Preface / Goran Melander

The United Nations and Human Rights in the Twenty-first Century / Bertram G. Ramcharan

1

The Early Days / Kamleshwar Das

15

Overview Over Human Rights - the Regime of the UN / Ann Marie Bolin Pennegard

19

The Examination of Individual Complaints by the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights / Alfred de Zayas

67

Article 26, the Human Rights Committee's Views and Decisions: the Way of the Future? / Carla Edelenbos

123

How to Untie a Tie in the Human Rights Committee / Martin Scheinin

129

The First Ten Years of the Human Rights Committee / Andreas Mavrommatis

147

CERD and Article 14; The Unfulfilled Promise / Theo van Boven

153

CAT and Articles 20 and 22 / Bent Sorensen

167

State Reports / Vojin Dimitrijevic

185

Follow-up Procedures to Individual Complaints and Periodic State Reporting Mechanisms / Markus G. Schmidt

201

53rd Session of the Commission on Human Rights / Bhaswati Mukherjee

217

The Special Procedures of the UN Commission on Human Rights: Should they be Scrapped? / Lyal S. Sunga

233

Urgent Action / Nigel S. Rodley

279

Human Rights Education / Anette Faye Jacobsen

285

1503: A Serious Procedure / Maria Francisca Ize-Charrin

293

Early Warning and Prevention / Hans Thoolen

311

Good Offices, Preventative Action and Peacemaking by the United Nations Secretary-General / Bertram G. Ramcharan

329

Monitoring the Rights of the Internally Displaced / Maria Stavropoulou

337

Protecting Refugees and Persons in Refugee-like Situations / Oldrich Andrysek

343

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law: to Bomb or Not to Bomb? / Rein Mullerson

357

A United Nations Permanent Forum for the World's Indigenous Peoples - A Global Imperative / Erica-Irene A. Daes

371

Minorities at the United Nations: From Standard-setting to the Working Group on Minorities / Asbjorn Eide

381

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Challenges and Opportunities / Bhaswati Mukherjee

391

The High Commissioner's Field Operations / Ian Martin

403

The United Nations Programme of Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights / Craig G. Mokhiber

415

Men and Women, Sex and Gender / Katarina Tomasevski

429

The New Frontiers of Judicial Enforcement: The International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda / Payam Akhavan

441

The Role of the Permanent International Criminal Court in Prosecuting Genocide, Other Crimes Against Humanity and Serious Violations of Humanitarian Law / Christopher Keith Hall

457

The International Court of Justice in Furthering the Justiciability of Human Rights / Jonas Grimheden

469

The International Labour Organization and Human Rights Access to the ILO / Lee Swepston

485

UNESCO / Janusz Symonides

505

Access to Justice: the World Bank Inspection Panel / Laurence Boisson de Chazournes

513

Approaching FAO / Margret Vidar

521

Monitoring by the Council of Europe / Andrew Drzemczewski

525

Inter-State Complaints Under Treaty Provisions - The Experience Under the European Convention on Human Rights / Soren C. Prebensen

533

Control of Execution of Decisions Under the ECHR - Some Remarks on the Committee of Ministers' Control of the Proper Implementation of Decisions Finding Violations of the Convention / Fredrik G. E. Sundberg

561

The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment / Love Kellberg

587

The European Social Charter / Regis Brillat

601

Equality Between Women and Men / Olof Thorhildur Olafsdottir

607

Just Do It! Human Rights Education in Europe / Maggie Nicholson

617

The Monitoring Procedure of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly / Jan Kleijssen

623

Approaching the OSCE - An Overview / Nils Eliasson

627

Monitoring the Human Dimension of the OSCE / Arie Bloed

633

The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities / John Packer

641

The Commissioner of the Council of the Baltic Sea States / Ole Espersen

657

The EU as an External Human Rights Actor / Barbara Brandtner Allan Rosas

667

Protection of Human Rights under the Inter-American System: An Outsider's Reflection / Michelo Hansungule

679

The Complaint Procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights / Oji Umozurike

707

The Protection Mechanism under the African Charter and the Protocol on African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights / Erika de Wet

713

Prospects for Regional Human Rights Machinery in Asia-Pacific / Jiarong Yan

731

Human Rights and the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Michael O'Flaherty

749

The Human Rights Ombudsperson for Bosnia and Herzegovina / Donna Gomien

763

Individual Complaints Before the Human Rights Commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina / Manfred Nowak

771

Human Rights in EU and EEA Law / Stefan Mar Stefansson

795

Human Rights Mechanisms in International Parliamentary Institutions / Anders B. Johnsson

803

The United Nations and National Human Rights Institutions / Brian Burdekin Anne Gallagher

815

The Role of Bar Associations and Law Societies in the Implementation of Human Rights / Ragnar Adalsteinsson

827

On Monitoring Human Rights and the International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC) / Christophe Swinarski

837

Role of NGOs - An Overview / Rachel Brett

845

Amnesty International: A Candle of Hope / Johanna K. Eyjolfsdottir

855

Making a Difference / Frances D'Souza

861

The International Commission of Jurists in the International Human Rights Movement / Adama Dieng

869

La Pratique de la Federation Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme au sein des Organes de l'ONU / Antoine Bernard Sara Guillet

875

Advocacy in International Organisations: Some Experiences and Reflections from the Perspective of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) / Aaron Rhodes

891

The Role of International Non-Governmental Organisations in Promoting Minority Rights Monitoring / Alan Phillips

897

The Protestant Churches / Bernhardur Gudmundsson

907

Concluding Remarks: More Law and Less Politics / Gudmundur Alfredsson

913

About the Authors

927

Index

933