations
396
3.4.
Mitigations
397
3.5.
Joint Criminal Enterprise
397
ch. Thirty-Three
Punishments
399
1.
The Philosophy of Punishment
399
2.
Reasons for Punishments
399
2.1.
Application of Human Rights
400
2.2.
Deterrent Philosophy
400
2.3.
Retributive Character
401
2.4.
Protective Validity
401
2.5.
Preventive Validity
401
2.6.
Restoration
402
2.7.
Elimination of Evil
402
2.8.
Rehabilitation
403
2.9.
Reformation of Norms
403
2.10.
Redressive Purpose
403
2.11.
Apology
404
2.12.
Compensation
404
2.13.
Amnesty
404
2.14.
Recreation of Civil Rights
405
2.15.
Methods of Punishment
405
2.16.
Abolition of Severe Penalties
407
ch. Thirty-Four
Conclusion
409
Appendices
411
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 1990
411
Arab Charter on Human Rights, 2004
418
Bibliography
437
Index
449