The application of EU law in the new member states : brave new world / edited by Adam Łazowski.
2010
KJE5057 .A67 2010 (Map It)
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Details
Title
The application of EU law in the new member states : brave new world / edited by Adam Łazowski.
Published
The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KJE5057 .A67 2010
Cover Title
Application of European Union law in the new member states
ISBN
9789067042741 (geb.)
9067042749 (geb.)
9067042749 (geb.)
Description
xxv, 586 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)671984110
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Brave new world
EU law in the new member states
EU law in the new member states
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Jaffe Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Jaffe Fund
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
List of Abbreviations
xxiii
Introduction
1
Part One West Meets East / Adam Lazowski
ch. 1
It Works! The European Union in the Wake of Fifth and Sixth Enlargements / Adam Lazowski
7
1.
Introduction / Adam Lazowski
7
2.
Fifth and sixth enlargements in a nutshell / Adam Lazowski
8
2.1.
From six to fifteen [–] previous enlargement rounds / Adam Lazowski
8
2.2.
From fifteen to twenty-seven / Adam Lazowski
8
2.2.1.
Countries of Central and Eastern Europe / Adam Lazowski
9
2.2.2.
Cyprus / Adam Lazowski
14
2.2.3.
Malta / Adam Lazowski
14
2.3.
The Accession Treaties 2003 and 2005 / Adam Lazowski
15
2.3.1.
The legal character and structure of Accession Treaties / Adam Lazowski
15
2.3.2.
Transitional periods / Adam Lazowski
16
2.3.3.
Safeguard clauses / Adam Lazowski
17
3.
The impact of the fifth and sixth enlargements on the institutional structure of the European Union / Adam Lazowski
19
3.1.
The fourth accession criterion / Adam Lazowski
19
3.2.
The European Council / Adam Lazowski
21
3.3.
The Council of the European Union / Adam Lazowski
22
3.4.
The European Parliament / Adam Lazowski
23
3.5.
The European Commission / Adam Lazowski
24
3.6.
The European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance / Adam Lazowski
25
4.
The impact of the fifth and sixth enlargements on the legal order of the European Union - preliminary remarks / Adam Lazowski
26
5.
Conclusions / Adam Lazowski
28
ch. 2
La Nouvelle Vague: the Introduction of a More Significant Ost-politik in the EU's Security Policies / Adam Lazowski
31
1.
Introduction / Steven Blockmans
31
2.
Coherence and consistency in EU security policies / Steven Blockmans
32
3.
External security / Steven Blockmans
34
3.1.
Common Foreign and Security Policy / Steven Blockmans
34
3.1.1.
New sensitivities, new horizons / Steven Blockmans
34
3.1.2.
Aligning to the acquis / Steven Blockmans
36
3.2.
European Security and Defence Policy / Steven Blockmans
36
3.2.1.
Dual enlargement / Steven Blockmans
36
3.2.2.
Aligning to the acquis / Steven Blockmans
37
3.2.3.
Impact of enlargement on the ESDP / Steven Blockmans
38
3.3.
Common neighbourhood policies / Steven Blockmans
39
3.3.1.
Impact of the fifth enlargement on the ENP / Steven Blockmans
40
3.3.2.
Impact of enlargements on EU-Russia relations / Steven Blockmans
43
3.3.3.
Impact of enlargements on the (not so) "frozen" conflicts / Steven Blockmans
47
3.3.4.
The future of the EU's eastern neighbourhood policies: quo vadis? / Steven Blockmans
50
4.
Internal security / Steven Blockmans
52
4.1.
Towards an area of freedom, security and justice / Steven Blockmans
52
4.2.
Border security / Steven Blockmans
54
4.2.1.
Enlarging the borderless zone in Europe / Steven Blockmans
54
4.2.2.
Aligning to the acquis / Steven Blockmans
55
4.2.3.
Impact of Schengen enlargement for EU citizens / Steven Blockmans
56
4.2.4.
Impact of Schengen enlargement on the EU's neighbours / Steven Blockmans
57
4.3.
Counter-terrorism / Steven Blockmans
58
5.
Impact of enlargement on leadership and decision-making / Steven Blockmans
59
6.
Concluding remarks / Steven Blockmans
62
Part Two East Meets West / Steven Blockmans
ch. 3
Constitutional Changes and Challenges in the New Member States / Steven Blockmans
67
1.
Introduction: amendment of constitutions as a prerequisite for smooth application of EU law by courts / Anneli Albi
67
2.
Delegation of sovereignty / Anneli Albi
71
3.
Supremacy and direct effect of EC law / Anneli Albi
77
3.1.
The position of EC law in relation to ordinary national law / Anneli Albi
77
3.2.
Supremacy of EC law and national constitutions / Anneli Albi
82
4.
Separation of powers / Anneli Albi
83
5.
Free movement of EU citizens / Anneli Albi
85
5.1.
Voting rights of EU citizens / Anneli Albi
85
5.2.
The sale of real estate / Anneli Albi
87
5.3.
Public service and social rights / Anneli Albi
89
5.4.
Extradition of own citizens / Anneli Albi
89
6.
Economic and Monetary Union / Anneli Albi
92
7.
Other selected issues / Anneli Albi
93
8.
Concluding remarks: why do EU amendments matter? / Anneli Albi
95
ch. 4
Intertemporal Legal Issues in the European Union Case Law Relating to the 2004 and 2007 Accessions / Anneli Albi
99
1.
Introduction / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
99
2.
Legal issues concerning the period preceding accession / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
99
2.1.
"Interim period" / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
99
2.2.
Adoption of EU acts in the "interim period" / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
101
2.3.
Information and consultation procedure / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
104
2.4.
Modification of the Act of Accession / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
106
2.5.
Conditions for annulment of Community acts adopted before accession / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
109
3.
Temporal scope of EU law with regard to the new Member States / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
112
3.1.
The principle of "immediate effect" of EU law / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
112
3.2.
Temporal scope of the preliminary rulings' jurisdiction / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
114
3.3.
Publication of EU law in the new official languages / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
119
4.
Concluding remarks / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
125
ch. 5
New European Judges and the Limits of the Possible / Saulius Lukas Kaleda
127
1.
Introduction / Michal Bobek
127
2.
The European judicial Hercules in action / Michal Bobek
128
2.1.
The linguist / Michal Bobek
128
2.2.
Knowledge of the law / Michal Bobek
131
2.3.
The comparative lawyer / Michal Bobek
132
2.4.
The guardian of the European telos / Michal Bobek
133
3.
National courts: mission impossible? / Michal Bobek
134
3.1.
Resolved to create an even less and less comprehensible union? / Michal Bobek
135
3.2.
The limits of knowledge / Michal Bobek
139
3.3.
Why compare? / Michal Bobek
142
3.4.
Whose telos? / Michal Bobek
144
4.
The genuine functioning of the European legal order, "do not do as I say?" / Michal Bobek
147
4.1.
Ambiguity / Michal Bobek
147
4.2.
Value unacceptability / Michal Bobek
149
5.
The relationship between the European Court of Justice and the national courts - the strategy of the second best choice? / Michal Bobek
151
Part Three From Estonia to Bulgaria...the Application of EU Law / Michal Bobek
ch. 6
'Community, Identity, Stability': Ideals and Practice in Building a Bridge between the Legal Systems of the European Union and One of the Smallest of the 'Brave New World' / Michal Bobek
157
1.
Introduction - "Community, Identity, Stability" and legal system(s) / Julia Lafranque
157
2.
The application of European Community/Union law in the Estonian legal system / Julia Lafranque
160
2.1.
Supremacy of European Union law over Estonian law: from cautious modesty to provocative EU friendliness / Julia Lafranque
161
2.1.1.
Respect and silence in the pre-accession phase. Continuous restraint in the judgment of 19 April 2005 of the Supreme Court en banc in the Elections Coalitions II case / Julia Lafranque
161
2.1.2.
In the opinion of 11 May 2006, the Constitutional Review Chamber of the Supreme Court favours EU law over the Estonian Constitution. Conflicts about the euro instead of the European Arrest Warrant / Julia Lafranque
165
2.2.
Running smoothly: considerable referrals to European Community law in Estonian courts / Julia Lafranque
169
2.2.1.
Community law conform interpretation of Estonian law and its limits / Julia Lafranque
171
2.2.2.
The Supreme Court as European (administrative) law professor. Reactions to the ECJ Pupino judgment: interpreting the interpretation / Julia Lafranque
174
2.3.
Problems in application of European Community law in Estonia: the morning after [the accession] [–] bittersweet sugar affairs and disappointed farmers / Julia Lafranque
176
2.3.1.
Judgment of 5 October 2006 of the Administrative Law Chamber of the Supreme Court in the Hadler case: setting aside national norms which were found to be in non-conformity with EC law / Julia Lafranque
177
2.3.2.
Problems with distribution of structural aid of the EU in agricultural matters and the review by Estonian courts / Julia Lafranque
179
3.
Estonian law finding its place in the European Community/Union legal system / Julia Lafranque
182
3.1.
Getting to know each other in a not-so-friendly way: Commission against Estonia. Defending the honor and joining the others: Estonian jam in Luxembourg / Julia Lafranque
183
3.1.1.
Happy unhappiness: resolving most of the problems at early stage / Julia Lafranque
183
3.1.2.
Matters of principles: Estonia versus European Commission. Other ways to influence: Estonia as intervener / Julia Lafranque
186
3.2.
Loosing the battle: failure of an Estonian company to be admitted to the "playground". To ask or not to ask a question to the ECJ - that is a question / Julia Lafranque
189
3.2.1.
Fishing in wrong waters: order of the Court of First Instance of the EC of 9 January 2007 in the case of Lootus Teine OÜ / Julia Lafranque
189
3.2.2.
Application of the acte éclairé and acte claire doctrine. Reasons behind the non-asking and finally getting there / Julia Lafranque
191
3.3.
Call for improvements of judicial review / Julia Lafranque
198
3.3.1.
Challenges of serving two Gods in the constitutional review / Julia Lafranque
199
3.3.2.
Judicial remedies and discordant perplexity of legal certainty, loyal co-operation and responsibility / Julia Lafranque
202
4.
Conclusions / Julia Lafranque
204
ch. 7
Lithuania's Membership in the European Union and Application of EU Law at National Level / Julia Lafranque
209
1.
Introduction / Irmantas Jarukaitis
209
2.
Constitutional basis of Lithuania's membership in the EU and involvement of national political institutions in EU matters / Irmantas Jarukaitis
210
2.1.
The Constitutional Act on Lithuania's Membership in the European Union / Irmantas Jarukaitis
210
2.2.
Involvement of national political institutions in EU decision-making / Irmantas Jarukaitis
219
3.
The application and interpretation of EU law in Lithuanian courts / Irmantas Jarukaitis
222
3.1.
Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania: from EU law as a doctrinal tool for interpretation of the Constitution to a recognition of the impact of EU law on the Constitution and co-operation with the ECJ / Irmantas Jarukaitis
222
3.1.1.
Introduction / Irmantas Jarukaitis
222
3.1.2.
Pre-accession jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court / Irmantas Jarukaitis
224
3.1.3.
Post-accession jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court / Irmantas Jarukaitis
225
3.2.
The interpretation and application of EU law by Lithuanian courts of general competence and administrative courts: a reserved approach / Irmantas Jarukaitis
234
4.
Conclusions / Irmantas Jarukaitis
240
ch. 8
The Application of EU Law in Latvia / Irmantas Jarukaitis
243
1.
Introduction / Galina Zukova
243
2.
The implementation of EU Law into the Latvian legal order / Galina Zukova
244
3.
The application of EU law in domestic courts / Galina Zukova
246
3.1.
Contextual observations / Galina Zukova
246
3.1.1.
The Latvian judicial system / Galina Zukova
248
3.1.2.
European and international law in the Latvian legal system / Galina Zukova
248
3.2.
Getting ready for EU membership: pre-accession case law / Galina Zukova
251
3.3.
The application of EU law and ECJ case law to pre-accession facts / Galina Zukova
254
3.3.1.
The application of EU law to pre-accession facts / Galina Zukova
254
3.3.2.
The application of directives to pre-accession facts / Galina Zukova
255
3.3.3.
The application of ECJ case law to pre-accession facts / Galina Zukova
256
3.4.
The interpretation of domestic law in light of directives during transposition periods / Galina Zukova
259
3.5.
EU law as an inherent part of the Latvian legal order / Galina Zukova
260
3.6.
Duty to rely on ECJ case law / Galina Zukova
261
3.7.
The application of general principles of EU law / Galina Zukova
262
3.8.
The hierarchy of norms: international or European Union law? / Galina Zukova
263
4.
Latvia's participation in ECJ proceedings / Galina Zukova
264
4.1.
Article 226 EC proceedings: Latvia's participation in direct actions against other EU Member States / Galina Zukova
265
4.2.
Article 230 EC proceedings: Latvia's participation in actions brought against Community institutions / Galina Zukova
266
4.2.1.
Case T-369/07 Latvia v. Commission of the European Communities / Galina Zukova
266
4.2.2.
Latvia's participation in actions brought by other Member States / Galina Zukova
267
4.3.
Article 234 EC: preliminary ruling procedure / Galina Zukova
269
4.3.1.
The legal framework / Galina Zukova
269
4.3.2.
References from Latvian courts / Galina Zukova
270
4.3.3.
Requests to refer a question for preliminary ruling before Latvian courts / Galina Zukova
272
4.3.4.
Latvia's participation in Article 234 proceedings before the ECJ / Galina Zukova
274
5.
Conclusions / Galina Zukova
275
ch. 9
Poland: Constitutional Drama and Business as Usual / Galina Zukova
277
1.
Introduction / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
277
2.
The constitutional framework / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
278
2.1.
Introduction / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
278
2.2.
Constitutional legal basis for membership in the European Union / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
280
2.3.
The status of international law in the domestic legal order: Article 91 of the Constitution / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
281
3.
EU law in the jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
284
3.1.
Introduction / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
284
3.2.
The constitutional drama: European Arrest Warrant and supremacy of EC law on trial / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
286
3.2.1.
Case P 1/05 on the European Arrest Warrant / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
286
3.2.2.
Case K 18/04 on the Accession Treaty 2003 / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
289
4.
The application of EU law by Polish courts / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
292
4.1.
Introduction / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
292
4.2.
Pre-accession cases and application of EU law / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
293
4.3.
The principles of supremacy, direct and indirect effect of EC law in operation / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
298
4.4.
Polish courts and the Third Pillar of the European Union / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
306
4.4.1.
Introduction / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
306
4.4.2.
European Arrest Warrant in case law of Polish courts / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
307
5.
It is important that we keep talking: Polish courts and the preliminary ruling procedure / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
310
5.1.
Introduction / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
310
5.2.
The Constitutional Tribunal and the preliminary ruling procedure / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
311
5.3.
The Supreme Court and the preliminary ruling procedure: to refer or not to refer? / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
313
5.4.
Knocking on heaven's door: (the unfortunate) case C-168/06 Ceramika Paradyz / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
315
5.5.
Breaking the ice: case C-313/05 Brzezitiski / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
316
5.6.
EU Citizenship in operation: case C-499/06 Nerkowska / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
318
6.
Direct actions / Aleksandra Wentkowska Adam Lazowski
319
7.
Conclusions / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
322
ch. 10
What about that 'Incoming Tide'? The Application of EU Law in Czech Republic / Adam Lazowski Aleksandra Wentkowska
325
1.
Introduction / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
325
2.
Overture: the pre-accession harmonious interpretation / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
326
2.1.
The justification for the use of EU law before the accession and examples of its application / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
326
2.2.
Examples of non-application and obstacles to the use of EU law prior to the accession / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
328
3.
Constitutional position vis-à-vis EU law upon the accession to the European Union / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
329
3.1.
The constitutional basis of opening the national legal system to EU law and the primacy of EU law / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
330
3.2.
The relationship between national constitutional law and EU law / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
331
3.3.
The constitutional duty to apply national law in a manner consistent with EU law / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
333
3.4.
Constitutional review of EU law by the CCC / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
333
3.5.
Is there a consistent position of the CCC towards EU law? / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
335
4.
Application of European Union law after the accession by Czech courts and administrative authorities / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
336
4.1.
Absence of direct conflicts before courts / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
337
4.2.
Direct effect and primacy before administrative authorities / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
339
4.3.
The practice of harmony in interpretation / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
340
5.
References for preliminary ruling / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
344
5.1.
The playground and incentives / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
344
5.2.
Changing the established habits: incentives provided by the CCC for submitting request for preliminary rulings / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
346
5.3.
The references / Zdenek Kühn Michal Bobek
347
5.4.
The less successful (?) attempts / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
350
6.
Infringements and direct actions / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
353
6.1.
Direct actions / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
353
6.2.
Infringements proceedings / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
354
7.
Conclusions / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
356
ch. 11
Europe yet to Come: The Application of EU Law in Slovakia / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
357
1.
Introduction / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
357
2.
The absence of European Union law arguments prior to the accession / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
357
3.
Constitutional basis for the application of European Union law and the Slovak Constitutional Court / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
358
3.1.
The case of the European Constitutional Treaty / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
359
3.2.
The anti-discrimination law case / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
361
4.
Application of European Union law by national courts after the accession / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
363
4.1.
The bottom-up emergence of European Union law in Slovak courts / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
364
4.2.
Potential explanations for the limited use of European Union law by Slovak courts / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
366
5.
References for preliminary ruling / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
368
5.1.
The references / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
369
5.2.
The absence of a reference / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
372
5.3.
The position of the Slovak Constitutional Court / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
373
6.
Infringements and direct actions / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
375
7.
Conclusions / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
377
ch. 12
The Application of EU Law in Hungary: Challenges and Emerging Practices / Michal Bobek Zdenek Kühn
379
1.
Introduction / Tamara Takács
379
2.
Overview of the Hungarian judiciary / Tamara Takács
379
2.1.
The reform of the Hungarian judiciary following the fall of the Communist regime / Tamara Takács
380
2.2.
The Constitutional Court's position in the national constitutional order / Tamara Takács
382
3.
The constitutional amendment as a part of the pre-accession preparation and an appraisal of the authorising article / Tamara Takács
383
4.
Supremacy of Community law in the Constitutional Court's jurisprudence: before and after accession / Tamara Takács
385
5.
The application of European Union law by ordinary courts: the Simmenthal-mandate and other challenges / Tamara Takács
391
6.
The application of EU law by higher courts: direct effect and temporal limitations / Tamara Takács
393
6.1.
Individuals invoking rights stemming from an EC directive / Tamara Takács
393
6.2.
Temporal limitation to the application of EC law: the relevance of pre-accession facts / Tamara Takács
394
7.
EC Regulations in the Hungarian Legal order / Tamara Takács
395
8.
The preliminary ruling procedure in Hungarian law and its application by national courts / Tamara Takács
397
8.1.
Introduction / Tamara Takács
397
8.2.
Provisions of Hungarian law on the preliminary ruling procedure / Tamara Takács
398
8.3.
Preliminary ruling procedure in operation: a Hungarian perspective / Tamara Takács
399
8.3.1.
National courts entitled to refer / Tamara Takács
399
8.3.2.
Appeals against decisions to refer / Tamara Takács
400
8.3.3.
Challenging a decision not to refer / Tamara Takács
402
8.4.
Legal issues in Hungarian references for preliminary ruling / Tamara Takács
403
8.4.1.
Temporal limitation to the application of EC law / Tamara Takács
404
8.4.2.
'Clearly no jurisdiction' / Tamara Takács
405
8.4.3.
Compatibility of national law with EC law / Tamara Takács
406
8.4.4.
The interpretation of right of establishment - the Cartesio case / Tamara Takács
407
8.5.
References for preliminary ruling in the Third Pillar / Tamara Takács
408
9.
Infringement proceedings against Hungary / Tamara Takács
409
9.1.
The transposition record / Tamara Takács
409
9.2.
Enforcing EC law: overview of infringement cases / Tamara Takács
410
9.2.1.
Cases C-30/07 Commission v. Hungary and C-148/07 Commission v. Hungary / Tamara Takács
410
9.2.2.
Letters of formal notice in the case of vehicle registration tax and "golden shares" / Tamara Takács
412
10.
Direct actions challenging EU secondary legislation / Tamara Takács
415
10.1.
Challenging a Community act by the Hungarian Government / Tamara Takács
415
10.2.
Individuals challenging Community acts / Tamara Takács
418
11.
Conclusions / Tamara Takács
419
ch. 13
The Application of the EU Law in Slovenia: Teething Troubles of the Blue-eyed Boy / Tamara Takács
421
1.
Introduction / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
421
2.
Decisions of the Constitutional Court on the application of EU law / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
422
2.1.
Introduction / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
422
2.2.
The pre-accession period / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
423
2.3.
Post-accession decisions / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
426
2.4.
Supremacy unquestioned? / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
431
2.5.
European Arrest Warrant / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
434
3.
Jurisprudence in the field of asylum law with references to EU law / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
436
4.
Jurisprudence in the field of labour law with references to EU law / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
437
5.
The preliminary ruling procedure in national law and practice / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
439
5.1.
Introduction / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
439
5.2.
The preliminary ruling procedure in national law / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
439
5.3.
Slovenian courts and the preliminary ruling procedure / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
442
5.4.
Requests for a preliminary ruling in the practice of the National Review Commission for Reviewing Public Procurement Award Procedures / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
444
5.5.
Interventions in preliminary ruling procedures initiated by courts from other Member States / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
446
6.
Infraction procedures initiated by the European Commission and direct actions / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
448
6.1.
Case C-267/07: the first or the last of the Mohicans? / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
448
6.2.
Case C-402/08: the first lost case / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
449
6.3.
Cases C-440/05, C-414/04: (near) failures to intervene / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
449
7.
Publication of EU legislation in the Official Journal in Slovenian language / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
450
8.
Conclusions / Sa[š]a Zagorc Samo Bardutzky
451
ch. 14
Malta and European Union Law / Samo Bardutzky Sa[š]a Zagorc
453
1.
Introduction / Ivan Sammut
453
2.
The EU legal order and its constitutional implications for Maltese law / Ivan Sammut
454
2.1.
The Constitution of the Republic of Malta / Ivan Sammut
454
2.2.
The European Union Act 2003 / Ivan Sammut
455
2.2.1.
Introductory remarks / Ivan Sammut
455
2.2.2.
The substance of the European Union Act 2003 / Ivan Sammut
457
2.3.
The impact of the European Union Act 2003 on the Maltese Constitution / Ivan Sammut
459
2.4.
The European Union Act 2003 in practice / Ivan Sammut
459
3.
The application of EU law in Malta / Ivan Sammut
461
4.
European Union law in Maltese courts / Ivan Sammut
464
4.1.
The application of EU law by Maltese courts / Ivan Sammut
464
4.2.
References for a preliminary ruling / Ivan Sammut
466
5.
Enforcement actions against Malta / Ivan Sammut
467
6.
Conclusions / Ivan Sammut
470
ch. 15
"Back to Reality": the Implications of EU Membership in the Constitutional Legal Order of Cyprus / Ivan Sammut
471
1.
Introduction / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
471
2.
The Application of the Principle of supremacy of EC/EU law in Cyprus / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
473
2.1.
The Cypriot constitutional legal order / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
473
2.2.
International legal agreements in the national legal order / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
474
2.2.1.
Duty of compliance / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
474
2.2.1.1.
Initial legislative action in Cyprus in the context of EU accession / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
474
2.2.1.2.
Judicial catalyst in the context of EU membership / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
475
2.2.1.3.
Legislative (re)action in the context of membership / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
478
2.2.2.
Duty of indirect interpretation / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
480
3.
Principles of judicial integration in Cyprus: preliminary references under Cypriot law / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
484
3.1.
National provisions on the preliminary ruling procedure / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
484
3.2.
Current practice of the preliminary ruling procedure by national courts / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
489
3.2.1.
Competition law and procurement law under the EC Treaty / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
489
3.2.1.1.
Decision not to refer / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
489
3.2.1.2.
Decision to refer / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
492
3.2.2.
Title on visa, immigration and asylum under the EC Treaty: Article 68 EC / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
493
4.
Principles of judicial integration in Cyprus: the application of Community law, infractions and other direct actions before the EU courts / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
494
4.1.
The application of EC regulations in the Cypriot legal order / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
494
4.2.
Infractions and other direct actions before the EU courts / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
496
4.2.1.
Litigation relating to CAP / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
496
4.2.1.1.
The sugar cases / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
496
4.2.1.2.
Other agricultural products / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
498
4.2.2.
Litigation arising out of the application of instruments of secondary legislation within the framework of Protocol 10 / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
500
5.
Conclusions / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
502
ch. 16
The Application of EU Law in Romania / Stéphanie Laulhé Shaelou
503
1.
Introduction / Kinga Tibori Szabó
503
1.1.
Short summary of the application process / Kinga Tibori Szabó
504
1.2.
The Accession Treaty and associated legal instruments / Kinga Tibori Szabó
506
2.
The application of the principle of supremacy / Kinga Tibori Szabó
508
2.1.
The 2003 revision of the Romanian Constitution / Kinga Tibori Szabó
508
2.2.
The Romanian judiciary and the principle of supremacy / Kinga Tibori Szabó
510
2.2.1.
Pre-accession interpretation / Kinga Tibori Szabó
510
2.2.2.
The application of the supremacy principle after accession / Kinga Tibori Szabó
511
2.2.3.
Supremacy, free movement and reference for preliminary ruling / Kinga Tibori Szabó
513
3.
The special aspects of Romania's accession / Kinga Tibori Szabó
514
3.1.
The need for a transparent and efficient judicial process / Kinga Tibori Szabó
515
3.1.1.
Romanian court system / Kinga Tibori Szabó
515
3.1.2.
The long reform process of the judiciary system / Kinga Tibori Szabó
515
3.1.3.
The principle of mutual recognition in civil and criminal matters / Kinga Tibori Szabó
518
3.1.3.1.
Romanian legislation regarding the European Arrest Warrant / Kinga Tibori Szabó
518
3.1.3.2.
The European Arrest Warrant and Romanian courts / Kinga Tibori Szabó
519
3.2.
The fight against corruption / Kinga Tibori Szabó
521
3.2.1.
The National Integrity Agency / Kinga Tibori Szabó
521
3.2.2.
Political willingness to fight corruption / Kinga Tibori Szabó
522
3.2.2.1.
Fighting high-level corruption: the National Anti-Corruption Directorate / Kinga Tibori Szabó
523
3.2.2.2.
Fighting local corruption / Kinga Tibori Szabó
525
4.
Traditional aspects of membership / Kinga Tibori Szabó
527
4.1.
Infringement procedures / Kinga Tibori Szabó
527
4.2.
Direct actions of Romania before the ECJ and the CFI / Kinga Tibori Szabó
531
4.3.
Institutional aspects / Kinga Tibori Szabó
532
4.3.1.
Romanian judges at the EU courts / Kinga Tibori Szabó
532
4.3.2.
The Romanian Commissioner / Kinga Tibori Szabó
532
4.3.3.
Elections to the European Parliament / Kinga Tibori Szabó
532
5.
Conclusions / Kinga Tibori Szabó
534
ch. 17
Learning the Hard Way: Bulgaria and EU Law / Kinga Tibori Szabó
537
1.
Introduction / Adam Lazowski Svetla Yosifova
537
2.
From association to membership in the European Union / Adam Lazowski Svetla Yosifova
538
2.1.
Association with the European Communities / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
538
2.2.
Towards the membership in the European Union / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
541
3.
The Accession Treaty 2005 / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
544
3.1.
Introductory remarks / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
544
3.2.
Safeguard clauses / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
544
3.3.
Transitional periods / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
546
3.3.1.
Free movement of workers / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
546
3.3.2.
Transitional periods - free movement of capital / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
548
4.
Post-accession monitoring: co-operation and verification mechanism / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
550
4.1.
Introduction / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
550
4.2.
Co-operation and verification mechanism in operation: July 2009 / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
551
5.
The Constitution of Bulgaria and membership of the European Union / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
553
5.1.
General remarks / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
553
5.2.
The first amendment / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
554
5.3.
The second amendment / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
555
5.4.
The third amendment / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
555
5.5.
The fourth amendment / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
556
6.
Pre-accession approximation of laws and case law of Bulgarian courts / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
557
6.1.
Introduction / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
557
7.
Apres enlargement: the application of EU law in Bulgaria / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
559
7.1.
Introduction / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
559
7.2.
The position of international law in the Bulgarian legal order / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
560
7.3.
The immediate effect of EU law in Bulgaria and late publication of EU legislation in Bulgarian / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
560
7.4.
Post-accession cases with pre-accession facts / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
563
7.5.
Supremacy and direct effect in operation / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
564
8.
Bulgarian courts and the preliminary ruling procedure / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
568
8.1.
Breaking the ice: case C-545/07 Apis-Hristovich EOOD v. Lakorda AD / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
568
8.2.
Subsequent references to the European Court of Justice / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
568
9.
Direct actions / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
569
9.1.
Infraction cases against Bulgaria / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
569
9.2.
Actions for annulment / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
570
10.
Conclusions / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
570
Conclusions: Nowy Swiat, Új világ, Nový Svet / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
571
About the Authors / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
575
Index / Svetla Yosifova Adam Lazowski
581