Elder law in a nutshell / by Lawrence A. Frolik, Richard L. Kaplan.
2010
KF390.A4 F752 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Elder law in a nutshell / by Lawrence A. Frolik, Richard L. Kaplan.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KF390.A4 F752 2010
Edition
Fifth edition.
Spine Title
Elder law
ISBN
9780314926012
0314926011
0314926011
Description
xx, 435 pages ; 19 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)643099294
Note
Includes index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
v
Table of Cases
xix
ch. 1
Introduction: The Scope and Diversity of Elder Law
1.1.
The Development of Elder Law as a Specialty
1
1.2.
Scope of Elder Law
3
ch. 2
Ethical Considerations in Dealing With Older Clients
2.1.
Ethics in Context
8
2.2.
Who Is the Client
9
2.3.
Client Competency
12
ch. 3
Health Care Decision Making
3.1.
The Doctrine of Informed Consent
18
a.
Development of Case Law
19
b.
The Right of a Competent Patient to Die
21
3.2.
The Mentally Incapacitated Patient
23
3.3.
Surrogate Decision Making for the Incapacitated Patient
25
a.
Use of Guardians
25
b.
Advance Health Care Directives
27
3.4.
Living Wills
29
a.
Contents
30
b.
Terminal Illness
31
c.
Persistent Vegetative State
33
d.
Brain Death
34
e.
Termination of Artificial Nutrition and Hydration
36
f.
Formalities of Execution
38
g.
Duration of a Directive
38
h.
Validity in Other Jurisdictions
39
i.
Living Wills are Valid and Operative Only if Communicated to the Attending Physician
39
3.5.
Advance Health Care Directive
41
3.6.
Statutory Substitute Health Care Decision Making
44
3.7.
Termination of Life Sustaining Treatment Without a Formal Advance Directive
44
a.
In re Quinlan (355 A.2d 647 (N.J.1976))
46
b.
Barber v. Superior Court of State of California, 195 Cal.Rptr. 484 (Cal.App. 2 Dist.1983)
47
c.
Termination Based Upon Prior Statements of the Incompetent Patient: Substitute Judgment
48
d.
Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment When the Patient Has Not Made Prior Statements of Intent: Best Interests Test
51
3.8.
Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
52
ch. 4
Medicare and Medigap
4.1.
Eligibility
57
a.
Part A Eligibility
57
b.
Part B Eligibility
61
4.2.
Enrollment Procedures and Coverage Periods
63
4.3.
Coverage Under Part A
65
a.
Hospitalization
67
b.
Skilled Nursing Facilities
69
c.
Home Health Care
72
d.
Hospice Care
74
4.4.
Coverage Under Part B
76
a.
Scope of Benefits
77
b.
Financial Responsibility of Patients
79
4.5.
General Medicare Exclusions
83
4.6.
Prescription Drugs
86
a.
Delayed Enrollment Penalty
88
b.
Plan Components
89
c.
Assistance for Lower-Income Enrollees
91
4.7.
Appeal of Claim Denials
93
a.
Waiver of Patient Liability
93
b.
Appeals Procedures
95
4.8.
Private Medigap Insurance
97
a.
Standardization of Policies
98
b.
Consumer Protection Provisions
99
c.
Policy Benefits
100
4.9.
Managed Care and Other Alternatives
104
a.
Managed Care
104
b.
Other Options
107
c.
Medigap Insurance and Managed Care Options
108
ch. 5
Medicaid
5.1.
History
110
5.2.
Available Benefits
111
5.3.
Eligibility Requirements
113
a.
Financial Eligibility Requirements: Income
115
b.
Financial Eligibility Requirements: Resources
117
c.
Qualified Medicare Beneficiary Program
119
5.4.
Optional Coverage
119
a.
The Optional Categorically Needy
120
b.
Medically Needy
122
c.
Home and Community-Based Services
124
5.5.
Support for the Community Spouse
125
5.6.
Transfer of Resources
131
5.7.
Treatment of the Home
133
5.8.
Transfers, Trusts and Medicaid Eligibility
134
5.9.
Recovery from the Estate
137
5.10.
Applications and Appeals
137
ch. 6
Long-Term Care Insurance
6.1.
Nature of the Product
139
6.2.
Coverage
140
6.3.
Financial Limits on Covered Costs
142
a.
Daily Dollar Maximum
142
b.
Duration of Coverage
144
c.
Waiting Period
145
6.4.
Medical Limits on Coverage
145
a.
Pre-Existing Conditions
145
b.
Case Management
147
c.
Prior Hospitalization Requirement
147
d.
Eligible Facilities
148
6.5.
Other Key Policy Provisions and Options
148
a.
Guaranteed Renewability
148
b.
Waiver of Premium
149
c.
Premium Refund Provisions
149
d.
Nonforfeiture of Benefits
150
e.
State Law Protections
150
6.6.
Tax-Qualified Policies
151
a.
Policy Requirements
151
b.
Tax Treatment
152
6.7.
State Partnership Policies
155
6.8.
Accelerated Benefits on Life Insurance
156
6.9.
New Federal Long-Term Care Program
158
ch. 7
Nursing Homes, Board and Care Homes and Assisted Living Facilities
7.1.
Introduction
161
7.2.
Paying for Nursing Homes
166
7.3.
Nursing Home Regulation
167
7.4.
Preadmission Screening of Residents
168
7.5.
Enforceability of Admissions Agreements
169
7.6.
NHRA---Quality of Life
171
7.7.
NHRA---General Rights
172
a.
Freedom of Choice
172
b.
Freedom from Abuse and Restraints
173
c.
Privacy
173
d.
Confidentiality
174
e.
Accommodation of Individual Needs
174
f.
Grievances
175
g.
Participation in Groups and Other Activities
175
h.
Examination of Survey Results
175
i.
Access and Visitation Rights
175
j.
Services Included in Medicare or Medicaid Payment
176
7.8.
NHRA---Notification of Rights
177
7.9.
NHRA---Transfer and Discharge Rights
177
7.10.
NHRA---Equal Access to Quality Care
178
7.11.
NHRA---Quality of Life
179
7.12.
NHRA---Admissions Policy
179
7.13.
NHRA---Protection of Residents' Funds
180
7.14.
State Long-Term Care Ombudsman
181
7.15.
Common Law Rights
182
a.
Tort
182
b.
Contract
184
7.16.
Board and Care Homes
185
7.17.
Assisted Living Facilities
188
ch. 8
Housing Alternatives and Options
8.1.
Changing Housing Patterns of Older Persons
192
8.2.
Computing Gain or Loss on a Home
196
8.3.
Tax Treatment of Gains on Residences
201
a.
Eligibility Requirements
202
b.
The Effect of Ownership Arrangements
204
8.4.
Gratuitous Transfers of a Residence
207
a.
Inter Vivos Gifts
207
b.
Testamentary Transfers
210
8.5.
Reverse Mortgages
212
a.
Duration of Loan
215
b.
Borrower Eligibility
217
c.
Interest Rates and Loan Size
218
d.
Disclosure Requirements
218
e.
Income Tax Considerations
219
f.
Public Assistance Implications
221
8.6.
Other Home Equity Conversion Mechanisms
222
a.
Sale-Leasebacks
223
b.
Sale of a Remainder Interest in the Home
227
8.7.
Congregate Housing for Older Residents
228
ch. 9
Guardianship
9.1.
What is Guardianship?
236
9.2.
Who Requires a Guardian?
237
9.3.
Types of Guardianships
240
9.4.
Procedural Issues
243
a.
The Petition
243
b.
The Hearing
245
c.
Choice of Guardian
248
d.
Cost of Guardianship
251
9.5.
Supervision of the Guardian
252
9.6.
Powers of the Guardian
255
9.7.
Termination of the Guardianship
258
ch. 10
Alternatives to Guardianship
10.1.
The Nature of Pre-Need Planning
260
10.2.
Joint Ownership
262
10.3.
Durable Powers of Attorney
266
10.4.
Revocable Trusts
273
10.5.
Revocable Trusts as Testamentary Devices
278
ch. 11
Social Security Benefits
11.1.
Eligibility
284
a.
Quarters of Coverage
285
b.
Covered Employment
287
11.2.
Worker's Retirement Benefits
290
a.
Early Retirement Options
291
b.
Deferred Retirement Options
293
11.3.
The Primary Insurance Amount (PIA)
295
a.
Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME)
297
b.
Government Pension Offset
299
11.4.
Derivative Benefits
302
a.
Spousal Benefits
303
b.
Children's Benefits
308
c.
Divorced Spouse's Benefits
310
d.
Parent's Benefits
312
11.5.
Effect of Earnings After Retirement
313
a.
Scope of "Earnings"
314
b.
Applicable Thresholds
315
c.
Impact on Benefits
316
d.
Effect on Derivative Benefits
318
11.6.
Taxation of Benefits
319
a.
Provisional Income
319
b.
First Tier
320
c.
Second Tier
321
11.7.
Disability Benefits
323
11.8.
Appeals Procedures
325
ch. 12
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
12.1.
General Eligibility
328
a.
Income Eligibility Requirements
329
b.
Resource Eligibility Requirements
333
c.
Resource Transfer Rules
337
12.2.
Benefits
339
ch. 13
Veterans' Benefits
13.1.
History
342
13.2.
Eligibility Requirements
343
a.
Veterans
343
b.
Nonveterans
344
13.3.
Benefits
345
a.
Compensation
345
b.
Pensions
349
c.
Other Benefits
352
13.4.
VA Procedures
353
a.
Filing a Claim
353
b.
Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA)
356
ch. 14
Pension Plans
14.1.
Scope of Pension Plan Coverage
359
14.2.
Defined Benefit Plans
361
14.3.
Defined Contribution Plans
364
14.4.
Distribution Options
366
14.5.
Income Taxation of Periodic Pension Payments
369
14.6.
Special Penalty Taxes on Periodic Payments
374
a.
Premature Distributions
375
b.
Delayed Distributions
378
14.7.
Lump Sum Distributions
382
a.
Enforcement By Withholding Taxes
383
b.
Employer Stock
385
14.8.
Rollovers
387
ch. 15
Age Discrimination in Employment
15.1.
History of the ADEA
390
15.2.
Who is Protected?
391
15.3.
Who is Not Protected?
393
15.4.
Employees: Proving Illegal Discrimination
394
15.5.
Employer Defenses
398
15.6.
Enforcement of the ADEA
400
15.7.
Remedies
401
15.8.
Taxation of Monetary Remedies
401
15.9.
Other Issues
402
ch. 16
Elder Abuse and Neglect
16.1.
Introduction
404
16.2.
Incidence of Elderly Abuse and Neglect
404
16.3.
Definitions
405
16.4.
Noninstitutional Abusers
407
16.5.
Institutional Abuse and Neglect
411
16.6.
Causes of Abuse and Neglect
412
16.7.
Legislative Responses
414
16.8.
Adult Protective Services
418
Index
423