Contract and related obligation : theory, doctrine, and practice / by Robert S. Summers, Robert A. Hillman.
2011
KF801.A7 S95 2011 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Contract and related obligation : theory, doctrine, and practice / by Robert S. Summers, Robert A. Hillman.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West, [2011]
Copyright
©2011
Call Number
KF801.A7 S95 2011
Edition
Sixth edition.
ISBN
0314907106
9780314907103
9780314907103
Description
lxvi, 1,192 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)678476516
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface to Sixth Edition
v
Preface to Fifth Edition
vii
Preface to Fourth Edition
ix
Preface to Third Edition
xi
Preface to Second Edition
xiii
Preface to First Edition
xv
General Acknowledgments to Sixth Edition
xix
Personal Acknowledgments to Sixth Edition
xxvii
Personal Acknowledgments to Fifth Edition
xxix
Personal Acknowledgments to Fourth Edition
xxxi
Personal Acknowledgments to Third Edition
xxxiii
Personal Acknowledgments to Second Edition
xxxv
Personal Acknowledgments to First Edition
xxxvii
Table of Cases
lix
pt. ONE
FOUNDATIONS OF CONTRACT AND RELATED OBLIGATION
ch. One
Introduction
2
One.
Contract and Related Obligation
4
Cavers, Legal Education and Lawyer Made Law
4
Fuller, Professional Responsibility
5
A.
The Noncommercial Specially Drafted Agreement
5
Comments and Questions
7
Comments and Questions
10
Model Rules of Professional Conduct
11
Comments and Questions
12
Comments and Questions
15
Note Responses to a Complaint
17
White v. Benkowski
23
Comments and Questions
27
Note The General Theory of Obligation in White v. Benkowski
28
B.
Other Basic Types of Agreements
29
Slawson, Standard Form Contracts and Democratic Control of Law Making Power
29
MacNeil, A Primer of Contract Planning
30
C.
A Brief Introduction to Relational Exchange
31
Two.
Major Social Resources That Facilitate Agreements and Their Performance
32
K. Llewellyn, Contract: Institutional Aspects
32
A.
Resources Not Primary Objects of Study in This Book, but of Importance to Its Themes
32
B.
Resources to Be Studied in This Book
33
Three.
General Theories of Obligation and Remedies---An Introduction
36
A.
Theories of Obligation
36
B.
Remedies
37
Problem 1-1
38
Sullivan v. O'Connor
38
Note More on the "Contract-no Contract" Dichotomy
46
ch. Two
General Theories of Obligation
48
One.
Theories of Obligation and Their Relevance to the Lawyer's Role
48
Two.
Obligation Arising From an Agreement With Consideration---The Leading Theory
50
Hardesty v. Smith
51
Dougherty v. Salt
52
Problem 2-1
54
Williston, Restatement of Contracts Is Published by the American Law Institute
55
L. Fuller, Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Interests
56
Fuller, American Legal Philosophy at Midcentury
56
K. Llewellyn, The Bramble Bush
56
Fuller, Consideration and Form
56
Kreitner, The Gift Beyond the Grave: Revisiting the Question of Consideration
60
Problem 2-2
60
Maughs v. Porter
61
Hamer v. Sidway
64
G. Gilmore, The Death of Contract
67
Baehr v. Penn-O-Tex Oil Corp.
67
Neuhoff v. Marvin Lumber and Cedar Co.
70
Springstead v. Nees
71
2 Corbin on Contracts
73
Note Promise for Promise as Consideration
74
Fuller, Consideration and Form
74
Von Mehren, Contracts in General
76
Fuller & Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages
76
De Los Santos v. Great Western Sugar Company
77
Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon
79
Problem 2-3
81
A Treatise on the Law of Master and Servant / H. G. Wood
81
Weiner v. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
81
Blades, Employment at Will vs. Individual Freedom: On Limiting the Abusive Exercise of Employer Power
84
Mattei v. Hopper
84
Problem 2-4
87
Note The Preexisting Duty Doctrine
87
2 Corbin on Contracts
88
Problem 2-5
88
Comments and Questions
89
Three.
Obligation Arising From Justified Reliance---Promissory Estoppel
89
Papinian (Circa 200 A.D.) in Justinian, Digest
89
S. Pufendorf, De Jure Naturae Et Gentium
89
MacCormick, Voluntary Obligations and Normative Powers
90
Atiyah, Contracts, Promises and the Law of Obligations
90
Kirksey v. Kirksey
90
Ryerss v. Trustees of Presbyterian Congregation of Blossburg
91
H. Maine, Ancient Law
92
Seavey v. Drake
92
Note Differences Between Equity and Law
93
J. Pomeroy's Equity Jurisprudence
95
Siegel v. Spear & Co.
96
Epstein, The Many Faces of Fault in Contract Law: Or How to Do Economics Right Without Really Trying
99
Seavey, Reliance Upon Gratuitous Promises or Other Conduct
99
Problem 2-6
99
Explanatory Notes in Restatement (First) of Contracts
100
Note The Emergence of a New Theory of Obligation
101
S. Williston and G. Thompson, 1 A Treatise on the Law of Contracts
102
Note, Contracts, Promissory Estoppel
102
Wheeler v. White
103
Hoffman v. Red Owl Stores
107
Henderson, Promissory Estoppel and Traditional Contract Doctrine
114
Whitford & Macaulay, Hoffman v. Red Owl Stores: The Rest of the Story
114
Note Another Pop Star's Experience With Promissory Estoppel
117
Local 1330, United Steel Workers v. United States Steel Corp.
118
Metzger and Phillips, The Emergence of Promissory Estoppel as an Independent Theory of Recovery
123
Note Promissory Estoppel in the Restatement (Second) of Contracts
123
Knapp, Reliance in the Revised Restatement: The Proliferation of Promissory Estoppel
123
Hillman, Questioning the "New Consensus" on Promissory Estoppel: An Empirical and Theoretical Study
124
Problem 2-7
125
Four.
Obligation Arising From Unjust Enrichment
125
Pomponius (Circa 150 A.D.) in Justinian, Digest
125
G. Palmer, Law of Restitution
126
Bloomgarden v. Coyer
126
Sparks v. Gustafson
132
Problem 2-8
134
D. Dobbs, Remedies
135
Gay v. Mooney
136
Perillo, Restitution in a Contractual Context
137
Kearns v. Andree
137
Dawson, Restitution Without Enrichment
141
Kull, Rationalizing Restitution
141
Posner v. Seder
142
Kelley v. Hance
143
Britton v. Turner
145
Gordon, Britton v. Turner: A Signpost on the Crooked Road to "Freedom" in the Employment Contract
149
Problem 2-9
149
Note Variant Terminology: Unjust Enrichment, Restitution, QuasiContract, Quantum Meruit, Common Counts
151
Watts v. Watts
152
Note Regulation of Private Relations
156
G. Gilmore, The Death of Contract
157
J. Dawson, Gifts and Promises
157
Five.
Obligation Arising From Promises for Benefit Received
158
Mills v. Wyman
158
Note Mills v. Wyman: Additional Facts
160
Webb v. McGowin
161
Harrington v. Taylor
165
Oberer, On Law, Lawyering and Law Professing: The Golden Sand
166
Edson v. Poppe
167
Henderson, Promises Grounded in the Past: The Idea of Unjust Enrichment and the Law of Contracts
169
Note The Concept of Moral Obligation
170
Six.
Obligation Arising From Tort
172
W. Prosser and W. Keeton on Torts
172
Speidel, The Borderland of Contract
173
Mauldin v. Sheffer
174
W. Prosser and W. Keeton on Torts
179
Hargrave v. Oki Nursery, Inc.
180
Note Additional Elaboration of Oki Nursery's Argument
182
I. Ayres & G. Klass, Insineere Promises
183
Note Strict Tort Liability
186
Note Major Types of Relations Between Contract and Tort Theory
189
Seven.
Obligation Arising Solely From Form
189
Eisenberg, Donative Promises
190
Problem 2-10
191
Eight.
Obligation Arising From a Statutory Warranty
191
Keith v. Buchanan
192
Note More on the Differences Between Affirmations of Fact and Opinion
199
Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room
199
J. White & R. Summers, Uniform Commercial Code
203
C. Germain, The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Guide to Research and Literature
204
Nine.
The Statute of Frauds
205
Howard M. Schoor Associates, Inc. v. Holmdel Heights Construction Co.
208
Note What Kind of Writing?
213
Sterling v. Taylor
213
Note More on What Kind of Writing?
223
Mclntosh v. Murphy
223
Note Part Performance and the Statute of Frauds
231
Problem 2-11
232
Fry, X Marks the Spot: New Technologies Compel New Concepts for Commercial Law
232
Note The Statute of Frauds and Electronic Contracting
234
Problem 2-12
234
ch. Three
Remedies
236
One.
Remedies and the Role of Lawyers
236
Two.
Remedial Theory---Some Fundamentals
237
Pound, The Limits of Effective Legal Action
237
Fuller and Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages
237
Charny, Nonlegal Sanctions in Commercial Relationships
240
Three.
Expectancy Damages for Breach of an Agreement With Consideration---The Rule, Its Rationales, and Its Application in Various Contexts
241
Groves v. John Wunder Co.
241
Eisenberg, The Responsive Model of Contract Law
253
Maute, The Unearthed Facts of Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co.
254
Rock Island Improvement Company v. Helmerich & Payne, Inc.
254
Radford v. De Froberville
257
Problem 3-1
258
Thorne v. White
259
Warner v. McLay
262
Comments and Questions
263
Fuller and Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages
263
Von Mehren, Contracts in General
265
Handicapped Children's Education Bd. of Sheboygan County v. Lukaszewski
266
Note The Concept of "Efficient Breach" ---An Introduction and Caveat
269
R. Posner, Economic Analysis of Law
270
L. Fuller, The Morality of Law
271
Problem 3-2
271
Problem 3-3
271
Cooper v. Clute
272
Problem 3-4
273
Neri v. Retail Marine Corp.
275
Problem 3-5
279
Note Lost Expectancy, General Damages, and Consequential Damages
280
Four.
Availability of Lost Expectancy Damages---Qualifications and Limits
281
Hadley v. Baxendale
281
Problem 3-6
284
R. Posner, Economic Analysis of Law
285
Ayres and Gertner, Filling Gaps in Incomplete Contracts: An Economic Theory of Default Rules
285
Armstrong v. Bangor Mill Supply Corp.
286
Note The Tacit Agreement Test
287
Problem 3-7
287
Clark v. Marsiglia
288
Problem 3-8
289
Schiavi Mobile Homes, Inc. v. Gironda
290
Problem 3-9
293
Parker v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.
293
Hillman, Keeping the Deal Together After Material Breach---Common Law Mitigation Rules, the UCC, and the Restatement (Second) of Contracts
301
Problem 3-10
301
In re WorldCom, Inc.
302
Evergreen Amusement Corp. v. Milstead
307
Note The New Business Rule Today
309
Lakota Girl Scout Council, Inc. v. Havey Fund-Raising Management, Inc.
309
Ben-Shahar and Bernstein, The Secrecy Interest in Contract Law
314
Chrum v. Charles Heating and Cooling, Inc.
315
Note Punitive Damages in Contract Cases
319
Note Other Qualifications and Limits on Lost Expectancy Recovery
320
Hillman, Contract Lore
322
Five.
Reimbursement of Reliance Costs as an Alternative Remedy Where There Is a Breach of an Agreement With Consideration
323
Nurse v. Barns
323
Chicago Coliseum Club v. Dempsey
323
Note Subsequent Developments: Dempsey v. Tunney
329
Fuller and Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages
331
Aulotrol Corp. v. Continental Water Systems Corp.
333
Six.
Validity of Clauses Providing for a Specific Monetary Remedy in the Event of Breach or Repudiation of an Agreement With Consideration
338
H.J. McGrath Co. v. Wisner
338
Truck Rent-A-Center, Inc. v. Puritan Farms 2nd, Inc.
340
Problem 3-11
345
Note Possible Recovery Under a Liquidated Damages Clause When There Are No Actual Damages
345
Problem 3-12
346
Vanderbilt University v. DiNardo
347
Problem 3-13
353
Hillman, The Limits of Behavioral Decision Theory in Legal Analysis: The Case of Liquidated Damages
354
Seven.
Monetary Remedies Where the Theory of Obligation Is Promissory Estoppel
356
Goodman v. Dicker
357
D & G Stout, Inc. v. Bacardi Imports, Inc.
359
Walters v. Marathon Oil Co.
362
Problem 3-14
365
Note Reliance Recovery When the Agreement Has Been Disrupted
365
Eight.
Restitutionary Relief and Theories of Obligation
365
Craswell, Against Fuller and Perdue
367
A.
Where a Non-Breaching Plaintiff Conferred a Benefit and Elects a Restitutionary Recovery
368
United States for Use of Susi Contracting Co. v. Zara Contracting Co.
368
Henderson, Promises Grounded in the Past: The Idea of Unjust Enrichment and the Law of Contracts
371
B.
Where a Non-Breaching Plaintiff Conferred a Benefit but Had a Negative Expectancy (a "Losing" Contract)
373
Childres & Garamella, The Law of Restitution and the Reliance Interest in Contract
375
Kull, Restitution as a Remedy for Breach of Contract
376
Problem 3-15
376
C.
Where a Non-Breaching Plaintiff Conferred a Benefit but Cannot Prove Lost Expectancy
377
Bausch & Lomb, Inc. v. Bressler
377
Osteen v. Johnson
382
Note The Importance of Formal Written Contracts
384
D.
Where the Plaintiff Has Conferred a Benefit but the Contract Is Invalid, Frustrated, or Otherwise Unenforceable
385
E.
Where the Plaintiff Has Materially Broken the Contract After Conferring a Benefit
386
Problem 3-16
386
Nine.
Specific Performance
387
Kitchen v. Herring
387
Note Remedial Rights Under a Contract for the Sale of Land
388
Curtice Brothers Co. v. Catts
389
Note Enforcement of Specific Performance Decrees
393
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
396
Note Defenses to and Limitations on Availability of Specific Performance
396
Pratt Furniture Co. v. McBee
398
Ten.
Alternative Dispute Resolution: An Introduction
405
Lieberman & Henry, Lessons From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement
405
Shavell, Alternative Dispute Resolution: An Economic Analysis
406
Mentschikoff, The Significance of Arbitration---A Preliminary Inquiry
406
Stipanowich, Arbitration: The "New Litigation"
409
pt. TWO
THE AGREEMENT PROCESS
ch. Four
Agreements and Promises
412
One.
The Agreement Process and the Role of Lawyers
412
Two.
Planning and Drafting
412
A.
Two Main Types of Planning
413
MacNeil, A Primer of Contract Planning
413
B.
Drafting Techniques
413
Maxey, Fundamentals of Draftsmanship---A Guide for the Apprentice in Preparing Agreements
414
C.
Planning and Drafting for Performance
418
P. Siviglia, Writing Contracts
418
D. Bender, P. Bergman & S. Price, Lawyers as Counselors: A Client-Centered Approach
419
MacNeil, A Primer of Contract Planning
419
Problem 4-1
420
Weistart, Requirements and Output Contracts: Quantity Variations Under the UCC
421
Problem 4-2
423
Stacks v. F & S Petroleum Co.
423
D.
Planning and Drafting Against Risks
425
Louis Brown, Planning by Lawyers
428
Problem 4-3
429
Note Negotiation Techniques
429
H. Edwards & J. White, The Lawyer as a Negotiator
430
Question
431
K. Clermont, R. Hillman, S. Johnson & R. Summers, Law for Society: Nature, Functions, and Limits
431
Three.
The Limits of Planning
432
Macaulary, The Use and Non-Use of Contract in the Manufacturing Industry
433
Comment, Attorney Malpractice in California: The Liability of a Lawyer Who Drafts an Imprecise Contract or Will
434
Louis Brown, Planning by Lawyers
435
Note Contracts in Russia in the 1990's
435
Four.
The Nature of Assent
436
Embry v. Hargadine, McKittrick Dry Goods Co.
436
Problem 4-4
440
Lucy v. Zehmer
441
19 A. Leopold, G. Beyer, & D. Park, West's Legal Forms
447
Note Theories of Obligation Revisited
450
Whittier, The Restatement of Contracts and Mutual Assent
450
Problem 4-5
451
Problem 4-6
452
Morrow v. Morrow
453
Tilbert v. Eagle Lock Co.
454
1 Corbin on Contracts
458
Problem 4-7
458
Raffles v. Wichelhaus
459
A. W. B. Simpson, Leading Cases in the Common Law
461
Five.
The Offer
463
1 Corbin on Contracts
463
Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis Surplus Store, Inc.
463
Courteen Seed Co. v. Abraham
466
Southworth v. Oliver
469
Problem 4-8
474
Problem 4-9
474
Six.
The Acceptance
475
Corbin, Offer and Acceptance, and Some of the Resulting Legal Relations
475
Ardente v. Horan
476
Problem 4-10
478
Eliason v. Henshaw
479
Allied Steel and Conveyors, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co.
481
White v. Corlies
484
Problem 4-11
487
Note Independent Significance of Agreement and Consideration
488
Seven.
Duration of Offers
488
Akers v. J.B. Sedberry, Inc.
489
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
494
Vaskie v. West American Insurance Co.
494
Note Still Further Aspects of Vaskie v. West American Insurance Co.
499
Caldwell v. Cline
499
Note Counter-Offers
500
J. Dawson, Gifts and Promises
502
Note The Offeror's Power to Revoke
503
Marsh v. Lott
503
Davis v. Jacoby
507
Wormser, The True Conception of Unilateral Contracts
512
Brackenbury v. Hodgkin
514
Note An Even Truer Conception of Unilateral Contracts
516
Questions
516
Petterson v. Pattberg
517
Problem 4-12
520
Note Additional Facts in Petterson v. Pattberg
521
Pettit, Modern Unilateral Contracts
521
Garber v. Harris Trust & Sav. Bank
522
Note A Drafter's Response to Garber v. Harris Trust?
524
Note The Duty of the Offeree of a Unilateral Contract Who Has Begun Performance to Notify the Offeror
524
James Baird Co. v. Gimbel Bros
525
Drennan v. Star Paving Co.
527
Schultz, The Firm Offer Puzzle: A Study of Business Practice in the Construction Industry
531
C. Langdell, A Summary of the Law of Contracts
534
Problem 4-13
534
Note Reliance in the Bargaining Context
534
Kessler and Fine, Culpa in Contrahendo, Bargaining in Good Faith, and Freedom of Contract: A Comparative Study
535
Eight.
Bargaining at a Distance
535
Adams v. Lindsell
535
Problem 4-14
538
Worms v. Burgess
538
Note Electronic Contract Issues
542
Nine.
Agreements to Agree and Related Matters
543
Arnold Palmer Golf Co. v. Fuqua Industries, Inc.
543
Empro Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. Ball-Co Manufacturing, Inc.
549
Llewellyn, On Warranty of Quality, and Society
553
Whitford, Ian MacNeil's Contribution to Contracts Scholarship
553
Joseph Martin, Jr., Delicatessen Inc. v. Schumacher
554
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
557
Ten.
Limits on the Scope of Traditional Offer-Acceptance Analysis---A Summary
557
Schlesinger, Manifestation of Assent Without Identifiable Sequence in Offer and Acceptance
558
Buxbaum, Rudolf B. Schlesinger---A Tribute
560
Eleven.
Introduction to Contract Formation in the Form Contract Setting
560
Note Basic Routes to Contract Formation Under Section 2-207
563
Stemcor USA, Inc. v. Trident Steel Corp.
563
J. White & R. Summers, The Uniform Commercial Code
568
Note Terms on or in Containers
569
Hill v. Gateway 2000
569
Note The Battle of the Forms Under Amended Article 2
575
ch. Five
Policing Agreements and Promises
577
One.
Policing Doctrines and the Role of Lawyers
577
Two.
Duress
582
Standard Box Co. v. Mutual Biscuit Co.
582
Dalzell, Duress by Economic Pressure I
585
S.P. Dunham & Company v. Kudra
585
Dalzell, Duress by Economic Pressure I
588
Dawson, Economic Duress and the Fair Exchange in French and German Law
589
M. Trebilcock, The Limits of Freedom of Contract
589
Problem 5-1
590
Note "Price Gouging" Statutes
590
Note Undue Influence
591
Three.
Misrepresentation, Concealment, and the Duty to Disclose
591
Bates v. Cashman
591
Gibb v. Citicorp Mortgage, Inc.
592
Note Damages for Fraudulent and Negligent Misrepresentation
599
Holcomb v. Hoffschneider
599
Weintraub v. Krobatsch
604
American Law Institute Principles of the Law of Software Contracts
609
Mistake, Disclosure, Information and the Law of Contracts
610
C. Fried, Contract as Promise
611
Hillman and O'Rourke, Defending Disclosure in Software Licensing
611
Problem 5-2
612
Note Duty to Disclose the Legal Effect of an Agreement
612
P. Siviglia, Writing Contracts
614
Note A Comparative View
614
Four.
Public Policy
614
McCutcheon v. United Homes Corp.
614
Note Interplay Between Process and Substance
619
Problem 5-3
619
Llewellyn, Book Review: O. Prausnitz, The Standardization of Commercial Contracts in English and Continental Law
620
Dwyer v. Jung
622
Karpinski v. Ingrasci
626
Note Game Show Covenant Not to Compete
630
Problem 5-4
631
Five.
Inequality of the Exchange
631
1 J. Story, Commentaries on Equity Jurisprudence as Administered in England and America
631
Black Industries, Inc. v. Bush
632
Jackson v. Seymour
635
Atiyah, Book Review: C. Fried, Contract as Promise
639
Six.
Unconscionability
640
A.
Origins
640
Ryan v. Weiner
641
B.
Procedural and Substantive Unconscionability
649
Industralease Automated & Scientific Equipment Corp. v. R.M.E. Enterprises, Inc.
649
Note Procedural and Substantive Unconscionability
653
Hillman, Debunking Some Myths About Unconscionability: A New Framework for U.C.C. Section 2-302
657
Jones v. Star Credit Corp.
657
Nehf, Writing Contracts in the Client's Interest
662
Pound, Discretion, Dispensation and Mitigation: The Problem of the Individual Special Case
663
Note Unconscionability and Remedy Limitations
664
Seven.
Policing the Standard Form Contract
666
Kessler, Contracts of Adhesion---Some Thoughts About Freedom of Contract
666
Fairfield Leasing Corporation v. Techni-Graphics, Inc.
668
C & J Fertilizer, Inc. v. Allied Mutual Insurance Co.
671
White, Form Contracts Under Revised Article 2
680
Problem 5-5
681
Caspi v. The Microsoft Network
682
Note Some Evidence of the Lack of Reading of E-Standard Forms
685
Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp.
686
Hillman, Online Boilerplate: Would Mandatory Website Disclosure of E-Standard Terms Backfire?
694
Note Internet Retail Strategies
697
Eight.
Some Additional Policing Doctrines
698
Nine.
Policing Contract Modifications
699
Alaska Packers' Association v. Domenico
700
Threedy, A Fish Story: Alaska Packers' Association v. Domenico
703
Schwartzreich v. Bauman-Basch, Inc.
703
Problem 5-6
707
Note The Preexisting Duty Rule Today
707
Angel v. Murray
709
Hillman, Contract Modification Under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts
712
MacNeil, Economic Analysis of Contractual Relations: Its Shortfalls and the Need for a "Rich Classificatory Apparatus"
712
Flowers v. Diamond Shamrock Corp.
713
Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. v. Arroll
719
Problem 5-7
721
Note Executory Accord, Accord and Satisfaction, and Substituted Contract, Under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts
722
Problem 5-8
723
Note Legal and Non-legal Factors in Negotiating Settlements
723
pt. THREE
THE PERFORMANCE PROCESS
ch. Six
Substantive Content of the Duty to Perform
726
One.
The Performance Stage and the Role of Lawyers
726
Two.
Contract Terms and Parol Evidence Rules
727
Mitchill v. Lath
728
Masterson v. Sine
733
N.Y. Real Prop. Law [§] 258
740
Baker v. Bailey
741
4 S. Williston and W. Jaeger, A Treatise on the Law of Contracts
744
6 Corbin on Contracts
745
Calamari & Perillo, A Plea for a Uniform Parol Evidence Rule and Principles of Contract Interpretation
746
Problem 6-1
746
J. White and R. Summers, Uniform Commercial Code
747
Note The Ambiguity Exception to the Parol Evidence Rule
748
Gold Kist, Inc. v. Carr
748
Greenfield v. Philles Records, Inc.
751
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. v. G.W. Thomas Drayage & Rigging Co.
754
Eskimo Pie Corp. v. Whitelawn Dairies, Inc.
759
Harrison v. Fred S. James, P.A., Inc.
765
Problem 6-2
769
Note The Parol Evidence Rule and Other Theories of Obligation
770
Hield v. Thyberg
770
Model Rules of Professional Conduct
774
Problem 6-3
774
Note The "Condition Precedent" Exception to the Parol Evidence Rule
775
6 Corbin on Contracts
775
Three.
General Principles of Interpretation
777
Patterson, The Interpretation and Construction of Contracts
777
Berke Moore Co. v. Phoenix Bridge Co.
777
Problem 6-4
779
Turner Holdings, Inc. v. Howard Miller Clock Co.
781
Nanakuli Paving and Rock Co. v. Shell Oil Co., Inc.
788
Gewirtz, Commentary on Karl N. Llewellyn, What Price Contract?---An Essay in Perspective
797
R. Scott, Is Article 2 the Best We Can Do?
798
Problem 6-5
799
Note The Importance of Clear Drafting
800
Four.
Gap Fillers
802
Cohen, The Basis of Contract
802
Haines v. City of New York
803
Farnsworth, Disputes Over Omission in Contracts
805
Haslund v. Simon Property Group, Inc.
807
Problem 6-6
810
Note Gap Fillers Under the Uniform Commercial Code
811
Southwest Engineering Co. v. Martin Tractor Co.
811
Five.
Good Faith
817
Fortune v. National Cash Register Co.
817
Summers, "Good Faith" in General Contract Law and the Sales Provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code
828
1970 Proceedings of the American Law Institute
829
Summers, The General Duty of Good Faith---Its Recognition and Conceptualization
830
Feld v. Henry S. Levy & Sons, Inc.
831
Note Good Faith in the Uniform Commercial Code
834
Pillois v. Billingsley
834
Note Good Faith in German Law
837
Holmes, The Path of the Law
838
L. Fuller, The Law in Quest of Itself
838
ch. Seven
Conditional Nature of the Duty to Perform, and Permissible Responses to Failure of Condition and Breach of Duty
840
One.
Conditions and the Role of Lawyers
840
Two.
Specific Uses of Express Conditions and Their Operation and Effect
843
Corbin, Conditions in the Law of Contracts
845
Merritt Hill Vineyards Inc. v. Windy Heights Vineyard, Inc.
848
Jacob & Youngs, Inc. v. Kent
849
Note Two Comments on Jacob & Youngs, Inc.
854
Atiyah, Book Review of C. Fried, Contract as Promise
854
Craswell, When is a Willful Breach "Willful"? The Link Between Definitions and Damages
855
Problem 7-1
855
Brown-Marx Associates, Ltd. v. Emigrant Savings Bank
855
Note Special Rules Applicable to Express Conditions
860
Three.
Interpretation of Contract Language to Determine if it Creates an Express Condition
861
Glaholm v. Hays
861
Howard v. Federal Crop Ins. Corp.
863
Problem 7-2
868
Problem 7-3
868
Four.
Interpretation of the Content of Express Conditions
868
Gibson v. Cranage
868
Forman v. Benson
870
Note Further Aspects of Forman v. Benson
876
Luttinger v. Rosen
877
Five.
Excuse and Avoidance of Express Conditions
879
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours Powder Co. v. Schlottman
879
Hanna v. Commercial Travelers' Mutual Accident Association
881
Connecticut Fire Insurance Co. v. Fox
885
8 Corbin on Contracts
888
R. Hillman, Principles of Contract Law
889
Problem 7-4
889
Six.
The Overriding of Express Conditions to Prevent Forfeiture
890
J.N.A. Realty Corp. v. Cross Bay Chelsea, Inc.
890
Knapp, Judgment Call: Theoretical Approaches to Contract Decision-Making
897
Holiday Inns of America, Inc. v. Knight
899
Problem 7-5
902
Note Unjust Enrichment as a Theory to Prevent Forfeiture
902
Seven.
Express Conditions and the Law of Pleading and Procedure
902
Eight.
Implied Conditions Fixing the Order of Performance
904
A.
Simultaneous Exchange
904
8 Corbin on Contracts
905
3 S. Williston and G. Thompson, A Treatise on the Law of Contracts
906
PDQ Lube Center, Inc. v. Huber
907
B.
Sequential Performances
912
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
912
Stewart v. Newbury
912
Patterson, Constructive Conditions in Contracts
916
Problem 7-6
917
Nine.
Implied Conditions Fixing the Quality of Performance
917
Plante v. Jacobs
917
O.W. Grun Roofing and Construction Co. v. Cope
921
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
924
Note Substantial Performance in Land Sale Contracts
924
Walker & Co. v. Harrison
924
MacNeil, A Primer of Contract Planning
928
Problem 7-7
928
John v. United Advertising Inc.
929
Patterson, Constructive Conditions in Contracts
932
Carrig v. Gilbert-Varker Corp.
933
K & G Const. Co. v. Harris
936
Note the Right Under the Second Restatement not to Perform and to Cancel After Material Breach
942
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
943
Rosett, Contract Performance: Promises, Conditions and the Obligation to Communicate
944
Problem 7-8
946
Hillman, Contract Lore
946
Problem 7-9
947
Ten.
Conditions and Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code
947
Wilson v. Scampoli
948
Hubbard v. UTZ Quality Foods, Inc.
951
Eleven.
Anticipatory Repudiation and Prospective Inability to Perform
958
Hochster v. De La Tour
958
Rosett, Partial, Qualified, and Equivocal Repudiation of Contract
960
Hathaway v. Sabin
962
Note the Uniform Commercial Code, the Restatement, and the Right to Adequate Assurances of Performance
964
Problem 7-10
965
Magnet Resources, Inc. v. Summit MRI, Inc.
965
White, Eight Cases and Section 251
971
Greguhn v. Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co.
972
pt. FOUR
THE CESSATION PROCESS
ch. Eight
Grounds of Rightful Cessation
978
One.
Cessation and the Role of Lawyers
978
Two.
Invalidity and Related Defenses---A Brief Retrospect
980
Three.
Mutual Mistake
981
Sherwood v. Walker
981
G. Palmer, Mistake and Unjust Enrichment
987
Problem 8-1
989
Lenawee County Board of Health v. Messerly
989
Brief of Defendant-Appellants---Pickles to the Court of Appeals of Michigan
996
Problem 8-2
997
Noroski v. Fallet
998
Comments and Questions
1001
G. Palmer, Mistake and Unjust Enrichment
1002
Problem 8-3
1003
Four.
Unilateral Mistake
1004
Triple A Contractors, Inc. v. Rural Water District No. 4, Neosho County
1004
Donovan v. RRL Corporation
1008
Note More Mistakes
1016
Riegert, The West German Civil Code, Its Origin and Its Contract Provisions
1016
Five.
Impossibility of Performance
1017
Taylor v. Caldwell
1018
8 Corbin on Contracts
1021
Canadian Industrial Alcohol Co. v. Dunbar Molasses Co.
1022
Note Additional Cases Finding Impossibility
1024
Six.
Impracticability of Performance
1025
Marcovich Land Co. v. J.J. Newberry Co.
1025
Mineral Park Land Co. v. Howard
1031
Transatlantic Financing Corp. v. United States
1034
Posner and Rosenfield, Impossibility and Related Doctrines in Contract Law: An Economic Analysis
1040
Problem 8-4
1041
Mishara Construction Co. v. Transit-Mixed Concrete Corp.
1042
Problem 8-5
1045
Seven.
Frustration of Purpose
1046
Krell v. Henry
1046
Lloyd v. Murphy
1051
Problem 8-6
1055
Problem 8-7
1058
Eight.
Failure of Condition, Material Breach, and the Like---A Brief Retrospect
1058
ch. Nine
Cessation, Theories of Obligation, and Remedies
1059
One.
Remedial Implications of Cessation and the Role of Lawyers
1059
Two.
Remedies in Cases of Invalidity---A Brief Retrospect
1060
Three.
Remedies in Cases of Mistake, Impossibility, Impracticability, and Frustration---The Approaches in the Cases
1060
Comment, Apportioning Loss After Discharge of a Burdensome Contract: A Statutory Solution
1061
20th Century Lites, Inc. v. Goodman
1061
Facto v. Pantagis
1063
Albre Marble and Tile Co. v. John Bowen Co.
1067
Four.
Remedies in Cases of Mistake, Impossibility, Impracticability, and Frustration---The Approach of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts
1069
Perillo, Restitution in the Second Restatement of Contracts
1070
Hudec, Restating the "Reliance Interest"
1070
Thieme v. Worst
1071
Problem 9-1
1076
Five.
The Remedy of Judicial Reformation---Availability and Limits
1076
Dawson, Judicial Revision of Frustrated Contracts: The United States
1077
Speidel, The New Spirit of Contract
1080
Weintraub, A Survey of Contract Practice and Policy
1082
Note Remedies and Substance
1085
Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act, 1943
1086
Note Economic Hardship Clauses
1087
Problem 9-2
1088
Six.
Remedies in Cases of Failure of Condition or Material Breach---A Brief Retrospect
1089
pt. FIVE
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THIRD PARTIES
ch. Ten
Third Party Beneficiaries
1092
One.
Third Party Beneficiaries and the Role of Lawyers
1092
Two.
Intended and Incidental Beneficiaries
1093
Lawrence v. Fox
1093
Seaver v. Ransom
1097
H.R. Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co.
1100
Waters, The Property in the Promise: A Study of the Third Party Beneficiary Rule
1105
Problem 10-1
1107
Alaniz v. Schal Associates
1107
Note Further Aspects of Alaniz v. Schal Associates
1110
Note Imaginative Use of Third Party Beneficiary Theory: Some Successes and Failures
1112
Three.
Defenses
1114
Morstain v. Kircher
1114
Rouse v. United States
1116
Problem 10-2
1117
Four.
Retrospect on Third-Party-Beneficiary Theory
1118
Problem 10-3
1118
ch. Eleven
Assignment and Delegation
1119
One.
Assignment, Delegation, and the Role of Lawyers
1119
Two.
The Power to Assign Rights---Nature and Limits
1120
Crane Ice Cream Co. v. Terminal Freezing & Heating Co.
1121
Note The Power to Assign Rights Under General Contract Law and Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code
1127
Problem 11-1
1127
E. Farnsworth, Contracts
1127
Three.
Defenses of the Obligor Against the Assignee
1129
R. Hillman, Principles of Contract Law
1130
Four.
Delegation of Duties
1131
Langel v. Betz
1131
Problem 11-2
1134
British Waggon Co. and the Parkgate Waggon Co. v. Lea & Co.
1135
Macke Co. v. Pizza of Gaithersburg, Inc.
1139
Nehf, Writing Contracts in the Client's Interest
1142
Five.
Novation
1142
Utica Mutual Insurance Company v. Vigo Coal Company, Inc.
1142
APPENDICES
A.
Judicial Reasons
1147
B.
Historical Background of consideration and Related Doctrines
1151
C.
The Restatement Idea---Some Skepticism
1156
Index
1165