Globalization and private law : the way forward / edited by Michael Faure, André van der Walt.
2010
KZ1268 .G5565 2010 (Map It)
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Title
Globalization and private law : the way forward / edited by Michael Faure, André van der Walt.
Published
Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KZ1268 .G5565 2010
ISBN
9781848447608 (hbk. : alk. paper)
1848447604 (hbk. : alk. paper)
1848447604 (hbk. : alk. paper)
Description
xx, 488 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)502097508
Summary
"The project which inspired this book was based on cooperation between the Ius Commune Research School and the law faculty of Stellenbosch University in South Africa. The chapters in this book are based upon papers that were presented at two conferences held in December 2007 and December 2008 in Stellenbosch (South Africa)."--P. 4.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
List of contributors
xv
List of abbreviations
xvi
Introduction and editorial preface / Andre van der Walt
1
1.
Problem definition and reasons for this book
1
1.1.
Lawmaking in a globalized world
2
1.2.
Convergence, divergence, accountability and legitimacy
3
1.3.
Who sets the agenda?
4
2.
History and origins of this book
4
3.
Methodology
6
3.1.
Legal multidisciplinarity
6
3.2.
Comparative approach
7
3.3.
Multidisciplinarity
7
4.
Topics
7
5.
Central focus
10
6.
Structure of this book
10
7.
Contributors
11
8.
Acknowledgements
11
References
12
pt. I
GLOBALIZATION, DEMOCRACY AND ACCOUNTABILITY
1.
Democracy and (European) private law: a functional approach / Jan Smits
15
1.
Introduction
15
2.
Law without a state: a problem of democracy?
17
3.
Deconstructing democracy
19
4.
The legitimacy of the draft CFR
22
4.1.
Accountability: legitimacy through jurisdictional competition
23
4.2.
Participation: the experience with optional instruments
24
4.3.
Private law: design or organism?
25
5.
Conclusions
27
References
28
2.
Public accountability of transnational rule making: a view from the European Union and beyond / Deirdre Curtin
32
1.
Introduction
32
2.
Shifts in transnational governance: actors, instruments and levels
33
2.1.
Multi-level governance
33
2.2.
Actors
34
2.3.
Instruments
39
2.4.
Levels
40
3.
Approaches to legitimacy and democracy of transnational governance
41
3.1.
Approaches to understanding legitimacy in the EU
41
3.2.
Understanding and conceptualizing (EU) ̀democracy'
44
4.
Conceptualizing and applying public accountability
45
4.1.
Accountability relationships
45
4.2.
Accountability as a virtue
47
4.3.
Accountability as a social relationship
49
5.
Concluding remarks
50
References
52
pt. II
HARMONIZATION VERSUS DECENTRALIZATION
3.
Private law in a globalizing world: economic criteria for choosing the optimal regulatory level in a multi-level government system / Roger Van den Bergh
57
1.
Introduction
57
2.
Heterogeneity of preferences
59
3.
Decentralized information and innovation
62
4.
Interstate externalities
63
5.
Scale economies, transaction cost savings and the elimination of trade barriers
65
5.1.
The size of the cost savings
66
5.2.
Does harmonization advance market integration?
68
6.
Regulatory competition
69
6.1.
The level playing field argument
70
6.2.
Different types of regulatory competition
72
6.3.
Race to the bottom or race to the top: theoretical work and empirical evidence
75
7.
A public choice perspective
77
8.
Lessons for globalization of private law
80
8.1.
Interstate externalities
81
8.2.
Regulatory competition
84
8.3.
Cost savings
85
8.4.
Benefits of decentralization
89
9.
Conclusions
91
References
93
4.
Globalization and harmonization of international trade law / Sieg Eiselen
97
1.
Introduction
97
2.
A brief history of trade law harmonization: the Vienna Convention for the International Sale of Goods, 1980 (CISG)
100
3.
Different methods of achieving harmonization
106
3.1.
Introduction
106
3.2.
Instruments employed to achieve harmonization
107
3.2.1.
Formal instruments - conventions
107
3.2.2.
Soft law instruments - model laws or model codes open for adoption by countries
111
3.2.3.
Soft law instruments - voluntary codes open for adoption by individual commercial parties
113
3.3.
Agents and their methods of harmonization
114
3.3.1.
UNCITRAL
114
3.3.2.
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
119
3.3.3.
Unidroit
123
3.3.4.
World Customs Organization
125
4.
Conclusion
127
References
129
Conventions
129
Legislation
129
Case Law
129
Bibliography
131
List of websites accessed
136
pt. III
PUBLIC LAW
5.
The relation between private law and administrative law in view of globalization / Frits Stroink
139
1.
The true nature of administrative law
139
2.
Contracts between the administration and the citizen
140
3.
Administrative law and globalization
141
3.1.
The principle of legality
142
3.2.
Principles of proper administration
142
3.3.
Supervision by a judge
143
4.
Conclusion
143
References
144
6.
Beyond parochialism? Transnational contextualization in constitutional interpretation in South Africa (with particular reference to jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court) / Lourens du Plessis
145
1.
Introductory observations and explanations
145
2.
Gateway (s) to the ̀transnational context'
147
2.1.
Section 39 and the Makwanyane Guidelines
147
2.1.1.
The first guideline
148
2.1.2.
The second guideline (and the ̀framework dictum')
149
2.1.3.
The third guideline
149
2.2.
̀Transnational contextualization'
150
3.
International law
151
3.1.
International law, globalization and South Africa's ǹew constitution'
151
3.2.
̀Binding' and ǹon-binding' international law
154
3.3.
Looking critically at the framework dictum in Makwanyane
155
3.4.
The framework dictum compromised? -AZAPO
156
3.5.
Back to the framework: Grootboom
158
3.6.
Some other judgments significant for engagement with international law in constitutional interpretation
160
3.7.
An underused presumption
162
3.8.
Travaux preparatoires in constitutional interpretation - an example of international law ̀making' domestic constitutional law
164
3.9.
Conclusions pertinent to the role of international law
165
4.
Foreign law and constitutional comparativism
168
4.1.
Constitutional comparativism: believers and disbelievers
168
4.2.
The demonstrable value and advantages of constitutional comparativism
173
4.3.
Conclusions pertinent to constitutional comparativism
175
5.
General conclusions
178
References
179
Cases
179
Bibliography
180
7.
Globalization, state commercial activity and the transformation of administrative law / Geo Quinot
183
1.
Introduction
183
2.
S̀tate commercial activity'
186
3.
Applicable norms
187
4.
Enforcement of norms
193
5.
Private and public in law and social practice
201
6.
Conclusion
203
References
204
pt. IV
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
8.
Globalization: selected developments in corporate law / Bas Steins Bisschop
211
1.
Introduction
211
2.
The VOC: history and present
213
2.1.
Foundation of the VOC
213
2.2.
Àct of magic'
214
2.3.
Shareholders' rights in relation to the corporate organization
215
2.4.
Conclusion
216
3.
The BRIC countries
217
3.1.
Brazil
217
3.2.
Russia
218
3.3.
India
219
3.4.
China
220
3.5.
Conclusion
222
4.
The corporation and its stakeholders
222
4.1.
The main players in the corporate organization
223
4.2.
Shareholder and stakeholder models
223
4.3.
Convergence between these models?
224
4.4.
The enlightened shareholder model
227
4.5.
Corporate social responsibility
228
4.6.
Corporate interest
229
4.7.
Conclusion
229
5.
Challenges to the global corporate system
230
5.1.
The systematic threat posed by the credit crunch
230
5.2.
The threat posed by hedge funds
232
5.3.
The threat posed by bookkeeping scandals
232
5.4.
Other possible threats
233
5.5.
Reflex responses to the threats, and conclusion
234
6.
The limitations of legal remedies in the resolution of crises
236
6.1.
Ex Post and hindsight-biased judgments
236
6.2.
Confusion
238
6.3.
No surprise, really
240
6.4.
Further observations
241
6.5.
Conclusion
243
7.
Supporting legal remedies in the resolution of crises
243
7.1.
Some further comments on the efficiency of regulation
244
7.2.
Transition
245
7.3.
The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
247
7.4.
Amnesty
248
8.
Bringing together regulation, supervision, confidence and the TRC
249
8.1.
Intermediate conclusion
249
8.2.
The association with the TRC
250
8.3.
Recommendation
250
References
251
9.
Globalization and corporate law / Philip Sutherland
255
1.
Introduction
255
2.
What is globalization?
255
3.
Globalization, corporate law and multinational corporations
265
4.
Corporate law theory
271
5.
What form should corporate regulation take in the globalized world?
283
5.1.
Regulation in national law
284
5.2.
Convergence of national corporate laws
290
5.3.
International rules
298
6.
Alternative systems for constraining the activities of global corporations
299
6.1.
A system of competing rules
300
6.2.
The establishment of constraints outside traditional law
302
6.2.1.
International institutions
304
6.2.2.
Self-regulation by MNCs
317
6.2.3.
Non-governmental organizations
321
6.2.4.
Tightly knit multi-stakeholder networks
323
6.2.5.
Conclusions regarding the restraining of the activities of MNCs outside traditional law
326
7.
Conclusion
328
References
330
Legislation, Codes and Reports
330
Cases
333
Books
333
Journal articles
334
Websites
339
pt. V
PROCEDURAL ISSUES
10.
Civil procedure in a globalizing world / Remco van Rhee
343
1.
Introduction
343
2.
Law reform at the national level
345
3.
Competition between national systems of civil procedure
348
4.
Harmonization of procedural law on an international and a global scale
350
4.1.
The Storme Report: harmonization on a European scale
350
4.2.
The principles of transnational civil procedure and harmonization on a worldwide scale
357
5.
Final remarks
361
References
362
pt. VI
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
11.
Fundamental rights in private law: anchors or goals in a globalizing legal order? / Siewert Lindenbergh
367
1.
Human rights in private law
367
2.
Four illustrations
369
2.1.
The Burgschaft case
369
2.2.
The case of Wiebke Busch
370
2.3.
The Traveller case: limitation of liability
371
2.4.
The Pye case: deprivation of possession, or not?
372
3.
Bridging the traditional dichotomy between private law and public law
373
4.
The added value of a fundamental rights approach in private law
376
5.
Constitutional and/or supranational courts as driving forces
377
6.
Issues in relation to globalization
377
7.
A different perspective: private law as a tool for protection of fundamental rights
379
8.
Concluding remarks
380
References
381
12.
Globalization and multi-level governance of environmental harm / Michael Faure
383
1.
Introduction
383
1.1.
Starting point
383
1.2.
Challenges
384
1.3.
General background
385
1.4.
Structure
386
2.
Influence of environmental issues on globalization: positive analysis
387
2.1.
Increase of transboundary pollution
387
2.2.
Increased mobility of products and services
388
2.3.
Lowering environmental quality?
390
3.
Influence of environmental issues on globalization: normative analysis
392
3.1.
Multi-level governance
392
3.2.
Shift of governance for local pollution?
394
3.2.1.
Danger of a race to the bottom?
395
3.2.2.
The trade-environment dispute
396
3.3.
Mobility of products, firms and services
399
4.
Influence of globalization on (private) environmental law: positive analysis
400
4.1.
Institutional
400
4.2.
Procedural
401
4.2.1.
Integration of various legal spheres
401
4.2.2.
Effect of international law on private law
402
4.2.3.
Effect on public participation
403
4.2.4.
Tendency toward consensual solutions?
404
4.3.
Contents
405
5.
Influence of globalization on (private) environmental law: normative analysis
406
5.1.
Institutional
406
5.1.1.
Lawmaking beyond the nation state
406
5.1.2.
Victim and environmental protection doubtful
407
5.1.3.
Green treaties or protectionism?
409
5.1.4.
Limited public participation
410
5.1.5.
Shift problematic
411
5.1.6.
Possible remedies
411
5.2.
Procedural
412
5.2.1.
Distinction international-national becomes blurry
412
5.2.2.
Successful bargaining?
413
5.3.
Contents: differentiation of standards
414
6.
Contribution of environmental law to the globalization debate
415
6.1.
Environmental issues that shape the globalization debate
415
6.2.
Influence of globalization of environmental private law
415
6.3.
Many unresolved issues
416
6.4.
... Need multidisciplinary research!
417
References
417
13.
The rule of law and judicial activism: obstacles for shaping the law to meet the demands of a civilized society, particularly in relation to climate change? / Jaap Spier
426
1.
The nemesis of climate change
427
2.
A call for legal activism in the field of climate change?
427
3.
Judicial activism: a brief introduction
428
4.
A closer look
430
5.
A few examples
437
5.1.
Dutch cases I
437
5.2.
A slippery slope
439
5.3.
Dutch cases II
440
5.4.
The human rights perspective
441
5.5.
Compelling requirements of equity
441
5.6.
French, Belgian and Italian cases
442
5.7.
Hard cases on the edge of moral
443
5.8.
Non-European cases
443
5.9.
The struggle between judiciary and legislator
444
5.10.
Historical wrongs
445
5.11.
Climate change litigation
446
6.
Legislator and judiciary
446
7.
Interim conclusion
447
8.
Back to climate change and other topics of truly significant importance
448
References
451
pt. VII
COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS
14.
Comparative and concluding remarks / Andre van der Walt
457
1.
Lawmaking beyond the nation state
457
2.
Reaction to globalization by private actors
460
3.
Regulation and control
461
4.
Private-public law
461
5.
Convergence, divergence, harmonization
463
6.
Reinstalling legitimacy and accountability
464
7.
Procedural issues
465
8.
Remaining issues and challenges
466
References
467
Index
469