The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict / Yoram Dinstein.
2010
KZ6385 .D56 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict / Yoram Dinstein.
Published
Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Call Number
KZ6385 .D56 2010
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780521198134 (hbk.)
0521198135 (hbk.)
9780521121316 (pbk.)
0521121310 (pbk.)
0521198135 (hbk.)
9780521121316 (pbk.)
0521121310 (pbk.)
Description
xxvii, 320 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)495475458
Summary
"This is the seminal textbook on the law of international armed conflict, written by the leading commentator on the subject. Focusing on issues arising in the course of hostilities between States, it explores lawful and unlawful combatants, war crimes, prohibited weapons, the distinction between combatants and civilians, legitimate military objectives, and the protection of the environment and cultural property. The title's exploration of the law as it applies to recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan underlines the topicality of the subject. Recent increased case law and treaties are explored. In addition, Professor Dinstein comments on the ICRC project on Direct Participation in Hostilities and the Harvard HPCR project on Air and Missile Welfare. In this new edition, the most complex fields in the subject are made more accessible to the student, while the academic rigour which was a hallmark of the first edition is retained"--Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Second Edition
xi
Preface
xii
Table of cases
xv
Table of treaties
xvii
List of abbreviations
xxiii
1.
The general framework
1
I.
Preliminary definitions
1
A.
Hostilities
1
B.
Attacks
2
II.
The major premises
2
A.
Limitation of means and methods of warfare
2
B.
Equality of the Belligerent Parties
3
III.
The driving forces
4
A.
Military necessity and humanitarian considerations
4
B.
Military necessity as a legal justification
6
IV.
The cardinal principles
8
A.
Distinction and unnecessary suffering
8
B.
The Martens Clause
8
C.
Neutrality
9
V.
The strata of the law
10
A.
Customary international law
10
B.
Treaty law
11
C.
The principal treaties
14
VI.
The semantics
18
VII.
Humanitarian law and human rights
19
A.
Human rights and State rights
19
B.
Derogations
21
C.
Lex specialis and symbiotic coexistence
23
VIII.
Inter-State armed conflicts
26
A.
Inter-State and intra-State armed conflicts
26
B.
Formalities and recognition
28
C.
The United Nations
29
D.
Rules of Engagement
30
IX.
Dissemination, training and legal advisers
30
2.
Lawful combatancy
33
I.
Lawful and unlawful combatants
33
II.
The consequences of unlawful combatancy
35
III.
Entitlement to prisoners of war status under customary international law
39
A.
The Hague and Geneva provisions and their scope of application
39
B.
The seven Hague and Geneva conditions
43
C.
The impact and extent of the conditions
47
(a).
Guerrilla warfare
47
(b).
Levee en masse
48
(c).
Certain civilians
49
(d).
Armed groups and individuals
49
(e).
Doubt
50
IV.
The legal position under Additional Protocol I
51
V.
A case study: the war in Afghanistan
55
VI.
Mercenaries
57
VII.
Armed merchant vessels
60
3.
Prohibited weapons
62
I.
The principle of distinction
62
II.
The principle prohibiting unnecessary suffering
63
III.
Explicit prohibitions or restrictions of certain weapons
67
A.
Conventional weapons
68
(a).
Poison
68
(b).
Certain projectiles
69
(c).
Non-detectable fragments
70
(d).
Booby-traps
70
(e).
Landmines
72
(f).
Naval mines
75
(g).
Torpedoes
76
(h).
Incendiaries
77
(i).
Blinding laser weapons
79
(j).
Cluster munitions
79
B.
Weapons of mass destruction
80
(a).
Chemical weapons
80
(b).
Biological weapons
82
IV.
The status of nuclear weapons
83
V.
Development of new weapons
86
4.
Lawful targets of attack
89
I.
Military objectives and combatants
89
A.
The basic rule
89
B.
Military objectives
89
C.
Combatants
92
II.
The meaning of a definite military advantage
92
III.
Ẁar-sustaining' versus ẁar-fighting'
95
IV.
The definition by nature, use, purpose and location
96
A.
The nature of the objective
96
B.
The use of the objective
97
C.
The purpose of the objective
99
D.
The location of the objective
100
E.
Bridges
101
F.
Military objectives exempt from attack
102
V.
Problems relating to the spectrum of lawful targets of attack
102
VI.
Defended and undefended localities in land warfare
108
VII.
Special issues of sea warfare
111
A.
Areas of naval warfare
111
B.
Enemy warships
111
C.
Enemy merchant vessels
112
D.
Neutral merchant vessels
112
E.
Destruction of enemy merchant vessels after capture
113
F.
Bombardment of coastal areas
114
VIII.
Special issues of air warfare
115
A.
Military aircraft
115
B.
Civilian aircraft
116
C.
S̀trategic'bombing
117
D.
Target area' bombing
118
5.
Protection from attack of civilians and civilian objects
121
I.
Protection from attack
121
A.
Civilians and civilian objects
121
B.
Direct attacks against civilians or civilian objects
124
C.
Indiscriminate attacks
126
D.
The principle of proportionality
128
(a).
Proportionality as an indispensable requirement
128
(b).
Èxcessive' collateral damage
130
(c).
Calculating military advantage
133
E.
Lawful collateral damage
135
F.
Active precautions in attack
138
(a).
The concept
138
(b).
The feasibility of precautions
138
(c).
The information available
139
(d).
Targeting
140
(e).
Force protection
141
(f).
Precision-guided munitions
142
(g).
The timing of an attack
143
(h).
Warnings
144
G.
Passive precautions
145
II.
Loss of civilian protection
146
A.
General
146
B.
Direct participation in hostilities
146
(a).
The concept
146
(b).
The time factor
147
(c).
Concrete activities
149
C.
̀Human shields'
152
(a).
The prohibition
152
(b).
The different categories
153
(c).
The consequences
153
6.
Measures of special protection from attack
156
I.
Persons entitled to special protection
156
A.
The different categories of beneficiaries
156
(a).
Women
156
(b).
Children
157
(c).
Hors de combat
159
(d).
Parachutists from aircraft in distress
162
(e).
Parlementaires
163
(f).
Medical personnel
163
(g).
Religious personnel
165
(h).
Civil defence personnel
166
(i).
Relief personnel
166
(j).
Journalists
166
B.
Loss of special protection
168
II.
Cultural property and places of worship
170
A.
Introduction
170
B.
The legal position prior to 1954
171
(a).
Land warfare
171
(b).
Sea warfare
171
(c).
Air warfare (1923)
172
(d).
The Roerich Pact
173
C.
The Cultural Property Convention of 1954
174
(a).
The definition
174
(b).
The general protection
175
(c).
Special protection
176
D.
Additional Protocol I
178
(a).
The protection afforded
178
(b).
The two levels of protection
180
E.
Other texts
182
(a).
The war crimes provisions
182
(b).
The Second Protocol to the Cultural Property Convention
183
III.
Medical units
185
A.
Medical units on land
185
B.
Hospital ships
187
C.
Medical aircraft
189
D.
Loss of protection of medical units
191
IV.
Works and installations containing dangerous forces
193
7.
Protection of the environment
197
I.
Customary international law
197
II.
The treaty law
198
A.
The ENMOD Convention
198
B.
Additional Protocol I
202
C.
Supplementary texts
206
(a).
The Rome Statute
206
(b).
Protocol III to the Convention on Conventional Weapons
207
(c).
The Chemical Weapons Convention
208
III.
The dissimilarities between the ENMOD Convention and Additional Protocol I
209
IV.
A case study: setting fire to oil wells in the Gulf War
212
V.
The need for law reform
216
8.
Specific methods of warfare
218
I.
Starvation of civilians
218
A.
General
218
B.
Siege warfare
220
II.
Blockade
223
III.
Humanitarian assistance
225
IV.
Exclusion zones
227
A.
Maritime exclusion zones
227
B.
Air exclusion and no-fly zones
229
V.
Perfidy
229
A.
Treachery
229
B.
Unlawful perfidious acts
231
VI.
Improper use of emblems, flags and uniforms
234
A.
The Hague Regulations
234
B.
Additional Protocol I
235
C.
The Rome Statute
239
VII.
Ruses of war
239
VIII.
Espionage
241
A.
The definition of espionage
241
B.
The penal prosecution of spies
242
IX.
Seizure and destruction of enemy property
245
A.
Pillage
246
B.
Booty of war
247
C.
Prize
248
D.
Contraband
250
E.
Other instances of destruction and seizure of enemy property
252
X.
Belligerent reprisals
253
A.
The concept
253
B.
Prohibitions of specific belligerent reprisals
257
XI.
The taking of hostages
261
9.
War crimes, orders, command responsibility and defences
263
I.
The definition of war crimes
263
II.
The distinction between war criminals and unlawful combatants
266
III.
Issuance of orders
270
IV.
Command responsibility
271
A.
Dereliction of duty
271
B.
Prevention or punishment
272
C.
The core issue of knowledge
273
D.
The more recent texts
275
E.
Effective control
277
F.
Civilian superiors
278
IV.
Lack of mens rea
279
V.
Admissible defences
280
A.
Mistake of fact
280
B.
Mistake of law
281
C.
Duress
282
(a).
The concept
282
(b).
Duress and murder
283
D.
Insanity
284
E.
Intoxication
285
F.
Lawful defence of oneself and others
286
VI.
Inadmissible defence pleas
287
A.
Obedience to domestic law
287
B.
Obedience to superior orders
288
C.
Official position and immunities
289
(a).
Official capacity
289
(b).
Immunities
290
VII.
Mitigation of punishment
292
General conclusions
295
Index of persons
299
Index of subjects
305