Copyright : cases and materials / by Robert A. Gorman, Jane C. Ginsburg, R. Anthony Reese.
2011
KF2994 .G67 2011 (Map It)
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Title
Copyright : cases and materials / by Robert A. Gorman, Jane C. Ginsburg, R. Anthony Reese.
Published
New York, NY : Foundation Press : Thomson Reuters, 2011.
Call Number
KF2994 .G67 2011
Edition
Eighth edition.
ISBN
160930019X
9781609300197
9781609300197
Description
xxxvii, 1,322 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)745598221
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Supplement Note
Kept up to date by supplements called Statutory appendix.
Series
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Cases and materials, copyright
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface to the Eighth Edition
v
Bibliographic Note
vii
Table of Cases
xxi
ch. 1
The Concept of Copyright
1
A.
Historical Perspective
1
1.
England and the Statute of Anne
1
2.
The Colonies and the Constitution
3
3.
The First United States Copyright Statute
4
4.
Statutory Revision
6
5.
The 1909 Act
7
6.
The 1976 Act
7
7.
International Copyright Protection and its Impact on U.S. Copyright Legislation
9
8.
Subsequent Amendments to the 1976 Copyright Act
11
B.
General Principles
12
United States Constitution
12
Report of the Register of Copyrights on the General Revision of the U.S. Copyright Law 3-6 (1961)
12
Reflections on the Law of Copyright / Z. Chafee
15
Economic Analysis of Copyright Doctrine
18
The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law 37-57, 66-69 (2003) / R. Posner
20
Burrow---Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
28
Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
34
C.
Overview of Copyright Law
38
1.
Nature of Copyright
38
2.
Subject Matter of Copyright
39
3.
Duration, Ownership, and Formalities
40
a.
Duration of Copyright
40
b.
Ownership
41
c.
Notice and Registration of Copyright
42
4.
Scope of Exclusive Rights Under Copyright
43
a.
Exclusive Rights
43
b.
Copyright Litigation
45
5.
Limitations on the Exclusive Rights Under Copyright
46
a.
Exemptions and Compulsory Licenses
46
b.
Fair Use
46
6.
Structure and Operations of the Copyright Office
48
D.
Distinctions: Patents
50
Patent Statute
50
Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts
53
E.
Distinctions: Trademarks
57
Trade---Mark Cases
57
Trademarks and the Lanham Act
60
Lanham Act
61
Frederick Warne & Co. v. Book Sales, Inc
63
F.
Distinctions: Chattels
71
Forward v. Thorogood
71
ch. 2
Copyrightable Subject Matter
76
A.
In General
76
House Report
76
1.
Original Works of Authorship
79
a.
What Is Authorship?
79
b.
Originality
83
House Report
83
Magic Marketing v. Mailing Services of Pittsburgh
84
An Unhurried View of Copyright 45-46 (1967) / B. Kaplan
89
2.
Fixation in Tangible Form
91
House Report
92
Performers' Right Of Fixation
94
B.
The "Idea/Expression Dichotomy"
100
House Report
100
Baker v. Selden
100
Morrissey v. Procter & Gamble Co.
107
C.
Facts and Compilations
111
House Report
111
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service
112
1.
Factual Narratives
123
Nash v. CBS, Inc.
123
2.
Compilations
130
CCC Information Services v. Maclean Hunter Market Reports, Inc.
136
3.
Database Protection
151
Assessment Technologies of WI, LLC v. WIREdata, Inc.
151
Extra---Copyright Protection of Databases
153
4.
Maps
155
Mason v. Montgomery Data, Inc.
155
D.
Derivative Works
164
1.
What is a Derivative Work?
164
2.
Originality in Derivative Works
169
L. Batlin & Son v. Snyder
169
E.
Computer Programs
184
House Report
184
Final Report of the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (1978)
185
Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
189
Lotus Development Corp. v. Borland International, Inc.
197
F.
Pictorial, Graphic and Sculptural Works
207
1.
Photographs
207
Mannion v. Coors Brewing Company
207
2.
The Problem of Applied Art
221
a.
Background
221
Draft, Second Supplementary Report of the Register of Copyrights on the General Revision of the U.S. Copyright Law, Chapter VII, 4-13 (1975)
221
Design---Protection Legislation
224
b.
The Current Statutory Regime
226
House Report
227
c.
What Is a "Useful Article"?
228
d.
Separability
230
Pivot Point International, Inc. v. Charlene Prods., Inc.
232
Copyrightability of Typeface Designs
250
G.
Architectural Works
252
Protection Under the 1976 Copyright Act
253
The Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act of 1990
255
House Report, Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act
256
Decisions Applying The Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act
257
H.
Characters
262
Anderson v. Stallone
264
Gaiman v. McFarlane
268
I.
Sound Recordings
271
House Report
271
On the Distinction Between a Sound Recording and the Musical Composition or Other Work Fixed on the Recording
272
Newton v. Diamond
272
J.
Government Works and Other Public Policy Issues
276
1.
Government Works
276
House Report
276
The Copyright Status of State-Authored Materials
278
Veeck v. Southern Bldg. Code Cong. Internat'l, Inc.
281
2.
Other Public Policy Issues
295
Mitchell Bros. Film Group v. Cinema Adult Theater
295
ch. 3
Ownership
301
A.
Initial Ownership
301
1.
Authorship Status
301
Lindsay v. R.M.S. Titanic
301
2.
Authorship as an Economic Concept: Works Made for Hire
304
a.
Employee---Created Works
306
Community for Creative Non---Violence v. Reid
306
"Within the Scope of Employment"
319
Work for Hire Under the 1976 Act and the "Teacher Exception"
321
b.
Specially Ordered or Commissioned Works
325
The Nine Statutory Categories for a Commissioned Work
325
If a Work Is "Specially Ordered or Commissioned" Within [§] 101(2), at What Point in the Parties' Relationship Must a Contract Making It a "Work For Hire" Be Executed?
326
3.
Authorship as an Intellectual Concept: Joint Works
328
Thomson v. Larson
328
B.
Transfer of Copyright Ownership
343
1.
Divisibility and Formal Requirements
343
Divisibility
344
Effects Associates v. Cohen
346
Recordation of Transfers and Other Documents
352
2.
Scope of Grant
353
Cohen v. Paramount Pictures Corp.
353
Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers, Ltd. v. Walt Disney Co.
356
Random House, Inc. v. Rosetta Books, LLC
364
New York Times Company, Inc. v. Tasini
371
Copyright Transfer "By Operation of Law"
381
ch. 4
Duration and Renewal, and Termination of Transfers
384
A.
Duration and Renewal
384
1.
The Policy Debate
384
Reflections on the Law of Copyright / Z. Chafee
384
House Report
386
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act
388
Eldred v. Ashcroft
389
2.
Copyright Duration Under the 1976 Act, as Amended in 1998
409
a.
Works Created or Unpublished after 1977
409
House Report
410
b.
1976 Act Treatment of Works First Published under the 1909 Act
411
Renewal
411
Renewal of Copyright / B. Ringer
412
The Statutory Renewal Provisions
414
Automatic Renewal of Works Published between 1964 and 1977
419
c.
Works in the Public Domain prior to January 1, 1978 and Restoration of Copyrights in Foreign Works
421
Luck's Music Library, Inc. v. Gonzales
424
Golan v. Holder
428
Transition from 1909 Act to 1976 Act and Its Amendments
438
B.
Renewals and Derivative Works
439
Stewart v. Abend
440
Russell v. Price
447
C.
Termination of Transfers
449
1.
In General
449
House Report
450
Siegel v. Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
454
2.
Scope of the Termination Right
473
a.
Comparison of Termination Provisions
473
b.
Transfers, Renewals, and Terminations
475
c.
"Any Agreement to the Contrary"
477
3.
Effect of Termination: The Derivative Works Exception
485
"The sole right shall return to the Author": Anglo-American Authors' Reversion Rights from the Statute of Anne to Contemporary U.S. Copyright / J. Ginsburg
485
4.
General Review
488
Termination Time Line
488
ch. 5
Formalities
490
A.
History and Policy Considerations
490
1.
The Policy Debate
490
The Gradual---But Incomplete---Phasing---Out of U.S. Formalities
492
B.
Publication and Notice Before the 1976 Act
493
Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
498
C.
1976 Act Solutions as to Publication and Notice
505
1.
"Publication": Definition and Contexts
505
2.
The Notice Requirement
507
House Report
507
Notice For Government Works And Collective Works
512
D.
Deposit and Registration
513
1.
Deposit for Library of Congress
514
2.
Registration
514
a.
Procedure
514
b.
Effect of Registration
518
E.
Recordation of Transfers
524
F.
Formalities Before & After the Berne Convention Act
525
G.
Further Policy Considerations
526
"Orphan Works"
528
Alternative Notice Systems
528
ch. 6
Exclusive Rights Under Copyright
537
A.
The Right to Reproduce the Work in Copies & Phonorecords Under [§] 106(1)
537
House Report
537
1.
The Right to Make Copies
540
a.
What Is a "Copy"?
540
Fixation in Digital Media
540
Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
546
b.
Proving Infringement
556
i.
Analytical Framework
556
ii.
Proof of Copying
558
Bright Tunes Music Corp. v. Harrisongs Music, Ltd.
558
Price v. Fox Entertainment Group, Inc.
561
Circumstantial Proof of Copying
567
The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law 85-87 (2003) / R. Posner
571
iii.
Proving that Copying Infringed
572
On the Difference Between Proving Copying and Proving Infringement
572
Distinguishing Idea and Expression
577
Herbert Rosenthal Jewelry Corp. v. Kalpakian
577
Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp.
583
Sheldon v. Metro---Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
588
Approaches to "Substantial Similarity"
602
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
606
Steinberg v. Columbia Pictures Industries
618
Authors Reproducing Works in which They No Longer Own the Copyright
625
iv.
Applying the Analytical Framework: Review Questions
628
2.
The Right to Make Phonorecords
635
a.
What Is a "Phonorecord"?
635
b.
Musical Compositions: The Compulsory License Under [§] 115
636
House Report
637
The Royalty Rate, the Copyright Royalty Judges, and the "Harry Fox License"
639
c.
Reproduction Rights in Sound Recordings
644
A Statutory Exemption for the Private Copying of Sound Recordings and Analog Video
647
B.
The Right to Prepare Derivative Works Under [§] 106(2)
650
1.
Nature of the Derivative Work Right
650
Derivative Rights and Derivative Works in Copyright / P. Goldstein
650
2.
The Scope of the Derivative Works Right
654
House Report
654
Horgan v. Macmillan, Inc.
655
Lee v. A.R.T. Co.
659
Micro Star v. Formgen Inc.
664
2.
Limitations on the Derivative Works Right
668
The "Family Movie Act Of 2005"
668
[§] 117: Adaptations of Computer Programs
669
3.
Moral Rights
670
Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Cos.
671
a.
Federal Law Protection of Moral Rights
678
i.
What is a "Work of Visual Art"?
680
Pollara v. Seymour
682
Phillips v. Pembroke Real Estate, Inc.
686
ii.
What Rights Does VARA Protect?
695
Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art Foundation v. Buchel
695
b.
State Protection of Moral Rights
699
Wojnarowicz v. American Family Ass'n
701
C.
The Right to Distribute Copies and Phonorecords Under [§] 106(3)
704
House Report
704
1.
The Purpose and Application of the Distribution Right
705
Public Distribution through Digital Technologies
706
2.
The First Sale Doctrine (Exhaustion of the Distribution Right) and its Exceptions
716
Vernor v. Autodesk, Inc.
716
UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Augusto
726
A "Digital First Sale Doctrine"?
731
The Record Rental and Computer---Software Rental Amendments of 1984 and 1990
732
3.
The [§] 602(a) Importation Right, and its Relationship to the Distribution Right
735
Quality King Distributors, Inc. v. L'anza Research International, Inc.
735
Pearson Education, Inc. v. Liu
740
D.
Rights of Public Performance and Display Under [§] 106(4), (5), (6)
746
1.
The Meaning of "Perform" Under the 1976 Act
748
House Report
748
U.S. v. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (Applications of RealNetworks, Inc., Yahoo! Inc.)
750
2.
"Public" Performances Under the 1976 Act
753
House Report
753
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Aveco, Inc.
754
Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
759
3.
Performing Rights Societies
765
Ocasek v. Hegglund
766
The Performing Rights Societies: Their Operations and Antitrust Issues
769
4.
The Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings . . . and Its Limitations
772
When Is A Public Performance/Display (Not) Also A Reproduction And Distribution Of Copies?
779
5.
The Right of Public Display
781
House Report
782
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
785
6.
Limitations on the Rights of Public Performance and Display
789
a.
Certain Nonprofit Performances and Displays
789
House Report
791
Distance Education and the Section 110(2) Exemption
794
b.
The Section 110(5) Exemption
795
c.
Secondary Transmissions, Including by Cable and Satellite---[§][§] 111, 119
797
d.
"Jukebox" Public Performances---[§] 116
799
e.
Public Broadcasting---[§] 118
800
f.
Are Compulsory Licenses and Other Limitations on the Performance and Display Rights Consistent with International Obligations?
800
ch. 7
Fair Use
805
A.
Background
805
House Report
806
B.
Application of Fair Use Doctrine to Creation of New Works
807
Campbell v. Acuff---Rose Music, Inc.
807
Blanch v. Koons
833
Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises
847
Additional Fair Use Considerations
867
Sega Enterprises, Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.
870
C.
Application of Fair Use Doctrine to New Technologies
880
1.
Photocopying by Commercial and Noncommercial Intermediaries
880
Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services, Inc.
881
Copying by Nonprofit Libraries
897
Updating [§] 108 for Digital Preservation / J. Besek
899
2.
Digital Copying by Commercial Intermediaries
902
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
902
3.
Copying by End Users
912
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
913
A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
920
ch. 8
Secondary Liability
935
A.
General Principles
935
Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc.
935
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa International Service Ass'n
939
B. Facilitation of Infringement by End---users
954
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
955
A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
963
Metro---Goldwyn---Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
968
C.
Secondary Liability of Internet Service Providers
988
1.
In General
988
Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On---Line Communication Services, Inc.
988
2.
Service Provider Liability Under the Statutory Safe Harbors
992
Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC
995
Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
1008
Erroneous Take---Down Notices: Mistaken "Good Faith Belief" Or Actionable "Knowing Misrepresentation"?
1013
Subpoena to Obtain the Names of Alleged Online Infringers
1018
ch. 9
Enforcement of Copyright
1020
A.
Remedies
1020
1.
Injunctions
1020
2.
Damages
1030
a.
Actual Damages & Infringer's Profits
1030
House Report
1031
Davis v. The Gap, Inc.
1031
Frank Music Corp. v. Metro---Goldwyn---Mayer, Inc.
1036
b.
Statutory Damages
1044
House Report
1045
Sony BMG Music Entertainment v. Tenenbaum
1053
Right To Jury Trial For Statutory Damages Claims
1065
3.
Costs and Attorney's Fees
1067
4.
Procedural Issues
1069
a.
Jurisdiction
1069
b.
Standing
1071
c.
Statute Of Limitations
1075
d.
State Sovereign Immunity
1077
5.
Criminal Liability
1079
B.
Technological Protection Measures
1082
1.
Protection Against Circumvention
1083
a.
What [§] 1201 Protects
1085
i.
What Is "Access"?
1085
MDY Industries, LLC v. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc.
1089
ii.
What Is a "Technological Protection Measure"?
1098
RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.
1098
iii.
What Is a "Work Protected Under This Title"?
1103
b.
Exceptions And Limitations
1106
i.
Statutory Scheme
1106
ii.
Caselaw
1112
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Reimerdes
1112
2.
Copyright Management Information
1122
a.
What Constitutes Protected Copyright Management Information?
1124
Murphy v. Millennium Radio Group LLC
1124
b.
Where Must Copyright Management Information Appear in order To Be Protected?
1130
c.
What Level of Knowledge or Intent Is Required To Violate [§] 1201?
1132
C.
Overenforcement: Misuse
1135
Video Pipeline, Inc. v. Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc.
1137
ch. 10
Federal Preemption of State Law
1142
A.
State Laws Restricting Copying
1142
B.
Supreme Court Preemption Decisions in Intellectual Property Cases
1150
Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
1159
C.
Copyright Preemption Under Section 301 of the 1976 Act
1162
House Report
1164
1.
Works Coming Within the Subject Matter of Copyright
1167
Toney v. L'Oreal USA, Inc.
1167
Equivalent Subject Matter
1171
2.
Rights Equivalent to Copyright
1174
a.
Misappropriation
1174
National Basketball Ass'n v. Motorola, Inc.
1174
Barclays Capital, Inc. v. Theflyonthewall.com
1185
b.
Contract
1190
ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg
1190
Montz v. Pilgrim Films & Television, Inc.
1198
c.
Conversion of Chattels; Trade Secret
1207
Ehat v. Tanner
1207
3.
A Suggested Preemption Analysis
1213
Broader Displacement of State Law By "Conflict" Analysis
1216
ch. 11
International Dimensions of Copyright
1225
A.
Introduction
1225
B.
Early History of U.S. International Copyright Relations
1228
The Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention: The American Experience / H. Sandison
1228
C.
International Conventions and Agreements
1231
1.
The Structure of the Leading Multilateral Copyright Treaties
1231
2.
Other Major Multilateral Treaties Related to Copyright
1235
3.
Bilateral Copyright Arrangements
1235
D.
U.S.---Based Copyright Actions with an International Dimension
1237
1.
Protection of Alien Authors
1237
2.
Personal Jurisdiction over Offshore Actors Allegedly Infringing U.S. Copyrights
1244
Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha
1246
3.
Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts to Adjudicate Copyright Claims Presenting an Extraterritorial Element
1249
London Film Productions, Ltd. v. Intercontinental Communications, Inc.
1250
4.
When U.S. Courts Exercise Jurisdiction Over Claims Presenting Extraterritorial Elements, What Law Applies
1257
a.
to Determine Copyright Ownership of a Foreign Work
1257
Itar---Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
1257
b.
to Infringements Occurring, at Least in Part, Beyond U.S. Borders
1264
Subafilms, Ltd. v. MGM---Pathe Communications Co.
1264
General Review Problems
1280
Index
1291