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Items
Details
Author
Title
The First Amendment / by Daniel A. Farber.
Published
New York, N.Y. : Foundation Press/Thomson, 2010.
Call Number
KF4772 .F37 2010
Edition
Third edition.
ISBN
9781599417516 (pbk.)
1599417510 (pbk.)
1599417510 (pbk.)
Description
xiii, 301 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)607324883
Note
Includes index.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
v
pt. I
FOUNDATIONAL ISSUES
1
ch. 1
Free Expression and The Constitution
1
I.
Why Protect Speech?
2
A.
Self-Realization and the Search for Truth
3
B.
Self-Government and Social Stability
5
C.
The Limits of Theory
6
II.
First Amendment History
8
A.
Origins of the First Amendment
8
B.
Free Speech and the Fourteenth Amendment
10
C.
The Evolving Judicial Role
11
III.
Overview of Current Doctrine
13
A.
"Unprotected" Speech
13
B.
Regulation of "Fully Protected" Speech
14
C.
Critiques of Current Doctrine
15
IV.
The Road Ahead
16
A.
Roadmap to the Book
16
B.
Pervasive Issues
17
ch. 2
The Content Distinction
20
I.
The Content Distinction in Operation
20
A.
Origins
20
B.
Content Regulation
22
C.
Content Neutrality
24
II.
Refining the Content Distinction
25
A.
Defining Content Neutrality
26
B.
Defining Viewpoint Discrimination
28
C.
Application to "Unprotected" Speech
30
D.
Other Exceptions
31
III.
The Future of the Content Distinction
32
A.
The Scholarly Debate
32
B.
Domesticating the Content Distinction
34
ch. 3
The First Amendment Toolkit
38
I.
Has There Been An "Abridgment" of "Speech"?
38
A.
Speech versus Conduct
39
B.
The Right to Remain Silent
40
C.
Inducements versus Coercion
42
II.
What Kind of "Abridgment"?
44
A.
The Rule Against Prior Restraints
45
B.
Chilling Effects: The Overbreadth and Vagueness Doctrines
48
III.
The Question of Deference
52
pt. II
THE CATEGORICAL APPROACH
57
ch. 4
Illegal Advocacy
57
I.
The Rise of "Clear and Present Danger"
57
A.
Historical Background
57
B.
The Great Dissenters
59
C.
Free Speech Takes Root
62
II.
The McCarthy Era and Its Aftermath
63
A.
The Dennis Ruling
63
B.
Post-Dennis Opinions
65
C.
Assessing "Clear and Present Danger"
66
III.
Brandenburg and Beyond
67
A.
The Current Test
68
B.
Is Brandenburg's Approach Justified?
70
IV.
Other Restrictions on Subversive Speech
71
A.
Prior Restraints
72
B.
Investigations
73
C.
Loyalty Oaths
74
D.
Threats
75
V.
Brandenburg as Paradigm
76
ch. 5
Defamation and Other Torts
79
I.
The New York Times Case
79
A.
Background
79
B.
The Court's Opinion
82
C.
Appraising the New York Times Rule
85
II.
Applying the New York Times Rule
86
A.
Who is a Public Figure?
86
B.
What is Defamatory?
89
C.
What is Malice?
90
III.
Private Libels
92
A.
The Gertz Rule
92
B.
Does the Defendant's Identity or the Nature of the Topic Matter?
93
IV.
Other Torts
94
A.
"False Light"
95
B.
Disclosing Private Facts
96
C.
Infliction of Emotional Distress
98
V.
Conclusion
99
ch. 6
Offensive Language and Have Speech
102
I.
Regulation of Offensive Expression
102
A.
Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences
102
B.
Offensive Language, Captive Audiences, and Public Civility
105
II.
R.A.V. and the Content Distinction
108
III.
University Regulation of Hate Speech
111
A.
Regulations Keyed to the Racist Content of Speech
111
B.
Penalty Enhancement Based on Racist Motivation
113
C.
Regulation Ancillary to Prohibitions on Discriminatory Conduct
114
IV.
Critiques of Current First Amendment Doctrine
116
A.
Uniqueness of Harm
117
B.
Equality Versus Liberty
119
ch. 7
Sexual Material
125
I.
The Development of Obscenity Law
125
A.
The Roth-Memoirs Test
126
B.
Obscenity and the Two-Tier Theory
128
C.
The Defendant's Conduct
130
II.
Current Obscenity Law
131
A.
Miller v. California
131
III.
The "Zoning" Approach
134
A.
"Second Class" Protected Speech?
135
B.
Secondary Effects
137
IV.
The "Civil Rights" Approach
139
A.
Proposed Legislation
139
B.
Pornography and Sexism
141
C.
Pornography and Violence Against Women
142
D.
Problems of Interpretation
144
ch. 8
Commercial Speech
147
I.
The Road to Protected Status
147
A.
Creation and Erosion of Unprotected Status
147
B.
Virginia Board
149
C.
Should Commercial Speech be Protected?
150
II.
The Current Status of Commercial Speech
152
A.
The Boundaries of Commercial Speech
152
B.
The Central Hudson Test
153
C.
Should Commercial Speech be Fully Protected?
156
III.
Specific Types of Advertising
158
A.
Advertising by Lawyers
159
B.
High-Risk Forms of Consumption
160
IV.
The Future of the Categorical Approach
162
pt. III
SPEECH IN SPECIAL SETTINGS
166
ch. 9
Public Property
166
I.
Development of Public Forum Doctrine
167
A.
Access, Equality, and Discretion
167
B.
Public Demonstrations and the Warren Court
169
C.
The Modern Approach
171
II.
Regulation in Traditional Forums
173
A.
Content Regulation
173
B.
Time, Place, and Manner Regulations
175
C.
Licenses
177
D.
Injunctions
178
III.
Classifying Forums
180
A.
Streets and Walkways
180
B.
Metaphorical Forums
182
C.
Assessing Perry
183
IV.
The Future of Public Forum Doctrine
184
ch. 10
Speech in The Public Sector
187
I.
Custodial Institutions
187
A.
Schools
187
B.
Prisons
191
C.
The Military
192
II.
Public Employees
193
A.
Dissenters in the Workplace
193
B.
Partisan Activities
196
III.
Government Funding
199
A.
Doctrinal Developments
200
B.
The Subsidy Puzzle
202
ch. 11
The Media
206
I.
The Media and the Criminal Justice System
207
A.
Protection of Sources
207
B.
Fair Trial/Free Press
209
C.
Access by the Media
211
II.
Access to the Media
214
A.
Broadcasting
214
B.
Other Media
216
III.
The Future of Media Law
218
A.
Conflicting Models
218
B.
Straws in the Wind
220
ch. 12
Associations, Parties, and Political Campaigns
224
I.
Freedom of Association
224
A.
Regulating Group Membership
225
B.
Collective Action
229
II.
Political Parties
231
A.
Internal Party Affairs
231
B.
Ballot Access
232
III.
Campaign Financing
234
A.
The Buckley Decision
234
B.
Between Buckley and McConnell
237
C.
McConnell v. Federal Election Commission and Beyond
239
IV.
Concluding Thoughts on Quasi-Public Speech
242
pt. IV
RELIGION
245
ch. 13
Free Exercise
245
I.
The Constitutional Status of Religion
246
A.
Religious Freedom in American History
246
B.
Free Exercise Values
248
C.
Defining "Religion"
249
II.
Exemptions for Religious Conduct
251
A.
The Era of the Compelling Interest Test
251
B.
Smith and Religious Exemptions
254
C.
Smith and Original Intent
255
D.
Smith and Constitutional Values
257
III.
The Current Status of Free Exercise
258
A.
Targeted Regulation of Religion
259
B.
The Inviolability of Theological Claims
260
C.
Exemptions from Neutral Laws After Smith
262
ch. 14
The Establishment Clause
265
I.
The Basics
266
A.
The Origin of the Establishment Clause
266
B.
Doctrinal Evolution
269
C.
Separationists versus Accommodationists
271
II.
Current Judicial Approaches
272
A.
Secular Purpose and Effect
273
B.
Endorsement
274
C.
Coercion
275
III.
Doctrinal Evolution: Moving Beyond Chaos?
276
A.
Religion in Public School Programs
276
B.
Aid to Parochial Schools
280
C.
Religious Symbolism
282
IV.
The Accommodation Problem
283
A.
War Between the Clauses?
283
B.
Possible Resolutions
284
C.
Impermissible Accommodations
285
V.
Concluding Thoughts on Current First Amendment Law
286
Table of Cases
289
Index
297