International litigation : a guide to jurisdiction, practice, and strategy / by David Epstein, Charles S. Baldwin, IV.
2010
KF8858 .E673 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
International litigation : a guide to jurisdiction, practice, and strategy / by David Epstein, Charles S. Baldwin, IV.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
Call Number
KF8858 .E673 2010
Edition
Fourth revised edition.
ISBN
9789004178854 (hardback : alk. paper)
9004178856 (hardback : alk. paper)
9004178856 (hardback : alk. paper)
Description
xix, 553 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)651901493
Note
"ISSN 2210-6030" -- Title page verso.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
xvii
About the Authors
xix
ch. 1
Overview Of Transnational Litigation
[§] 1.01
Introduction
1
[§] 1.02
Attractiveness of the U.S. Forum
5
[§] 1.03
Forum Non Conveniens
8
[§] 1.04
Pro-Forum Bias of U.S. Courts
10
[§] 1.05
Pre-Litigation Considerations
14
ch. 2
Researching The International Case And Other Responsibilities Of The International Lawyer
[§] 2.01
Introduction
19
[§] 2.02
Researching the International Case
20
[§] 2.03
Sources of International Law
21
[§] 2.04
Researching the Treaty
23
[§] 2.05
Judicial Interpretation of Treaties
24
[§] 2.06
Lawyers' Responsibility for Foreign Law
26
[§] 2.07
Professional and Ethical Considerations
27
[§] 2.08
Role of the Foreign Lawyer in the United States
29
[§] 2.09
Foreign Lawyers' Practice as Foreign Legal Consultants
30
[§] 2.10
Hiring a Lawyer Abroad
32
[§] 2.11
Pitfalls of Retaining a Foreign Attorney
34
[§] 2.12
Dealing With Foreign Counsel: Do's and Don'ts
36
[§] 2.13
Working With Foreign Counsel
37
ch. 3
Advice To The Prospective Litigant
[§] 3.01
Arbitration Versus Litigation
39
[§] 3.02
Differences Between Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems
42
[§] 3.03
Choosing the Right Forum
43
[§] 3.04
Forum Selection Clauses
47
[§] 3.05
Presence of Property
49
[§] 3.06
Jurisdiction
50
[§] 3.07
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
53
[§] 3.08
Service of Process
54
[§] 3.09
Evidence
57
[§] 3.10
Foreign Attitudes Toward U.S. Pretrial Discovery Procedures
60
[§] 3.11
Enforcement of Judgments
63
[§] 3.12
Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
65
ch. 4
Service Of Process
[§] 4.01
Introduction: Looking for Assistance
67
[§] 4.02
U.S. State Department Assistance
68
[§] 4.03
Determining the Method of Service: General Provisions
69
[§] 4.04
Service Under the Hague Service Convention
74
1.
Applicability, Form, and Execution
74
2.
Proof of Service
76
3.
Service by Mail and Refusal to Serve
77
4.
Default Judgments
79
5.
"Exclusivity of the Convention"
80
[§] 4.05
Service Under the Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory
85
[§] 4.06
Service of Foreign Process in the United States
89
[§] 4.07
The Role of Service of Process in the Enforcement of Judgments
90
ch. 5
Selected Limitations On The Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts
[§] 5.01
Introduction and Overview
93
[§] 5.02
Analysis of International Jurisdictional Issues
95
[§] 5.03
State Court Jurisdiction
96
1.
Generally
96
2.
Note on Removal
97
[§] 5.04
Federal Court Jurisdiction
98
1.
Note on Applicable Law
101
2.
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality
102
[§] 5.05
Selected Issues Regarding Jurisdiction to Prescribe: Securities Law
104
[§] 5.06
Suits by Foreign Sovereigns or Nationals
104
1.
Alien Tort Statute
105
2.
Selected Limitations on Suits by Foreign Parties
110
[§] 5.07
Selected Limitations: Forum Non Conveniens
113
[§] 5.08
Selected Limitations: International Comity and Reasonableness
121
1.
The Doctrine of Comity
121
2.
The Jurisdictional Rule of Reason
127
3.
Parallel Proceedings and Anti-Suit Injunctions
130
[§] 5.09
Selected Limitations: Political Question Doctrine and State Secrets Doctrine
134
[§] 5.10
Selected Limitations: Forum Selection and Arbitration Clauses
137
1.
Forum Selection Clauses
138
2.
Arbitration Clauses
143
[§] 5.11
Practical Strategies and Checklist
146
ch. 6
Selected Issues of Personal Jurisdiction Or Jurisdiction To Adjudicate And Limitations
[§] 6.01
Introduction to Personal Jurisdiction Issues in a Transnational Context
149
[§] 6.02
State Court Jurisdiction and Removal
152
1.
State Court Jurisdiction
152
2.
Removal of Actions to Federal Court
155
[§] 6.03
Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Court: Use of State Statutes and Some Unique Federal Rules
156
[§] 6.04
"Minimum Contacts," Due Process, and Alien Defendants
158
1.
Minimum Contacts and Due Process
159
2.
General and Specific Jurisdiction
166
3.
A Note on Transient Jurisdiction
167
4.
"Virtual Jurisdiction": Personal Jurisdiction Based on Electronic Contacts
169
[§] 6.05
Waiver of Personal Jurisdiction Requirement
173
[§] 6.06
Personal Jurisdiction Over Related Corporations
174
[§] 6.07
Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Question Cases Based on Aggregated or National Contacts
178
1.
The National or Aggregate Contacts Doctrine
178
2.
National Contacts Precedent
181
[§] 6.08
Alien Venue Considerations
182
[§] 6.09
Practical Strategies and Checklist
183
1.
General Review and Checklist
183
2.
Practical Strategies
184
ch. 7
The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
[§] 7.01
Introduction
188
[§] 7.02
Analyzing Foreign Sovereign Immunity Issues
191
1.
Analyzing FSIA Issues: Steps in the Process
191
2.
Analyzing Procedural Issues
193
3.
Attachment and Enforcement of Judgments Issues
193
[§] 7.03
Special Threshold Issues Under the FSIA
194
1.
States and Instrumentalities Under the FSIA
194
a.
Definition of "State," "Officical Capacity," Immunities, Timing of Determinations, and Selected Other Issues Affecting the FSIA Analysis
194
b.
Attributing Liability Among Instrumentalities and States
199
c.
Foreign Government-Owned Business Entities
202
2.
FSIA Removal and Venue Provisions
205
3.
Absence of Jury Trials and Limitation of Damages Under the FSIA
210
[§] 7.04
Immunity and Jurisdiction Under the FSIA
211
1.
Special Nature of Jurisdiction Under the FSIA
211
2.
Exclusivity of Jurisdiction Under the FSIA
213
3.
Retroactivity of the FSIA
214
[§] 7.05
Exception One: Waiver of Immunity
215
1.
The FSIA Waiver Provision
215
2.
Explicit Waiver of Immunity Under the FSIA
216
3.
Implicit Waiver of Immunity Under the FSIA
219
[§] 7.06
Exception Two: Commercial Activity
223
1.
Introduction and Background
223
2.
Statutory Overview
224
3.
Definition of Commercial Activity
225
4.
Clause 1: Commercial Activity in the United States
233
5.
Clause 2: Commercial Activity Outside the United States
236
6.
Clause 3: Direct Effect in the United States
237
[§] 7.07
Exception Three: Expropriation
241
[§] 7.08
Exception Four: Gifts and Immovable Property
244
[§] 7.09
Exception Five: Tortious Conduct
245
[§] 7.10
Exception Six: Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
248
[§] 7.11
Exception Seven: Monetary Damages Action Concerning Terrorist Activity
249
[§] 7.12
Exception Eight: Enforcement of Maritime Liens
252
[§] 7.13
Exception Nine: Jurisdiction Over Counterclaims
253
[§] 7.14
In Personam Jurisdiction Under the FSIA
255
[§] 7.15
Service of Process on Foreign States and Instrumentalities Under the FSIA
258
1.
The FSIA Service Provisions
258
2.
Service on Foreign States Under the FSIA
259
3.
Service on an Instrumentality Under the FSIA
261
[§] 7.16
Default Judgments, Sanctions, and Discovery Under the FSIA
264
[§] 7.17
Attachment and Execution
269
[§] 7.18
Analyzing FSIA Issues: Practical Strategies and Checklist
273
1.
Practical Strategies
273
2.
FSIA Checklist
273
ch. 8
The Act of State Doctrine
[§] 8.01
Introduction and Overview
278
1.
Introduction
278
2.
Historical Overview
278
3.
Act of State Doctrine Defined
278
[§] 8.02
Origins and Purposes of the Act of State Doctrine
281
1.
Origins of the Act of State Doctrine
281
2.
Purposes of the Act of State Doctrine
281
3.
The Supreme Court's Kirkpatrick Decision
283
[§] 8.03
The Nature and Operation of the Basic Doctrine
284
[§] 8.04
The Public Governmental Act Requirement
288
[§] 8.05
As Distinct From Sovereign Immunity
292
[§] 8.06
The Territorial Limitation and the Situs Problem
294
1.
The Territorial Limitation
294
2.
The Situs Problem
295
[§] 8.07
The Treaty Exception to the Act of State Doctrine
296
[§] 8.08
The Bernstein Exception
298
1.
The Origins and Operation of the Bernstein Exception
298
2.
The Reverse Bernstein Exception
299
3.
Summary of the Bernstein Exception
301
[§] 8.09
The Counterclaim/Setoff Exception
301
[§] 8.10
The Commercial Act Exception
303
[§] 8.11
The Hickenlooper (Sabbatino) Amendment
305
[§] 8.12
The Arbitration Exception
307
[§] 8.13
The Corruption Exception
308
1.
Introduction
308
2.
Background
308
3.
Early Cases
309
4.
Kirkpatrick
310
[§] 8.14
Analyzing Act of State Issues: Practical Strategies and Checklist
311
1.
Checklist of Issues
311
2.
Practical Strategies
312
ch. 9
Proving Foreign Law And Determining What Law Applies
[§] 9.01
Introduction
315
[§] 9.02
Reasonable Notice
316
[§] 9.03
Material the Court May Consider
317
[§] 9.04
Foreign Law as Question of Law
321
[§] 9.05
Choice of Law Considerations
322
[§] 9.06
Choice of Law Rules
325
[§] 9.07
Authentication of Foreign Documents
327
ch. 10
Obtaining The Evidence
[§] 10.01
Introduction
332
[§] 10.02
Judicial Sovereignty
332
[§] 10.03
Foreign Attitude Toward Pretrial Discovery
333
[§] 10.04
Gathering Evidence in Civil Law Countries
334
[§] 10.05
Looking for Assistance; Office of American Citizens Services
335
[§] 10.06
Voluntary Versus Compulsory Discovery
336
[§] 10.07
Role of the United States Consul
337
[§] 10.08
Depositions by Commission
339
[§] 10.09
Obtaining Evidence by Letters of Request
341
[§] 10.10
Hague Evidence Convention
343
1.
Letter of Request
344
2.
Diplomatic or Consular Officer
344
3.
Commissioners
344
4.
Use of Hague Evidence Convention
344
[§] 10.11
"Exclusivity" of the Convention
346
[§] 10.12
Post-Aerospatiale Cases
349
[§] 10.13
Providing International Judicial Assistance to Foreign Courts
352
[§] 10.14
Defenses to Requests for Judicial Assistance to Foreign Courts
354
[§] 10.15
Compulsory Discovery and Subpoenas
358
[§] 10.16
Bad Faith, Contempt, and Sanctions for Discovery
360
[§] 10.17
Jurisdiction as Prerequisite to Ordering Production of Evidence
362
[§] 10.18
Tax Information Exchange Agreements and Other Treaties
362
[§] 10.19
Compelled Consent and Other Disclosure Issues
363
[§] 10.20
Subpoena of United States Nationals or Residents Abroad
365
[§] 10.21
Lack of Control Over Documents as a Defense to Discovery
366
[§] 10.22
Secrecy and Blocking Statutes as Enforcement Defenses
367
1.
Secrecy Laws
367
2.
Blocking Statutes
368
[§] 10.23
Depositions by Telephone or Remote Electronic Means
370
[§] 10.24
Taking Depositions by Audio-Visual Means
372
ch. 11
Enforcement Of Judgments
[§] 11.01
Introduction
375
[§] 11.02
Comity Considerations in Enforcing Foreign Judgment Awards
377
[§] 11.03
Due Process and Jurisdictional Considerations
378
[§] 11.04
Proper Service as Prerequisite to Enforcement of United States Decrees
382
[§] 11.05
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Obtained by Fraud
384
[§] 11.06
Reciprocity in Extending Comity
384
[§] 11.07
The Public Policy Exception
386
[§] 11.08
Application of Choice of Law Principles
388
[§] 11.09
Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act
390
ch. 12
Use Of The Courts In Support Of International Arbitration
[§] 12.01
Introduction and Overview
396
[§] 12.02
Selected International Arbitration Planning Issues
397
1.
Introduction
397
2.
Arbitration Versus Litigation
397
3.
NAFTA ADR Provisions
401
4.
Selected Arbitration Clause Recommendations
402
5.
Protecting Confidential and Proprietary Information in Internatinal Arbitration
407
[§] 12.03
Enforcing an Agreement to Arbitrate
410
1.
Enforcing an Agreement to Arbitrate Under Federal Law
410
2.
Enforcing an Agreement to Arbitrate Under State Arbitration Acts
415
[§] 12.04
U.S. Court Enforcement of Provisional Measures
416
1.
The Effect of the New York Convention and Other International Agreements on Obtaining Provisional Measures
417
2.
The Effect of National Law on Obtaining Provisional Measures
418
a.
Federal Law
418
b.
State Law
420
3.
Applying the Arbitral Tribunal Rules and the Parties' Arbitration Agreement in Obtaining Provisional Measures
422
[§] 12.05
Obtaining Evidence for Use in International Arbitral Proceedings
423
1.
Obtaining Evidence Through U.S. Courts
423
2.
Comments on Discovery in Arbitration
431
[§] 12.06
Enforcing Arbitration Awards; New York Convention
436
1.
Enforcing Arbitration Awards Under Federal Law
436
2.
Selected Procedural Issues Concerning Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
445
3.
Enforcing Arbitration Awards Under State Law
449
[§] 12.07
Analyzing Arbitration Issues: Practical Strategies
450
Table of Cases
453
Table of Statutes
509
Bibliography
519
Index
537