Discretionary criminal justice in a comparative context / edited by Michele Caianiello, Jacqueline S. Hodgson.
2015
K5425 .D57 2015 (Map It)
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Title
Discretionary criminal justice in a comparative context / edited by Michele Caianiello, Jacqueline S. Hodgson.
Published
Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, [2015]
Call Number
K5425 .D57 2015
ISBN
9781611637731 (pbk.)
1611637732 (pbk.)
1611637732 (pbk.)
Description
xi, 258 pages ; 23 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)904400104
Note
"This book contains the results of a 2013 conference in Ravenna ... organized by the University of Bologna (campus of Ravenna), the University of North Carolina, the University of Warwick, and the University of Basel ..."--Acknowledgments.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
xi
ch. One
Introduction / Jacqueline S. Hodgson
3
pt. I
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION
ch. Two
Discretionary Justice at the Initiation of a Criminal Investigation / Lorenzo M. Bujosa Vadell
13
1.
Preliminary Considerations
13
2.
The Decision to Initiate Criminal Investigation
14
3.
Discretion in the Establishment of Criminal Policy and the Initiation of Criminal Investigation
15
4.
Methods of Initiating Criminal Investigation in Spain
16
5.
The Initiation of Juvenile Court Proceedings---Greater Discretion
18
6.
The 2013 Proposal for a New Code of Criminal Procedure---Discretion at the First Steps?
20
7.
Conclusion
23
Bibliography
23
Abbreviations
26
ch. Three
Prosecutorial Discretion in Three Systems: Balancing Conflicting Goals and Providing Mechanisms for Control / Sara Sun Beale
27
1.
Introduction
28
2.
Prosecution in the United States
31
2.1.
The Structure of Prosecutorial Authority and the Education and Selection of Prosecutors
31
2.2.
Prosecutorial Discretion
34
3.
Prosecution in France and Germany
37
3.1.
France
38
3.2.
Germany
44
4.
Conclusion
50
4.1.
Efficiency and Accuracy
51
4.2.
Democratic Accountability and Prosecutorial Neutrality
52
4.3.
Consistency and Equal Treatment
54
4.4.
Mechanisms for Setting Policies and Priorities
56
ch. Four
Investigative and Prosecutorial Discretion in Criminal Matters: The Contribution of the Italian Experience / Stefano Ruggeri
59
1.
Introduction
60
2.
The Enactment of the Principle of Legality into the Italian Legal System: A Historical Overview
63
3.
Evolution of the Principle of Mandatory Prosecution under the Current Italian Procedural Legal System
65
3.1.
Developments of the Principle of Legality in Relation to Criminal Prosecutions in a Strict Sense
65
3.1.1.
The Enhancement of Charging Discretion
66
3.1.2.
The Enhancement of Balancing Conflicting Interests in the Decision Whether to Prosecute
67
3.2.
Developments of the Principle of Legality in Relation to Criminal Prosecutions in a Broad Sense
69
3.2.1.
Prosecutorial Discretion during the Preliminary Investigations
69
3.2.2.
Prosecutorial Discretion in the Criminal Process
71
3.3.
From Prosecutorial to Judicial Discretion
72
3.4.
Prosecutorial Discretion in Transnational Cases
73
3.5.
Interim Result
75
4.
Guidelines to Govern Investigative and Prosecutorial Discretion from the Italian Perspective
75
4.1.
Premise: Models to Tackle Prosecutorial Discretion in Comparative Law
75
4.2.
Basic Characteristics of the Organisation of the Judiciary in Italy
76
4.3.
Proposals to Govern Prosecutorial Discretion in a Fair Criminal Procedure
77
5.
Conclusions
79
Bibliography
81
Abbreviations
85
pt. II
NEGOTIATED JUSTICE
ch. Five
The Principle of Legality, Discretionary Justice and Plea Agreements: The Practice in Spain / Lorena Bachmaier
89
1.
Introduction
89
2.
Short Overview of Spanish Criminal Procedure
91
3.
Discretionary Justice and Plea Agreements
95
3.1.
The Legal Framework of Guilty Pleas
97
3.2.
Judicial Control of the Plea Agreement
100
3.3.
Appeal against the Judgment Rendered upon Agreement
102
4.
The Practice of Plea Agreements
103
5.
Plea Agreements, and the Principles and Aims of Criminal Procedure
105
5.1.
Plea Agreements, Fairness, and the Principle of Legality
105
5.2.
Plea Agreements and the Search for the Truth
107
6.
Conclusions
108
Bibliography
110
Abbreviations
113
ch. Six
Beyond Legitimate Grounds: External Influences and the Discretionary Power Not to Prosecute in the People's Republic of China / Yu Mou
115
1.
Introduction
115
2.
The Legal Regulation of Non-prosecution in China: The Contextual Account
117
3.
Undue Influences and the Decision Not to Prosecute
120
3.1.
Prosecutorial Discretion, Vertical Instructions and Their Relationship to the Social Classes
120
3.2.
The Coordination of the Political-Legal Committee
125
3.3.
The Protest of the Victim
130
4.
Conclusion
136
Bibliography
137
Abbreviations
139
ch. Seven
Critical Aspects on the Italian Features Concerning "Negotiated Justice" / Daniele Vicoli
141
1.
Introduction: "Negotiated Justice" in the Italian System
141
2.
An Overview of Constitutional Principles
143
3.
Statutory Regulation of Negotiation (Application of Penalty upon the Request of the Parties)
144
4.
The Role of the Public Prosecutor
146
5.
Judicial Review Powers
147
6.
The Ascertainment of Guilt
149
Bibliography
151
pt. III
PROCEDURAL ERRORS
ch. Eight
Water Always Finds Its Way---Discretion and the Concept of Exclusionary Rules in the Swiss Criminal Procedure Code / Jeannine Martin
159
1.
Introduction
160
2.
Terms and Rationale behind the Concept of Exclusionary Rules in Swiss Law
162
3.
Exclusionary Rules---The Legal Framework
165
3.1.
Relevant Statutes---General Legal Framework
166
3.2.
Identifying Relevant Situations and Procedural Sanctions
167
3.2.1.
No Discretion Provided---Article 141 (1) CPC
167
3.2.2.
Some Discretion Provided---Article 141 (2) CPC
168
3.2.3.
Leeway in Decision-Making, but No Discretion---Article 141 (4) CPC
169
3.3.
Exclusionary Rules in Swiss Criminal Law---Interim Conclusion
171
4.
Water Always Finds Its Way? Recent Case Law and Legal Reform
171
4.1.
Undercover Investigations v. Enquiries---The Emergence of a New Instrument
171
4.1.1.
The Case Law `Pulls a Trigger'
172
4.1.2.
The Situation after the Adoption of the CPC
174
4.1.3.
The Pressure to Change the Law
175
4.2.
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree---Not So Deadly after All ...
176
5.
Findings
179
Bibliography
181
Abbreviations
183
ch. Nine
Throw It All Out? Judicial Discretion in Dealing with Procedural Faults / Thomas Weigend
185
1.
Introduction
185
2.
Procedural Faults before Trial
187
3.
Procedural Faults at Trial
197
4.
Conclusion: Why Different Standards?
201
Bibliography
202
Abbreviations
204
ch. Ten
Procedural Sanctions in the EU Framework: Toward a Harmless Error Doctrine and Practice? / Michele Caianiello
207
1.
The Importance of Sanction in Criminal Procedure
207
2.
General Criteria for the EU Procedural Sanctions
208
2.1.
Harmless Error Test
209
2.2.
Proportionality
210
3.
Specific Sanctioning Provisions
211
Bibliography
214
Abbreviations
215
pt. IV
SENTENCING
ch. Eleven
Death and Discretion: The American Experiment in Capital Jurisprudence / Erik Luna
219
1.
Introduction
220
2.
The Rise of Capital Jurisprudence
222
2.1.
Legal Origins
222
2.2.
Furman
224
2.3.
Gregg
227
3.
The Modern Death Penalty
229
3.1.
Principles and Structures
229
3.2.
Cracks in the Framework
230
3.3.
Problems of Aggravation and Mitigation
235
4.
Death Penalty Actors
241
4.1.
Discretion and Its Discontents
241
4.2.
Prosecutors
242
4.3.
Juries
246
5.
Concluding Thoughts
248
Index
253