Intellectual property, trade and development : strategies to optimize economic development in a TRIPS-plus era / edited by Daniel J. Gervais, professor of law and director of the intellectual property program at Vanderbilt University Law School.
2014
K1401 .I5775 2014 (Map It)
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Title
Intellectual property, trade and development : strategies to optimize economic development in a TRIPS-plus era / edited by Daniel J. Gervais, professor of law and director of the intellectual property program at Vanderbilt University Law School.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2014.
Call Number
K1401 .I5775 2014
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780199684700
0199684707
0199684707
Description
xxxvii, 364 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)888461074
Note
Includes index.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
xii
Table of Legislation
xvi
List of Abbreviations
xxv
List of Contributors
xxvii
Introduction
xxxi
I.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE GLOBAL LINKAGES
1.
Economic Growth and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: A Reassessment of the Conventional Wisdom
3
Introduction
3
I.
The Measurement of IPR Protection
4
A.
Empirical research
5
B.
Research assessment
8
II.
The Concept of IPR Protection
11
A.
Law measurement
11
B.
Enforcement measurement
12
III.
The Debate: IPR and Economic Growth
14
IV.
The Economic Model
17
A.
The partial adjustment model
17
B.
Base model results
18
C.
Developed and developing countries
21
D.
Discussion
26
V.
The Determinants of IPR Protection
27
A.
Empirical research
29
B.
The pressure for IPR
30
C.
The empirical model
30
D.
Data and measurement
32
E.
Model results
36
Conclusion
39
2.
Intellectual Property Treaties and Development
41
Introduction
41
I.
Investment and Intellectual Property
43
A.
Intellectual property and national innovation
43
B.
Intellectual property, FDI and cross-border licensing
52
II.
Multilateralism, Bilateralism, and Economic Development
59
A.
The unfinished business of the TRIPS Agreement: IP in bilateral and regional FTAs
65
B.
The limits of bilateralism and the rise of plurilateralism?
69
Conclusion: New Venues, Old Venues---Multilateralism and a Return to WIPO?
71
3.
The Dynamics of International IP Policymaking
73
Introduction
73
I.
Forum Proliferation and Forum Shifting
74
II.
A Recursive Dynamic
77
III.
The Problem of Enforcement
80
IV.
The Democratic Deficit
81
V.
Leaks and Legitimacy
82
VI.
Leaving Out the Main Targets
84
4.
IP Calibration
86
Introduction
86
I.
TRIPS: Beyond Reductionist Narratives
90
A.
The four TRIPS narratives
90
B.
The displacement of innovation
92
C.
Calibration in international negotiations
94
II.
The Parameters of Calibration
96
A.
Defining the objective
96
B.
TRIPS and traditional innovation
99
C.
Distinctions among developing countries
100
D.
Distinctions among industries
103
III.
Calibrating Towards Innovation
105
A.
R&D spillovers
106
B.
Clusters and growth poles
109
Conclusion
113
5.
Knowledge Management and Access to Essential Technologies
115
Introduction
115
I.
Why `Knowledge Management'?
116
A.
Knowledge, its management, and law
116
B.
Traditional knowledge and genetic resources
116
C.
Information and law
118
D.
Summary
119
II.
What Are Essential Technologies?
119
A.
Practical problem, legal solutions?
119
B.
Human rights and identifying essential technologies
120
C.
Competition and identifying essential technologies
127
D.
What does this achieve?
133
III.
Access and its Delivery
133
A.
What is access?
133
B.
Access and human rights
133
C.
Access and biodiversity
135
D.
Access and competition
135
Conclusion
137
II.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE REGIONAL LINKAGES
6.
TRIPS and TRIPS-Plus Protection and Impacts in Latin America
141
Introduction
141
I.
Assessing the Impact of IPRs
143
II.
Changes in Intellectual Property Legislation
145
A.
Patent law
145
B.
Copyright and neighbouring rights
161
C.
Trademarks
164
D.
Geographical indications
165
E.
Industrial designs and utility models
167
F.
Integrated circuits
167
G.
Undisclosed information
168
H.
Breeders' rights
171
III.
Protection of Traditional Knowledge
171
Conclusion
177
7.
A False Dawn? TRIPS and TRIPS-Plus Impacts in Africa
180
Introduction
180
I.
The Colonial Origins and Historical Development of IPRs in Africa
183
II.
The Significance and Normative Impact of TRIPS in Africa
189
III.
TRIPS in Africa---An Overview
191
A.
TRIPS in Northern Africa
193
B.
TRIPS in Western Africa
196
C.
TRIPS and post-TRIPS in Eastern Africa
199
D.
TRIPS in Central Africa
202
E.
TRIPS in Southern Africa
204
IV.
TRIPS in Africa: The Paths Not Taken
206
Conclusion
212
8.
TRIPS and TRIPS-Plus Development in India
214
Introduction
214
I.
TRIPS and the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
216
II.
India's Copyright Policy
229
Conclusions---Did India Benefit Through Signing of TRIPS?
237
III.
OPTIMIZING DEVELOPMENT WITHIN AND OUTSIDE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY NORMS
9.
TRIPS and Its Methods: The Resilience of Developing Country Implementation of Intellectual Property Norms
241
Introduction
241
I.
The Promise of TRIPS: Bargaining to the Baseline
243
A.
Non-discrimination
243
B.
Scope of protection
245
C.
Sanctions and enforcement
246
II.
The Resilience of the Development Impulse
248
A.
The triumph of legislation in developing countries
248
B.
Legal innovation in the developing countries
249
C.
Legal innovation or resilience in the developed countries?
254
Conclusion
255
10.
Intellectual Property and Theories of Developmental Justice
256
Introduction
256
I.
The Impact of IP on Developmental Justice
260
A.
The promise of development
260
B.
The promise of trade
270
II.
A Proposed Substantive Equality Principle in Global IP
277
A.
Defining substantive equality
277
B.
Discerning substantive equality in multilateral initiatives
279
Conclusion: Matching Development Reality to Rhetoric
285
11.
A Model for Access to Educational Resources and Innovation in the Developing World
287
Introduction
287
I.
Access Policy
289
II.
Educational Policy---Regional Initiatives
291
III.
Copyright Policy
292
IV.
State of Limitations and Exceptions
293
A.
Limitations and exceptions in national legislation
294
B.
Enforcement
302
V.
Beyond Limitations and Exceptions
305
A.
Open Educational Resources (OER)
305
B.
Framing education as a human right
308
C.
Framing education as development issue
310
D.
Trading blocs, access and innovation
311
Conclusion
312
12.
Traditional Knowledge as a Source for Innovation
314
Introduction: Innovation for Development
314
I.
TK Innovation Within TK Systems
316
II.
TK Innovation Beyond the Local Context
319
A.
Access and benefit-sharing legislation
319
III.
Intellectual Property Rights and TK-Based Innovation
323
A.
Use of IPRs for innovations within TK systems
325
Conclusion
327
13.
Global Ethical Boundaries of Intellectual Property and Development: The Case of Genome Sequencing
328
Introduction
328
I.
Sequencing the Human Genome as a Global Development Project
330
II.
The Challenges Pertaining to the Genomic Project in View of Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
334
A.
Populous genomics
334
B.
Tailored unilateral life and health insurance
335
C.
Cloning and `superficial resurrections'
336
D.
Harvesting body parts
336
E.
Prejudging people based on personal embedded genetic characteristics
337
III.
The Global Legal Structure of the Regulation of Genomic Information
338
A.
Genomic data: as a public good
341
B.
Transparency
344
C.
Inclusion of genomic sequencing in an international regulative framework
345
D.
The International Court of Genomics
347
Conclusion
349
Index
351