Human rights law and business : corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights / Jernej Letnar Černič.
2010
K1329.5 .C47 2010 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
Human rights law and business : corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights / Jernej Letnar Černič.
Published
Groningen [The Netherlands] : Europa Law Pub., 2010.
Call Number
K1329.5 .C47 2010
ISBN
9789089520814 (pbk.)
9089520813 (pbk.)
9089520813 (pbk.)
Description
xviii, 328 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)607975174
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages [279]-306) and index.
Record Appears in
Portion of Title
Corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights
Table of Contents
Foreword
v
Acknowledgements
vii
Summary
ix
Contents
xi
Abbreviations
xviii
pt. I
Introduction
ch. 1
Introduction
Introduction
5
1.1.
Fundamental issues and terminology
9
1.1.1.
Corporations
9
1.1.2.
The nature of corporations
11
1.1.3.
Corporate responsibility or corporate liability?
14
1.1.4.
Fundamental human rights
16
1.2.
Normative framework: ̀respect, protect, fulfil'
17
1.3.
The nature and extent of corporate human rights violations
18
1.4.
The nature and scope of the study
21
ch. 2
The Nature and Scope of the Concept of Corporate Responsibility for Fundamental Human Rights
2.1.
Introductory observations
25
2.1.1.
Changes in the international environment
26
2.2.
Conceptual framework for corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights
28
2.3.
A national and international value system
31
2.4.
Corporate human rights obligations: From their sources to their legal nature and scope
33
2.5.
Legal sources of corporate human rights obligations
33
2.5.1.
Sources of corporate human rights obligations in national legal orders
33
2.5.2.
Sources of corporate human rights obligations at the international level
39
2.5.3.
Voluntary recognition of corporate human rights obligations
43
2.5.4.
Interim conclusion
47
2.6.
The horizontal application of human rights law
48
2.7.
The nature and the scope of corporate human rights obligations
52
2.7.1.
The corporate obligation to respect
54
2.7.2.
The corporate obligation to protect
56
2.7.3.
The Corporate obligation to fulfil
58
2.8.
Which fundamental human rights are corporations asked to observe?
59
2.8.1.
Fundamental human rights preserving the security of persons
61
2.8.2.
Fundamental human rights preserving fundamental labour rights
64
2.8.3.
Fundamental human rights preserving non-discrimination
68
2.9.
The spectrum of corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights
72
2.9.1.
Corporate spheres of responsibility
73
2.9.2.
Levels of corporate responsibility
75
2.9.3.
Causation
78
2.9.4.
Corporate complicity
79
2.10.
From responsibility to accountability: implementation and enforcement
83
2.11.
Conclusion
87
pt. II
Examination of Current Normative Framework
ch. 3
Corporations and State Responsibility
3.1.
Introduction
93
3.2.
Substantive human rights obligations of states
94
3.2.1.
The tripartite obligations of states to respect, protect and fulfil fundamental human rights relating to corporate activities
95
3.2.2.
Reference to corporate actors in relation to fundamental human rights
97
3.2.3.
The state obligation to protect
100
3.2.4.
Towards a collective responsibility to protect fundamental human rights of the individual?
105
3.2.5.
Interim conclusion
107
3.3.
Home state responsibility --- rules of attribution
108
3.3.1.
State responsibility for the extraterritorial acts of corporations
108
3.3.2.
Private conduct that is state conduct: a question of attribution
113
3.3.2.1.
Attribution de iure: the exercise of governmental authority
113
3.3.2.2.
Attribution de facto --- corporations acting under the control, directions and instructions of the state
116
3.3.3.
Due diligence
119
3.4.
Summary and conclusion
122
ch. 4
National and International Responses to Corporate Criminal Responsibility for Fundamental Human Rights
4.1.
Corporate criminal liability for fundamental human rights
127
4.2.
Corporations and criminal liability in general
129
4.2.1.
Corporate criminal liability in national legal orders
129
4.2.2.
Corporate criminal liability as provided in international documents
130
4.3.
Corporate criminal liability for international crimes
132
4.4.
Attribution of responsibility
136
4.5.
Corporations and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
141
4.5.1.
The Rome Statute of an International Criminal Court de lege lata
141
4.5.2.
Travaux preparatoires of the Rome Statute
142
4.5.3.
Rome ICC Statute de lege ferenda
146
4.5.4.
Interim conclusion
147
4.6.
Individual criminal responsibility --- Possibilities of prosecution of agents of corporations
148
4.6.1.
National legal orders --- Public Prosecutor v. Van Anraat
149
4.7.
Concurence of corporate and individual criminal responsibility
150
4.8.
Conclusion
152
ch. 5
Corporate Civil Responsibility for Fundamental Human Rights
5.1.
Introduction
157
5.2.
Corporate civil responsibility for fundamental human rights
158
5.3.
Human Rights litigation in the United States under the Aliens Torts Claims Act
161
5.3.1.
Introduction
161
5.3.2.
Development of the ATCA
162
5.3.3.
Corporations and the Aliens Torts Claims Act
164
5.3.3.1.
Subject matter and personal jurisdiction of the U.S. federal courts
166
5.3.3.2.
Norms, the violation of which gives rise to the tortious liability of corporations and other non-state actors
167
5.3.4.
When does corporate tortious liability under the ATCA arise?
169
5.3.4.1.
Corporate complicity under the ATCA
170
5.3.5.
Criteria for corporate complicity in the absence of a state action requirement
172
5.3.5.1.
Interim conclusions re U.S. case law relating to complicity
176
5.3.6.
Corporate conspiracy in international torts
177
5.4.
Conclusion
179
ch. 6
A Critical Examination of Emerging International Quasi-Judicial Legal Regimes for Corporate Responsibility for Fundamental Human Rights
6.1.
Introduction
183
6.2.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
184
6.2.1.
Nature and scope of the guidelines
184
6.2.2.
Content of the Guidelines
186
6.2.3.
The OECD Guidelines' Implementation Procedure
189
6.2.4.
The procedure of National Contact Points
190
6.2.5.
Case law of the National Contact Points
193
6.2.6.
Global Witness v Afrimex Ltd.: Decision Applying OECD Guidelines on Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights
199
6.2.7.
Shortcomings and merits of the OECD Guidelines
202
6.2.7.1.
Shortcomings
202
6.2.7.2.
Merits
203
6.2.8.
Proposals
204
6.2.9.
Interim conclusion
206
6.3.
The Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Fundamental Human Rights
207
6.3.1.
Contents of the Tripartite Declaration
208
6.3.2.
Implementing the Tripartite Declaration
210
6.3.2.1.
Subcommittee on Multinational Enterprises
210
6.3.3.
Interpretation procedure of the Tripartite Declaration
212
6.3.4.
Critical assessment of ILO Declaration of Principles on Multinational Enterprises
215
6.4.
Conclusion
216
ch. 7
United Nations and Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights
7.1.
Attempts to regulate corporate behaviour within the United Nations framework
221
7.2.
The UN Norms on Human Rights Responsibilities of Corporations
221
7.3.
Implementation of the UN Norms
224
7.4.
The work of the UN Special Representative on business and human rights
226
7.5.
Global Compact
228
7.6.
Conclusion
230
ch. 8
Corporate Responsibility and Investment Law
8.1.
Introduction
233
8.2.
Stabilization clauses and the fundamental human rights obligations of corporations
234
8.2.1.
Application of stabilization clauses --- MDA Agreement
237
8.2.2.
The Application of the stabilization clauses---The Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Pipeline Project
239
8.3.
Right to effective remedy for the victims
243
8.4.
Integrating fundamental human rights obligations of corporate investors in foreign investment agreements
245
8.5.
Conclusion
247
pt. III
De Lege Ferenda Framework for Corporate Responsibility for Fundamental Human Rights
ch. 9
Towards a Normative Framework de Lege Ferenda for Human Rights Law and Business
9.1.
Introduction
253
9.2.
Why normative framework de lege ferenda?
253
9.3.
Concept of corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights in de lege ferenda normative framework
254
9.4.
Human Rights Impact Assessment
259
9.5.
Human rights law and business---a holistic approach
262
9.6.
From responsibility to accountability de lege ferenda: access to justice
264
9.7.
Summary of recommendations
268
9.8.
Conclusion
269
ch. 10
Summary and Conclusion
Selected Bibliography
280
Table of Cases
308
Table of Treaties and Legislation
318
Index
326