Workers' compensation and employee protection laws in a nutshell / by Jack B. Hood, Benjamin A. Hardy, Jr., Harold S. Lewis, Jr.
2011
KF3615.Z9 H64 2011 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Workers' compensation and employee protection laws in a nutshell / by Jack B. Hood, Benjamin A. Hardy, Jr., Harold S. Lewis, Jr.
Published
St. Paul, MN : Thomson/West, [2011]
Copyright
©2011
Call Number
KF3615.Z9 H64 2011
Edition
Fifth edition.
ISBN
9780314275325
0314275320
0314275320
Description
xlix, 564 pages ; 19 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)752305425
Note
Includes index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
v
Table of Cases
xxiii
pt. 1
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMPENSATION LEGISLATION
ch. 1
Employment Related Actions and Legislation
1
A.
Employee Common-Law Remedies
1
1.
Fellow-Servant Doctrine
2
2.
Contributory Negligence
3
3.
Assumption of Risk
4
B.
Employers' Liability Acts
5
C.
European Compensation Legislation
6
1.
Germany
6
2.
Great Britain
7
D.
State Compensation Acts
7
1.
Maryland
8
2.
Montana
10
3.
Massachusetts
13
4.
New York
15
5.
California
20
6.
Florida
25
7.
Texas
30
8.
Illinois
35
9.
Ohio
40
10.
Alabama
44
E.
Federal Legislation
48
1.
Federal Employees' Compensation Act
48
2.
Federal Employers' Liability Act
50
3.
The Jones Act
52
4.
Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act
55
5.
Federal Black Lung Benefits Legislation
58
a.
Background and Scope
58
b.
Eligibility and Benefits
60
c.
Procedures
62
d.
Mining Safety and Health
63
6.
Energy Employees
63
7.
Radiation Exposure Claims
65
8.
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
65
9.
September 11th First Responder Fund
66
F.
Disability Compensation Systems in the United States
67
pt. 2
THE LAW OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
ch. 2
Theories and Policies of Workers' Compensation
69
A.
Constitutional Theories
69
1.
Freedom of Contract
70
2.
Election
71
3.
Presumptive Coverage
72
4.
Compulsory Coverage
72
5.
Exclusiveness of Remedy
73
B.
Social and Economic Policies
73
1.
Employee-Employer "Bargain"
73
2.
Industrial Burden for Injuries and Death
74
3.
Medical Loss and Wage Loss
74
4.
Social Insurance
75
5.
Economic Appraisal
76
C.
Liberal Construction of Compensation Acts
78
ch. 3
Workers' Compensation and the Law of Torts
80
A.
Common Law and Statutory Actions
80
B.
The Struggle for Coverage and Non-Coverage
80
1.
Co-Employees
81
2.
Dual Capacity Employers
82
3.
Property Actions
83
4.
Negligent Inspectors
83
5.
Bad Faith
84
6.
Products Liability
85
7.
Physicians
85
8.
Intentional Torts of Employers
86
9.
Nonphysical Torts
87
10.
Retaliatory Discharge
88
11.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
88
ch. 4
The Employee-Employer Relationship
90
A.
Employees and Employers Generally
90
B.
Employees
91
1.
Casual Employees
91
2.
Agricultural Employees
92
3.
Domestic Employees
93
4.
Loaned Employees
94
5.
State and Municipal Employees
94
6.
Federal Employees
95
7.
Participation of Employees in Enterprise
96
8.
Volunteers
97
9.
Aliens
97
10.
Minors
98
11.
Illegal Employments
98
12.
Independent Contractors
99
13.
Professional Employees
100
14.
National Guard Members
100
15.
Commission-Paid Salespersons
100
16.
Drivers for Hire
101
17.
Trainees
101
18.
Athletes
102
19.
Students
102
20.
Prisoners
102
21.
Residential Employees
103
C.
Employers
103
1.
Minimum Number of Employees
104
2.
General and Special Employers
104
3.
Subcontractors and Statutory Employers
105
4.
Charitable Organizations
106
5.
Concurrent Employers
106
6.
Successive Employers
107
7.
Common Carriers and Transportation Employers
108
ch. 5
The Coverage Formula Necessity for a "Personal Injury by Accident Arising Out of and in the Course of Employment"
109
A.
The Coverage Inquiry
109
B.
The "Arising Out of" Concept
112
1.
The Five Basic Risk Doctrines
112
a.
Proximate Cause
112
b.
Peculiar Risk
113
c.
Increased Risk
113
d.
Actual Risk
113
e.
Positional Risk
114
2.
A Miscellany of Risks and Injuries
114
a.
Acts of God
114
b.
Street Risk Doctrine
115
c.
Imported Dangers Doctrine
115
d.
Assault
116
e.
Horseplay
116
f.
Heart Cases
117
g.
Pre-Existing Injury or Disease
118
h.
Unexplained Accidents and Idiopathic Falls
118
i.
Cumulative Stress and Trauma
119
j.
Hearing Loss
120
k.
Hernias
120
1.
Mental or Emotional Injuries
120
m.
Explosions, Fires, and Terrorist Acts
121
n.
Employee False Representations
121
C.
The "in the Course of" Concept
123
1.
An Introduction and Perspective
123
2.
Common "in the Course of" Problems
124
a.
Going to and From Work
124
b.
Mixed-Purpose Trips
126
c.
Recreation
127
d.
Personal Comfort Doctrine
128
e.
Emergencies
128
f.
Willful Misconduct and Violation of Laws, Regulations, and Safety Rules
129
g.
Intoxication and Drug Abuse
129
h.
Suicides
130
i.
Telecommuting or Working From Home
131
D.
The Necessity of "Personal Injury by Accident"
132
1.
The Problems
132
2.
The Solution
135
E.
The Role of "Premises"
135
F.
Occupational Disease
136
1.
Coverage Schemes
136
2.
Coverage Problems
136
a.
Occupational Disease Versus Accident
136
b.
Occupational Disease Versus Common Disease
137
c.
Occupational Disease and Medical Causation
138
3.
Special Coverage Restrictions
138
ch. 6
Death
140
A.
Death Benefits Generally
140
B.
Dependency and Partial Dependency
140
C.
Widow
142
1.
Living With or Apart
142
2.
Common-Law Marriage
143
D.
Children
143
E.
Family and Household Members
144
F.
Priorities
144
ch. 7
Medical Expenses, Disabilities, and Benefits
146
A.
Introduction to Recoveries
146
B.
Medical Expenses and Rehabilitation
147
C.
Selection of Physician
148
D.
Medical Loss and Wage Loss Theories
149
E.
The Average Wage and Formulas
150
F.
Disabilities
151
1.
Disabilities Generally
151
2.
Temporary Partial
152
3.
Temporary Total
153
4.
Permanent Partial
153
5.
Permanent Total
154
6.
Disfigurement
154
G.
Multiple and Successive Injuries
155
H.
Second Injury Funds
157
I.
Death After Disability
158
J.
Death Compensation Benefits
159
ch. 8
Administration
160
A.
Introduction
160
B.
Commissions Versus Courts
161
C.
Notices
162
D.
Statutes of Limitation
162
E.
Waiting Periods
163
F.
Hearings, Evidence, and Review
164
G.
Compromise, Settlement, and Lump Sum Commutation
166
H.
Reopening, Modification, Termination, and Redistribution
167
I.
Insurance
168
J.
Removal From State to Federal Court
169
K.
Arbitration
170
L.
Drug and Alcohol Testing
171
M.
HIPAA Exception for Workers' Compensation
171
N.
Workers' Compensation and Social Security
172
ch. 9
Extraterritorial Problems and Overlapping Coverages
176
A.
Conflict of Laws
176
B.
Full Faith and Credit
177
C.
The Problem of Overlapping Coverage
179
ch. 10
Third-Party Actions
182
A.
Exclusive Nature of Compensation Act
182
B.
Who Are Third Parties?
183
C.
Third-Party Actions Against the Employer
184
D.
Defenses of Third Parties
184
E.
Subrogation
185
F.
Uninsured Motorist Insurance and No-Fault Insurance
186
ch. 11
Future of Workers' Compensation
188
A.
The National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws
188
B.
National Workers' Compensation Standards Act Proposals
190
C.
Allocation of Future Economic and Social Burdens for Industrial Accidents and Diseases
191
pt. 3
EMPLOYEE PROTECTION LAWS
ch. 12
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
195
A.
Background and Scope
195
B.
Standards and Variances
197
C.
Enforcement and Procedures
199
ch. 13
Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
201
A.
Background
201
B.
Prohibitions and Remedies
205
ch. 14
Social Security
209
A.
Introduction
209
B.
Retirement and Survivors Insurance (OASI)
214
1.
Eligibility for OASI
214
2.
OASI Benefit Calculations
215
3.
OASI Benefits
216
C.
Disability Insurance (DI)
217
1.
Eligibility
217
2.
DI Benefits
218
3.
DI Evaluation
219
D.
Medicare---Hospital Insurance (HI) (Part A) and Medicare---Medical Insurance (MI) (Part B)
221
E.
Medicare Advantage (MA) (Part C) and Prescription Drug (PD) (Part D)
222
F.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
222
G.
Procedure
223
ch. 15
Unemployment Compensation
225
A.
Background
225
B.
Federal Unemployment Insurance Programs
228
1.
Regular State Programs
228
a.
Overview
228
b.
Procedures and Appeals
230
c.
Extended and Supplemental Benefits
231
2.
Federal Employees and Ex-Servicemen
231
3.
Disaster Unemployment Assistance
232
4.
Trade Readjustment Allowances (TRA)
233
C.
State-Financed Programs
234
1.
Extended and Additional Benefits
234
2.
Unemployment Compensation Disability Benefits
234
3.
Self-Employment Assistance
235
ch. 16
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
236
A.
Introduction
236
B.
Standards and Requirements
239
1.
Minimum Wage
239
2.
Overtime Compensation
241
3.
Sex-Based Wage Discrimination
243
4.
Child Labor
244
C.
Coverages
244
D.
Enforcement and Remedies
245
ch. 17
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA)
247
ch. 18
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)
255
ch. 19
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA)
259
ch. 20
Federal and State Anti-Discrimination, Fair Employment, and Other Laws
262
A.
Federal Laws in General
262
1.
U.S. Constitution
265
2.
Civil Rights Acts of 1866, 1870, and 1871
267
a.
In General
267
b.
Section 1981
268
c.
Section 1983
277
3.
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, as Amended
279
a.
Scope and Coverage
279
(1).
Protection for Individuals
279
(2).
Employers Governed by Title VII/ADEA
281
(3).
American Corporations' Employees Working Abroad; "Foreign" Employers' Personnel in the U.S. and Overseas; and National Origin, Alienage, and Ancestry Discrimination Under Title VII, IRCA, and 42 U.S.C.A. [§] 1981
283
(4).
Purely or Partly Religious Employers: Coverage, Exemptions, Defenses
287
(5).
"Purely" Religious Organization
290
(6).
Religiously Affiliated Educational Institutions
291
(7).
All Employers, Religious or Not: The "BFOQ" Affirmative Defense
292
b.
Title VII: The Basic Substantive Prohibitions
294
(1).
The Meaning of Discrimination Because of "Race," "Color," "National Origin," "Religion," and "Sex"
295
(2).
Particular Practices Given Special Statutory Treatment
326
(3).
Retaliation
332
(4).
Constructive Discharge
338
(5).
Union Liability
341
c.
Title VII Modes of Proof, Administrative Procedures, and Remedies
342
(1).
Individual Disparate Treatment---"Direct" Evidence
343
(2).
Individual Disparate Treatment---Indirect or Inferential Evidence of Discrimination
351
(3).
Systemic Disparate Treatment
375
(4).
The Relief Stage of the Bifurcated Systemic Disparate Treatment Action
383
(5).
How the Individual and Systemic Disparate Treatment Cases Interrelate
384
(6).
Neutral Practices With Disproportionate Adverse Impact
385
(7).
How the Neutral Practice and Systemic Disparate Treatment Cases Interrelate
394
(8).
Administrative Prerequisites and Procedures
395
(9).
Title VII Remedies
422
(10).
Retroactive Seniority for Proven Victims of Discrimination: A First Look at the Problem of "Reverse Discrimination"
438
(11).
Affirmative Action by "Voluntary" Programs and Judicial Decrees
440
(12).
Procedures and Remedies in Affirmative Action Challenges
443
4.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
444
a.
Coverage
444
b.
Proof Modes
447
c.
Mixed Motives in ADEA Disparate Treatment Cases
451
d.
A Diluted "Neutral Practice/Adverse Impact" Theory Survives Under the ADEA
452
e.
Retaliation
453
f.
The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
453
g.
Waiver of Rights or Claims Under the ADEA After the OWBPA
454
h.
ADEA Procedures
456
i.
ADEA Remedies
458
5.
Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)
463
a.
EPA Coverage, the Prima Facie Case, and Affirmative Defenses
463
(1).
Coverage
463
(2).
Equal Work
465
(3).
Unequal Pay
466
(4).
The Employer's Defenses
468
(5).
Retaliation
471
b.
Enforcement, Limitations, and Remedies
471
(1).
Enforcement
471
(2).
Limitations
472
(3).
Continuing Violations
473
(4).
Remedies
474
c.
Gender-Based Compensation Discrimination Outside the Reach of the EPA but Prohibited by Title VII
474
d.
Comparable Worth
475
e.
Claims Covered by Title VII and the EPA
477
6.
Title IX, Educational Amendments of 1972
479
a.
Covered Programs or Activities
480
b.
Exemptions
481
c.
Elements of a Private Action Under Title IX
482
d.
Damages
483
7.
Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976
484
a.
Recovering Costs of Suit: Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)
484
b.
Attorney's Fees for Prevailing Parties: The Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act
484
c.
Rule 68 Offers of Judgment
500
B.
State Laws in General
506
ch. 21
Wrongful Discharge
508
ch. 22
Miscellaneous Employee Protection Laws
514
A.
National Labor Relations Act
514
B.
Labor Management Relations Act
515
C.
Federal Construction Projects
516
D.
Executive Orders
517
E.
Foreign Boycott Laws
520
F.
Federal Credit Laws
521
G.
Jury Service
521
H.
Drugs in the Workplace
521
I.
Polygraphs
522
J.
Notice of Plant Closings
523
K.
Migrant Farm Workers
523
L.
Uniformed Services Personnel
524
M.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)
525
N.
Title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1968 and Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970
526
O.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA")
526
P.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
527
Q.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, 2010
528
R.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
528
S.
Telework Enhancement Act of 2010
529
Index
531