Items
Details
Table of Contents
Introduction: Ethno-nationalism in the International System 1
Part I Ethno-Nationalist Challenge Within the Nation-State
1 The Nation-State Project: Colonial Export and 'Mother of Disorder' 7
The Colonial Clash of Civilizations 7
The European Idea of the Nation-State and its Ambivalence 9
Emergency Cases in the New World Disorder: Separatism and State Failure 13
The National Dilemma, Hybrid Nationalism and Failed Development 15
2 Intra-state Conflicts and Disappearance of Clausewitzean Warfare 27
'Ethnic' and other Intra-state Conflicts: Chronic and Forgotten 28
Towards a Typology of Forgotten Wars and Mass Violence 31
Lacunae of Global Surveys on Mass Violence 38
Contemporary Mass Violence: Trends and Perspectives 41
The Challenge of Ethno-nationalism and the Tendency of Peripheral States to Conflict and Collapse 49
International Terrorism: A Provisional Assessment 54
3 Genocide as the Ultimate Crime 69
Defining Genocide and Mass Murder 71
Genocide in the 20th Century 75
A Typology of Genocide 78
Patterns of Total Genocide and Indicators of Alert 81
The Problem of Enforcing the Anti-Genocide Convention 85
4 Structural Features of Ethno-nationalist Conflicts 89
Is There Such a Thing as an Ethnic Conflict Per Se? 90
The Concept of the Ethnos and the Nation-without-State 93
False Theses Concerning Ethnicity, Ethnicization, and Ethno-nationalism 96
Structural Features 100
Statistical Conflict Potential 102
The Actors Involved and Their Conflicting Relations 104
The History of a Conflict: Background and Causal Factors 107
Causes of a Conflict 108
The Triggers to a Conflict and Their Relationship to the Causes 110
Matters in Dispute Classified by Urgency 112
Aims and Demands of the Parties to the War 113
Opposition Organizations, Recruiting Base, and Leadership 113
Conflict Formation: Course of the Conflict, Legitimating Violence, Conduct of Hostilities, Weaponry 115
Resources, Hinterland, and the Question of Outside Involvement 119
Understanding the Problem is the First Step to its Solution 121
Part II Responses of the International System 129
5 Options for Preventing Violence and Resolving Conflict 131
Change of Perspective after the Rwanda Shock 132
From Conflict Research to Peace Research 136
Positive Peace: Between Past, Present and Utopia 138
6 Minorities, New States, and Human Rights 148
The Propagation of States as a Form of Conflict Resolution 149
War Without Rules and the Activity of Humanitarian Organizations 158
Procedures for Enforcing Minimum Human-Rights Standards 166
Discrimination of Minorities 171
The European Anti-racist Movements and their Influence 178
Combating Racism and Xenophobia 182
Minority Rights and Anti-racism: The EU and Eastward Enlargement 194
Human-Rights Regimes in Regional and UN Organizations 199
The Struggles of the Indian Peoples of the Americas 204
Autonomy and Self-rule as Conflict Resolution 209
Protection of Indigenous Peoples: The Paradigm of Collective Rights 213
7 Multilateral Regimes for Regulating Intra-state Conflict 237
The OSCE: A Step Towards Permanent Co-operation in Europe? 239
Institutional Protection for Europe's Minorities 245
Stages in Failure and Reasons for OSCE Reform 257
The Organization of American States and its Shortcomings 264
The OAU, its Charter and the Project of the African Union 267
Not Enough Global Dispute-Settlement Institutions 279
8 Conflict Management and a New Role for the United Nations 290
The Apocalypse in Rwanda and the Role of the United Nations 291
UN Peacekeeping Needs Clear and Legitimate Objectives 294
Combating International Terrorism: a Task for the United Nations 302
Developing Structural Prevention of Mass Violence 307
Developing Structural Prevention of Genocide 308
Over Fifty Years of United Nations: Attempts at Instrumentalization 311
Changed Scenarios of Threat and Global Security 313
Reforming the United Nations and Giving it a New Role 319.
Part I Ethno-Nationalist Challenge Within the Nation-State
1 The Nation-State Project: Colonial Export and 'Mother of Disorder' 7
The Colonial Clash of Civilizations 7
The European Idea of the Nation-State and its Ambivalence 9
Emergency Cases in the New World Disorder: Separatism and State Failure 13
The National Dilemma, Hybrid Nationalism and Failed Development 15
2 Intra-state Conflicts and Disappearance of Clausewitzean Warfare 27
'Ethnic' and other Intra-state Conflicts: Chronic and Forgotten 28
Towards a Typology of Forgotten Wars and Mass Violence 31
Lacunae of Global Surveys on Mass Violence 38
Contemporary Mass Violence: Trends and Perspectives 41
The Challenge of Ethno-nationalism and the Tendency of Peripheral States to Conflict and Collapse 49
International Terrorism: A Provisional Assessment 54
3 Genocide as the Ultimate Crime 69
Defining Genocide and Mass Murder 71
Genocide in the 20th Century 75
A Typology of Genocide 78
Patterns of Total Genocide and Indicators of Alert 81
The Problem of Enforcing the Anti-Genocide Convention 85
4 Structural Features of Ethno-nationalist Conflicts 89
Is There Such a Thing as an Ethnic Conflict Per Se? 90
The Concept of the Ethnos and the Nation-without-State 93
False Theses Concerning Ethnicity, Ethnicization, and Ethno-nationalism 96
Structural Features 100
Statistical Conflict Potential 102
The Actors Involved and Their Conflicting Relations 104
The History of a Conflict: Background and Causal Factors 107
Causes of a Conflict 108
The Triggers to a Conflict and Their Relationship to the Causes 110
Matters in Dispute Classified by Urgency 112
Aims and Demands of the Parties to the War 113
Opposition Organizations, Recruiting Base, and Leadership 113
Conflict Formation: Course of the Conflict, Legitimating Violence, Conduct of Hostilities, Weaponry 115
Resources, Hinterland, and the Question of Outside Involvement 119
Understanding the Problem is the First Step to its Solution 121
Part II Responses of the International System 129
5 Options for Preventing Violence and Resolving Conflict 131
Change of Perspective after the Rwanda Shock 132
From Conflict Research to Peace Research 136
Positive Peace: Between Past, Present and Utopia 138
6 Minorities, New States, and Human Rights 148
The Propagation of States as a Form of Conflict Resolution 149
War Without Rules and the Activity of Humanitarian Organizations 158
Procedures for Enforcing Minimum Human-Rights Standards 166
Discrimination of Minorities 171
The European Anti-racist Movements and their Influence 178
Combating Racism and Xenophobia 182
Minority Rights and Anti-racism: The EU and Eastward Enlargement 194
Human-Rights Regimes in Regional and UN Organizations 199
The Struggles of the Indian Peoples of the Americas 204
Autonomy and Self-rule as Conflict Resolution 209
Protection of Indigenous Peoples: The Paradigm of Collective Rights 213
7 Multilateral Regimes for Regulating Intra-state Conflict 237
The OSCE: A Step Towards Permanent Co-operation in Europe? 239
Institutional Protection for Europe's Minorities 245
Stages in Failure and Reasons for OSCE Reform 257
The Organization of American States and its Shortcomings 264
The OAU, its Charter and the Project of the African Union 267
Not Enough Global Dispute-Settlement Institutions 279
8 Conflict Management and a New Role for the United Nations 290
The Apocalypse in Rwanda and the Role of the United Nations 291
UN Peacekeeping Needs Clear and Legitimate Objectives 294
Combating International Terrorism: a Task for the United Nations 302
Developing Structural Prevention of Mass Violence 307
Developing Structural Prevention of Genocide 308
Over Fifty Years of United Nations: Attempts at Instrumentalization 311
Changed Scenarios of Threat and Global Security 313
Reforming the United Nations and Giving it a New Role 319.