Belgium : a reference instrument, but without the binding force
France : the origins, with the prospect of increasing effect
The United Kingdom : developing a human rights culture
Denmark : a document of ideological importance
Greece : more verbalism, less effectiveness?
Luxembourg : content without reference?
The Netherlands : religious inspiration, but little domestic impact
Poland : from oblivion to legal use
Sweden : underestimation of rights
Austria : keeping a low profile
Bulgaria : evolving into democracy under the UDHR template
Finland : political, not legal
Hungary : the impact on the freedom of expression
Ireland : from domestic pre-occupations to wider reception
Italy : a legal puzzle, but the civil society has taken the ball and runs with it
Portugal : human rights guidelines from the Constitution to sugar bags
Romania : sidelined to the margins of legal pluralism
Spain : from totalitarianism to fulfilment
Cyprus : from an interesting colonial legacy to post-conflict contextualisation
Germany : from imposition to adherence
Malta : a tenuous link in human rights practice and procedure
The Czech Republic : from lip service to concrete application
Estonia : transition through human rights
Latvia : binding force through court practice
Lithuania : subtle material impact
The Slovak Republic : political significance, not legal
Slovenia : indirect but increasing impact
The council of Europe : first steps and then some : collective enforcement of the universal declaration
The European Union : in search of legitimacy
The OSCE : a commitment to human rights
A view from the outside
Concluding remarks on Europe : diversity within the unity.