The courts of genocide : politics and the rule of law in Rwanda and Arusha / Nicholas A. Jones.
2010
K5001 .J66 2010 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Author
Title
The courts of genocide : politics and the rule of law in Rwanda and Arusha / Nicholas A. Jones.
Published
Abingdon, Oxon, [England] ; New York : Routledge, 2010.
Call Number
K5001 .J66 2010
ISBN
9780415490702 (hardbound)
0415490707 (hardbound)
9780203880807 (e-book)
0203880803 (e-book)
0415490707 (hardbound)
9780203880807 (e-book)
0203880803 (e-book)
Description
xiii, 229 pages : illustrations, map ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)311230220
Note
"A GlassHouse book."
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages [193]-205) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the African Law Center Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the African Law Center Fund
Table of Contents
List of tables and figures
xi
Acknowledgements
xii
Map: Republic of Rwanda: locations of 1994 genocide massacres
xiv
1.
The Rwandan genocide and the judicial response
1
What is genocide?
3
The adjudication of the Rwandan genocide
7
The Gacaca courts
8
The Rwandan criminal courts
9
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
9
Other relevant jurisdictions
10
Military trials
10
Genocide trials in other foreign jurisdictions
11
Looking forward
13
2.
A historical and conceptual framework for understanding justice in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide
16
A brief history of ethnicity and politics in Rwanda
17
Pre-colonial ethnic relations and political organization
17
The colonial era: the institutionalization of ethnicity and Tutsi political dominance
20
The Hutu social revolution in 1959: the reversal of ethnic politics
23
Post-colonial Rwandan political structure: the first and second republics: 1959-92
25
The Arusha Accords of 1992
26
Critical contextual aspects of the genocide
28
The international context
32
Conceptual framework
33
Restorative and retributive justice
33
Responsive regulation
36
Liberal-legalism: the use of trials within the context of mass atrocity
38
Cosmopolitan law
41
The rule of law
43
3.
The Gacaca courts
51
The history and development of the Gacaca
53
Anthropological considerations
54
Legal considerations
57
Confession and plea bargaining procedures
63
The trial process
65
Religious considerations
67
Gacaca courts and the search for justice
68
Restorative and retributive justice?
68
Responsive regulation
72
Liberal-legalism in the Gacaca
74
Rule of law
74
4.
The Rwandan national judiciary
80
Historical issues impacting the current judiciary
80
Problems facing the judiciary in the immediate aftermath of the genocide
81
Massive arrests and burgeoning prison population
82
A consequence of genocide: a depleted judiciary
84
Domestic Rwandan law did not include genocide crimes
84
The specialized chambers for genocide trials
85
A system in transition: judicial reform
89
Constitutional reform
89
Judicial restructuring
91
Competency of judicial personnel
93
Relationship to the Gacaca
94
Relationship to the ICTR
95
Restorative andlor retributive justice
98
Responsive regulation
98
Liberal-legalism
99
Rule of law
100
5.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
104
Factors contributing to the creation of the ICTR
105
The ICTR: organizational structure
109
The chambers
109
The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP)
112
The Registry
115
The ICTR Statute and the concept of jurisdiction
119
Jurisdictional mandate of the ICTR and the suspected crimes of the RPF
121
ICTR cases and budget
124
Restorative and retributive justice at the ICTR
125
The ICTR and responsive regulation
127
Liberal-legalism
127
The ICTR and the rule of law in Rwanda and internationally
128
6.
International jurisprudence: definitions of the crimes and the key precedents
132
The ICTR Statute and the crimes it is charged with prosecuting
132
Genocide
133
Crimes against humanity
134
Hierarchy of crimes?
136
Precedent-setting cases at the ICTR
137
Prosecutor v Jean-Paul Akayesu (Case No ICTR-96-4-T)
138
Genocide
138
Individual responsibility
140
Intent: dolus specialis
142
Rape as a crime of genocide
142
Prosecutor v Jean Kambanda (Case No ICTR-97-23-A)
144
Factors relevant in sentencing at the ICTR
144
Prosecutor v Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze (Case No ICTR-99-52-T): the Media Case
148
The impact of these cases
150
7.
Issues impacting the search for justice: witness protection, hearsay evidence, and plea bargaining
156
Witness protection
156
The ICTR witness protection strategy
161
Hearsay evidence
164
Plea bargaining: negating a judicial outcome
167
The confession procedure within Rwanda
168
The ICTR
172
8.
Conclusions, predictions, and reflections
180
Overall judgements
180
The Gacaca
182
The Rwandan national judiciary
182
The International Crime Tribunal for Rwanda
184
The achievement of their shared mandate for Rwandans
185
Reflections
187
Restorative and retributive justice
187
Liberalk-legalism
190
Cosmopolitan law
191
References
193
Appendix 1
206
Index
222