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Items
Details
Title
Contract law in Austria / Willibald Posch.
Published
Alphen aan den Rijn : Kluwer Law International, [2015]
Copyright
©2015
Call Number
KJJ858 .P67 2015
Former Call Number
Aus 505 P841 2015
ISBN
9041160035 (pbk.)
9789041160034 (pbk.)
9789041160034 (pbk.)
Description
278 pagina's : portretten ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)932799370
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
The Author
3
List Of Abbreviations
15
A.
Selected Periodicals
15
B.
Other Abbreviations 16 General Introduction
19
1.
The General Background Of The Country
19
I.
Geography
19
II.
Political System In The Past And Present
19
III.
Political System
22
IV.
Economic And Social Values
26
2.
Austrian Law Belongs To The German Legal Family
27
3.
Primacy Of Legislation
28
4.
The Position Of The Judiciary
29
5.
Distinction Between Public And Private Law
32
6.
Distinction Between Civil Law And Enterprise Law
33
Introduction To The Law Of Contract
35
1.
Basic Concepts And Guiding Principles
35
I.
Legal Transaction (Juristic Act) In General
35
II.
Classification Of Legal Transactions
36
III.
Declaration Of Intent (Willenserklarung)
37
IV.
The Definition Of 'Contract'
38
2.
Historical Background Of The Law Of Contract
38
I.
Sources The Draftsmen Had To Consider
38
II.
Influence Of Roman Law
39
III.
Influence Of The Natural Law School
39
IV.
Confusing Heritage
39
3.
Classification Of Contracts
40
I.
'Consensual Contracts'
40
II.
'Real Contracts'
40
III.
'Synallagmatic Contracts'
41
IV.
Categories Of Statutory Contracts
42
V.
Contracts Subject To Formal Requirement
43
VI.
Standard Form Contracts
43
4.
Contracts And Torts
44
I.
No Clear Structural Distinction
44
II.
No Rule Of Won-Cumur
46
III.
Recent Legislation 46 Iv Third Parties
46
5.
Contract, Unjust Enrichment And Other Legal Obligations
47
I.
Contractual And Legal Obligations
47
II.
Unjust Enrichment
47
III.
Negotiorum Gestio
49
IV.
Avoidance Of A Fraudulent Transfer Of Property By A Creditor
50
6.
Contract And The Law Of Property
50
I.
The Notion Of 'Real Rights (Rights In Rem)'
50
II.
The Law Of Ownership (Property)
51
III.
Conveyancing
52
7.
Contract And Trust
53
8.
Good Faith And Fair Dealing
54
9.
Style Of Drafting
56
10.
Sources Of The Law Of Contract
57
I.
Areas Of Austrian Law, Important Codes And Statutes
57
II.
Sources Of The Law Of Contract
60
III.
Finding The Law
61
A.
Legislation
61
B.
Case Law
62
C.
Periodicals, Commentaries, Treatises And Monographs
63
IV.
Literature On Austrian Contract Law In English
64
Part I General Principles Of The Law Of Contract
67
ch. 1
Formation
67
1.
Agreement And 'Do, Ut Des'
67
I.
Offer And Acceptance
67
A.
The Offer
68
B.
Pre-Contractual Fault
69
C.
Offer And Promise Of A Reward
69
D.
Offer Or Invitation To Treat
70
E.
The Acceptance
70
F.
Contract By Correspondence
70
II.
Intention To Create Legal Relations
71
III.
Consideration
72
A.
Consideration Is Not A Requirement Of The Austrian Law Of Contract
72
B.
Gratuitous Promises
73
C.
Natural Obligations
73
2.
Formal Requirements
74
I.
Reasons For Statutory Formal Requirements
74
II.
Legal Forms In General
75
III.
Relevant Forms
75
A.
Writing
75
B.
Notarial Contract Under Seal
76
C.
Formal Requirements For Consumer Transactions
76
IV.
The Notary And His Function
77
3.
Liability And Negotiations
77
I.
Pre-Contractual Liability
78
II.
The Legal Framework
78
III.
General Principles And Types Of Pre-Contractual Duties
81
IV.
The Field Of Legitimate Application Of Culpa In Contrahendo
82
A.
Violation Of The Duty To Inform About Legal Obstacles For Valid Conclusion Of Contract
82
B.
Violation Of The Duty To Inform About Attributes Of The Object Of The Intended Contract
82
C.
Arbitrarily Breaking Off Advanced Contract Negotiations
83
D.
Acting On Behalf Of Another Without Having Authority To Do So
84
V.
Unsound Expansion Of Culpa In Contrahendo Rules
85
ch. 2
Conditions Of Substantive Validity
88
1.
Capacity Of The Parties
88
I.
Minors
88
II.
Insanity
89
III.
Spouses Managing The Family Household
90
IV.
Aliens
90
V.
Legal Persons
91
2.
Defects Of Consent
91
I.
Mistake (Error)
92
A.
Error As To The Motive
93
B.
Error As To The Substance In A Narrow Sense
94
C.
Mistake Of Expression
94
D.
Mistakes In Calculation And Errors As To The Legal Consequences
94
E.
Essential And Non-Essential Errors
95
F.
Statutory Requirements For Avoidance Or Correction
95
1.
Causation Of Error
96
2.
Negligent Failure To Disclose Error
96
3.
Prompt Disclosure
96
II.
Deceit
97
III.
Duress (Illegal And Well-Founded Fear)
97
IV.
Laesio Enonnis
97
3.
Other Conditions Of Validity
98
I.
Cause
99
II.
Possibility
100
III.
Permissibility
100
IV.
Compliance With Public Morality (Good Morals)
104
4.
The Consequences Of A Defect Of Consent Or Of A Lack Of Substantive Validity
106
I.
Avoidance Or Adaptation Of The Contract
106
II.
Partial Avoidance
108
ch. 3
The Contents Of A Contract
110
1.
The Different Clauses
110
I.
Express Terms
110
II.
Implied Terms
111
III.
Exemption Clauses And Limitation Clauses
111
IV.
Penalty Clauses
113
V.
Arbitration Clauses
114
2.
Interpretation
115
3.
Conditional Contracts
118
I.
Suspensive And Resolutive Conditions
119
II.
Affirmative And Negative Conditions
119
III.
Casual, Mixed And Potestative Conditions
120
IV.
Possible And Impossible, Illicit And Permitted Conditions
120
V.
The Effect Of A Condition
121
ch. 4
Privity Of Contract
122
1.
The Rule Of Privity Of Contract
122
I.
Third Parties And The Contract
122
II.
Contract For The Benefit Of A Third Party
122
III.
Contract Implying The Protection Of A Third Party
124
2.
Transfer Of Contractual Rights
124
I.
The Formalities
126
II.
Effects Of The Assignment
127
III.
The Transfer As Against Third Parties (Other Than The Debtor)
129
3.
Delegation Of Contractual Duties
129
4.
Transfer Of An Obligation
131
5.
Subcontracting
131
ch. 5
The End Of The Contract
132
1.
From Performance To Death: Statutory Reasons For The Extinction Of A Debt
132
I.
Payment
132
A.
Who May Pay?
132
B.
Whom Should One Pay?
133
C.
What To Pay?
134
D.
Special Rules As To Payment Of Money Debts
134
II.
Deposit Of A Debt In Court
137
III.
Performance In Lieu Of Payment
137
IV.
Set-Off
137
V.
Waiver
138
VI.
Merger
138
VII.
Lapse Of Time
138
VIII.
Notice Of Termination
139
IX.
Death
139
2.
Impossibility And Frustration
139
I.
Impossibility
139
II.
Relevance Of Unforeseeable Circumstances
141
3.
Novation, Settlement And Recognition
142
I.
Novation
142
II.
Modification Of An Obligation
142
III.
Settlement
143
IV.
Recognition
144
ch. 6
Remedies
145
1.
General Introduction
145
2.
Remedies In Case Of Non-Performance By The Other Party
146
I.
Rescission
147
II.
Exceptio Non Adimpleti Contractus
148
III.
Debtor's Remedies When Creditor Cannot Perform
148
3.
Remedies In Case Of Delayed Performance By The Other Party
149
I.
Rescission
149
II.
Granting A Grace Period
150
III.
Exceptio Non Adimpleti Contractus
151
IV.
Debtor's Remedies When Creditor Is In Delay
151
4.
Enforced Performance
152
5.
Warranty Remedies
153
I.
Types Of Warranty
153
II.
Repair And Replacement (Primary Remedies)
155
III.
Price Reduction And Rescission (Secondary Remedies)
155
IV.
Common Characteristics Of Warranty Remedies
156
6.
Damages
157
I.
Damages In Case Of Non-Performance And Delay
158
II.
Damages For 'Positive Violation Of A Contract'
158
III.
Concurring Remedies: Warranty And Damages
159
7.
Remedies In Case Of Laesio Enormis: Rescission
161
8.
Limitation
162
9.
Specific Remedies Under Specific Statutes
164
I.
Consumer Protection Act
164
II.
Uncitral-Convention On The International Sale Of Goods (CISG)
164
Part II Specific Contracts
167
Introductory Remarks
167
ch. 1
Donation
168
1.
The Concept Of Donation
168
2.
Doubtful And Mixed Forms Of Donations
169
3.
Formal Requirements
170
4.
Duties Of The Donor And Remedies Of The Donee
171
5.
Donor's Right Of Revocation
172
6.
Donation Causa Mortis
172
ch. 2
Bailment
173
1.
The Concept Of Bailment
173
2.
Obligations Of The Bailee
174
3.
Obligations Of The Bailor
174
4.
Liability Of The Bailee
175
5.
Rights Of The Bailee
175
6.
Distinction Of Related Types Of Contract
176
7.
Mixed And Special Forms Of Bailment
176
8.
Professional Lodging Of Guests
176
ch. 3
Contract Of Lending
177
1.
Characteristic Elements
177
2.
Rights Of The Borrower
178
3.
Obligations Of The Borrower
178
4.
Obligations Of The Lender
179
5.
Rights In Rem Of The Borrower
179
6.
Liability Of The Borrower
179
7.
Short Limitation Period
179
8.
Permission For Use Upon Petition
180
ch. 4
Loan Contract
181
1.
Characteristic Elements
181
2.
Types Of Loan: Gratuitous And For Interest
182
3.
Related Types Of Contacts
182
ch. 5
Agency
184
1.
Mandate, Authority And Authorization
184
2.
The Meaning Of Mandate
185
3.
Conclusion Of An Agency Contact
186
4.
Cases Of Implied Power Of Attorney
186
5.
Categories Of Powers Of Attorney
188
6.
Formal Requirements
188
7.
Rights And Duties Of The Agent
189
8.
Rights And Duties Of The Principal
189
9.
Excessive Use Of Authority By The Agent
190
10.
The End Of Agency
190
11.
Specific Forms Of Commercial Agency
191
ch. 6
Barter
192
1.
Barter And Sale: Related Contracts
192
2.
Rights And Duties Of The Parties
192
3.
Distinction Of Barter And Sale
193
4.
Risk Of Loss
194
ch. 7
Sale
196
1.
The Concept Of Sale
196
2.
Types Of Sales Contracts
197
I.
Regular Sales
197
II.
Commercial Sales
198
III.
International Sales
198
IV.
Interrelation Of The Legal Rules On Sale
199
3.
Obligations Of The Seller
199
4.
Passing Of Risk
200
5.
Obligations Of The Buyer
201
6.
Seller's Warranty Of Title And Quality
201
I.
Sale By A Non-Owner
202
II.
Warranty Against Defects In Quality
203
7.
Remedies Of Unpaid Seller
205
8.
Collateral Agreements
205
I.
The Right Of Redemption
206
II.
The Right Of Resale
206
III.
The Right Of Preemption
206
IV.
Sale On Approval
207
V.
Sale With The Option To Resell For A Higher Price
207
9.
Product Liability
207
10.
The Sale On Instalment
209
ch. 8
Tenancy, Lease And Leasing
210
1.
The Conceptual Framework Of The Code
210
2.
Tenancy In General
210
3.
Bearing Of Risk And Warranty
211
4.
Rights And Duties Of The Parties
212
5.
Termination Of The Contract
213
6.
Lease
214
7.
Leasing
215
ch. 9
Service Contract
216
1.
The Concept Of Service Contract
216
2.
Rights And Obligations Of Employer And Employee
217
3.
Termination Of Contracts Of Employment
217
4.
Independent Employment Contracts
218
ch. 10
Work Contract
219
1.
Characteristic Elements
219
I.
Creation Of A Result
219
II.
Consideration
220
2.
Obligations Of The Parties
220
I.
Duties Of The Contractor
220
II.
Duties Of The Principal
221
3.
Risk Of Loss
222
4.
The End Of The Contract
223
5.
The Relation Of Work And Sales Contracts
223
ch. 11
Civil Partnership
224
ch. 12
Gambling And Wagering Contracts
226
ch. 13
Consumer Transactions
228
ch. 14
Commercial Transactions
234
Selected Bibliography
237
Index
255