Antitrust law : policy and practice / C. Paul Rogers III [and others].
2008
KF1649 .A75275 2008 (Map It)
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Title
Antitrust law : policy and practice / C. Paul Rogers III [and others].
Published
Newark, NJ : LexisNexis, [2008]
Copyright
©2008
Call Number
KF1649 .A75275 2008
Edition
Fourth edition.
ISBN
9780820570365 (hardbound)
0820570362 (hardbound)
9781422425701 (looseleaf version)
1422425703 (looseleaf version)
0820570362 (hardbound)
9781422425701 (looseleaf version)
1422425703 (looseleaf version)
Description
xxxv, 1,289, 19, 10, 87, 24, 17 pages ; 28 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)253629562
Summary
Rev. ed. of : Antitrust law : policy and practice / William R. Andersen, C. Paul Rogers III. 3rd ed. 1999.
Note
Revised edition of: Antitrust law : policy and practice / William R. Andersen, C. Paul Rogers III. 3rd edition 1999.
Includes index.
Includes index.
Available in Other Form
Online version: Antitrust law. 4th ed. Newark, NJ : LexisNexis, ©2008 (OCoLC)890559121
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Dedication
v
Preface to the Fourth Edition
vii
Preface to the Third Edition
ix
Preface to the Second Edition
xi
Preface to the First Edition
xiii
ch. 1
Introduction
1
℗ʹ 1.01
Prologue
1
Problem A
1
A Word on Economics and Economists
4
℗ʹ 1.02
The Origin of Antitrust Policy
5
The Federal Antitrust Policy: Origination of an American Tradition (1955) / Hans B. Thorelli
5
Antitrust in the Formative Era: Political and Economic Theory in Constitutional and Antitrust Analysis (1989) / James May
8
A Note on Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1911)
13
Federal Antitrust Law (1983) / Joseph P. Bauer
21
℗ʹ 1.03
The Goals of Antitrust: Economics as Ends or Means
24
Note on Robert H. Bork's The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself (1978)
26
The Antitrust Vision and Its Revisionist Critics (1990) / James W. Brock
28
On the Uses of Economics: A Review of the Antitrust Treatises (1979) / Louis B. Schwartz
32
Introduction to Antitrust Economics (1984) / Phillip E. Areeda
33
℗ʹ 1.04
Public Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws
36
[A].
Government Enforcement Overview
36
[B].
The Federal Trade Commission
38
[C].
The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice
39
[D].
Criminal Prosecutions and Sentencing
40
[E].
Consent Decrees
42
[F].
Government Enforcement Coordination
42
[G].
Government Civil Injunctive Remedies
44
[H].
The Interstate Commerce Requirement
46
Problem B
51
[I].
Antitrust Compliance Programs
52
[J].
Ethical Problems of Multiple Client Representation in Antitrust Enforcement Actions
54
ch. 2
Monopoly
57
℗ʹ 2.01
Introduction
57
Problem A
57
Notes and Questions
58
℗ʹ 2.02
Power
59
United States v. Aluminum Co. of America (1945)
59
Notes and Questions
68
United States v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (1956)
71
Notes and Questions
78
United States v. Grinnell Corp. (1966)
84
Notes and Questions
91
℗ʹ 2.03
Conduct
94
Problem B
95
United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp. (1953)
96
Notes and Questions
106
Lorain Journal Co. v. United States (1951)
108
Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States (1973)
112
Notes and Questions
114
Aspen Skiing Company v. Aspen Highlands, Inc. (1985)
Notes and Questions
124
Note on Olympia Equipment Leasing Co. v. Western Union (1986)
126
Verizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP (2004)
128
Notes and Questions
137
Notes on Miscellaneous Conduct Issues
139
United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)
142
Notes and Questions
174
Brooke Group v. Brown & Williamson (1993)
178
Notes and Questions
197
Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Ross-Simmons Hardwood Lumber Co. (2007)
199
Notes and Questions
206
A Concluding Note on the Conduct Requirement
207
℗ʹ 2.04
Attempts to Monopolize
209
Spectrum Sports v. McQuillan (1993)
211
Notes and Questions
216
United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)
217
Notes and Questions
220
ch. 3
Horizontal Restraints of Trade
225
℗ʹ 3.01
Introduction
225
℗ʹ 3.02
Price Fixing
226
[A].
Early Developments
226
United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass'n (1897)
226
Note on Joint Traffic (1898)
230
United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. (1899)
231
Notes and Questions
236
A Modern Price Fixing Tale
238
Note on Cartels
239
Problem A
241
Chicago Board of Trade v. United States (1918)
242
Notes and Questions
245
Note on Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States (1933)
246
Texaco Inc. v. Dagher (2006)
250
Notes and Questions
253
Problem B
254
United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. (1940)
255
Notes and Questions
264
[B].
Characterization Problems
265
National Society of Professional Engineers v. United States (1978)
265
Notes and Questions
273
Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (1979)
276
Notes and Questions
283
Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society (1982)
285
Notes and Questions
295
Problem C
296
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1984)
297
Notes and Questions
311
California Dental Association, Petitioner v. Federal Trade Commission (1999)
315
Notes and Questions
332
Note on Basic Sherman Act Analysis
334
℗ʹ 3.03
Price Dissemination
338
United States v. Container Corporation of America (1969)
343
Notes and Questions
349
Problem D
350
United States v. United States Gypsum Co. (1978)
351
Notes and Questions
359
℗ʹ 3.04
The Conspiracy Requirement
362
Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States (1939)
363
Notes and Questions
367
Theatre Enterprises v. Paramount Film Distributing Corp. (1954)
368
Notes and Questions
370
Problem E
372
Note on Inferential Conspiracies in a Procedural Context
373
Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly (2007)
377
Notes and Questions
394
Problem F
394
Note on Oligopoly Pricing and Conscious Parallelism
395
Note on Product Differentiation
398
Note on Delivered Pricing, Base Point Pricing, and Inferential Conspiracies
400
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1984)
403
Notes and Questions
411
Note on Intra-Enterprise Conspiracies
413
℗ʹ 3.05
Market and Customer Allocations
420
Note on Timken Roller Bearing Co. v. United States (1951)
421
Note on Output Controls --- Wages and Hours
421
United States v. Sealy, Inc. (1967)
422
Notes
425
United States v. Topco Associates, Inc. (1972)
425
Notes and Questions
435
Palmer v. BRG of Georgia, Inc. (1990)
438
Notes and Questions
440
Problem G
440
℗ʹ 3.06
Group Boycotts and Concerted Refusals to Deal
441
Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Association v. United States (1914)
442
Notes and Questions
445
Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. Federal Trade Commission (1941)
446
Notes and Questions
449
Associated Press v. United States (1945)
450
Notes and Questions
453
Klor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc. (1959)
455
Notes and Questions
457
NYNEX Corp. v. Discon, Inc. (1998)
459
Notes and Questions
464
Problem H
465
The Purpose and Effect of Boycotts
466
Paramount Famous Lasky Corp. v. United States (1930)
466
Notes and Questions
468
Radiant Burners, Inc. v. Peoples Gas & Coke Co. (1961)
471
Notes and Questions
472
Problem I
475
Northwest Wholesale Stationers, Inc. v. Pacific Stationery and Printing Co. (1985)
476
Notes and Questions
482
Federal Trade Commission v. Indiana Federation of Dentists (1986)
484
Notes and Questions
489
Note on Non-Commercial Group Boycotts
490
Federal Trade Commission v. Superior Court Trial Lawyers Association (1990)
493
Notes and Questions
497
Review Problem
498
ch. 4
Mergers with Horizontal Effects
501
℗ʹ 4.01
Mergers Among Actual Competitors
501
[A].
Introduction
501
[B].
Historical Perspective
502
[C].
The Celler-Kefauver Amendment
508
Brown Shoe Co. v. United States (1962)
509
Notes and Questions
522
United States v. Philadelphia National Bank (1963)
524
Notes and Questions
531
[D].
Bank Mergers
532
[E].
Other Supreme Court Merger Decisions
535
United States v. General Dynamics Corp. (1974)
540
Notes and Questions
551
[F].
General Dynamics and Failing Company Defenses
553
[G].
The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Horizontal Merger Guidelines
558
Notes and Questions
560
Federal Trade Commission v. Staples, Inc. (1997)
563
Notes and Questions
580
Federal Trade Commission v. H.J. Heinz Co. (2001)
583
Notes and Questions
594
Notes on Unilateral Effects
595
Note on Hospital Mergers
598
Problem A
599
Note on European Community Merger Law
600
℗ʹ 4.02
Other Mergers With Horizontal Effects
604
[A].
Introduction
604
United States v. El Paso Natural Gas Co. (1964)
604
Notes and Questions
608
[B].
Entrenchment and Potential Competition
609
Federal Trade Commission v. Procter & Gamble Co. (1967)
609
Notes and Questions
618
Note on Ford Motor Co. v. United States (1972)
620
United States v. Falstaff Brewing Co. (1973)
621
Notes and Questions
624
Note on Marine Bancorporation (1974) and Connecticut National Bank (1974)
624
Boc International, Ltd. v. Federal Trade Commission (1977)
627
Notes and Questions
630
[C].
Section 7 and Reciprocity
634
[D].
Section 7 and Joint Ventures
636
Note on United States v. Penn-Olin Chemical Co. (1964)
636
Note on the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984
639
[E].
Conglomerate Mergers Today
640
[F].
Merger Guidelines---Horizontal Effects From Non-Horizontal Mergers
642
Notes and Questions
642
Problem B
643
[G].
The Reach of Section 7: Partial Asset Acquisitions and Solely for Investment Stock Purchases
643
[H].
Premerger Notification
644
[I].
Section 8 of the Clayton Act
645
ch. 5
Vertical Restraints
647
℗ʹ 5.01
Introduction
647
℗ʹ 5.02
Resale Price Maintenance, or Vertical Price-Fixing
653
Problem: The Goodwear Tire Company
653
Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. Park & Sons (1911)
654
Notes and Questions
658
℗ʹ 5.03
The Agreement Requirement of Section One of the Sherman Act in the Vertical Context
659
United States v. Colgate & Company (1919)
660
Note on the Hazards of Giving Colgate Advice
662
Note on Proving the Vertical Agreement
666
Monsanto Co. v. Spray-Rite Service Corp. (1984)
667
Notes and Questions
673
Note on Identifying the Parties to the "Agreement"
675
℗ʹ 5.04
Assessing the Reasonableness of Vertical Restraints
676
Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. (1977)
676
Notes and Questions
691
Graphic Products Distributors, Inc. v. Itek Corp. (1983)
694
Notes and Questions
702
Note on Business Electronics Corp. v. Sharp Electronics Corp. (1988)
704
State Oil Co. v. Khan (1997)
705
Notes and Questions
710
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. (2007)
712
Notes and Questions
728
℗ʹ 5.05
Agency and Consignment Arrangements
729
℗ʹ 5.06
Restrictions Affecting Competitors of the Manufacturer (Herein of Tying and Exclusive Dealing)
732
The Goodwear Problem (continued)
732
Notes and Questions
734
F. M. Scherer & David Ross, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (1990)
734
International Salt Co. v. United States (1947)
735
Notes and Questions
737
Note on the Power Requirement Between International Salt and Fortner
740
United States Steel Corp. v. Fortner Enterprises (1977)
741
Notes and Questions
746
Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde (1984)
747
Notes and Questions
760
Eastman Kodak Company v. Image Technical Services, Inc. (1992)
765
Notes and Questions
779
Queen City Pizza v. Domino's Pizza (1997)
781
Notes and Questions
789
Note on Reciprocal Dealing
792
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. (2006)
793
Notes and Questions
798
The Goodwear Problem (continued)
799
Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1949)
800
Notes and Questions
806
Tampa Electric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co. (1961)
809
Notes and Questions
814
℗ʹ 5.07
Vertical Restraints as Part of More Formal Integrations
818
The Goodwear Problem (continued)
818
Notes and Questions
819
Brown Shoe v. United States (1962)
820
Notes and Questions
824
U.S. Department of Justice Merger Guidelines (1984)
826
ch. 6
Private Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws
833
℗ʹ 6.01
Introduction
833
℗ʹ 6.02
Prerequisites and Limitations
836
[A].
Who is a "Person"
836
[B].
Injury to "Business or Property"
837
Note on Parens Patriae
839
℗ʹ 6.03
Antitrust Standing, Antitrust Injury, and Related Issues
840
[A].
Antitrust Injury
841
Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc. (1977)
841
Notes and Questions
846
Atlantic Richfield Co. v. USA Petroleum Co. (1990)
849
Notes and Questions
853
[B].
The Indirect Purchaser Doctrine
854
Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois (1977)
854
Notes and Questions
863
[C].
Standing
867
Blue Shield of Virginia v. McCready (1982)
868
Notes and Questions
877
Note on Associated General Contractors of California, Inc. v. California State Council of Carpenters (1983)
878
Notes and Questions
880
℗ʹ 6.04
Class Actions
881
℗ʹ 6.05
The Relationship of Government Suits and Private Plaintiffs
884
℗ʹ 6.06
Statute of Limitations
885
℗ʹ 6.07
The In Pari Delicto Defense
888
℗ʹ 6.08
Proof and Measurement of Damages
889
Bigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. (1946)
891
Notes and Questions
896
Problem
899
℗ʹ 6.09
Contribution Among Antitrust Co-Defendants
900
Note on Texas Industries, Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc. (1981)
900
Notes and Questions
902
℗ʹ 6.10
Injunctive Relief Under Section 16 of the Clayton Act
903
Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colorado, Inc. (1986)
903
Notes and Questions
910
California v. American Stores Co. (1990)
913
Notes and Questions
919
℗ʹ 6.11
Reasonable Attorney's Fees
919
℗ʹ 6.12
Arbitration
923
JLM Industries, Inc. v. Stolt-Nielsen SA. (2004)
923
Notes and Questions
930
ch. 7
Antitrust Exemptions and Immunities
933
℗ʹ 7.01
Introduction
933
℗ʹ 7.02
Private Attempts to Influence Government Decisionmaking
934
Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight Company (1961)
934
Notes and Questions
940
Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc. (1988)
942
Notes and Questions
949
Problem A
951
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited (1972)
952
Notes and Questions
956
City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (1991)
956
Notes and Questions
960
Professional Real Estate Investors, Inc. v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (1993)
961
Notes and Questions
969
Problem B
973
℗ʹ 7.03
State Regulatory Action
973
Parker v. Brown (1943)
974
Notes and Questions
977
Subsequent History of the Parker Doctrine
979
Problem C
981
California Retail Liquor Dealers Association v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. (1980)
983
Notes and Questions
986
Southern Motor Carriers Rate Conference, Inc. v. United States (1985)
987
Notes and Questions
993
Note on Antitrust and Municipalities
997
Town of Hallie v. City of Eau Claire (1985)
1000
Notes and Questions
1005
Federal Trade Commission v. Ticor Title Insurance Company (1992)
1007
Notes and Questions
1017
City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (1991)
1018
Notes and Questions
1024
Problem D
1024
Note on Preemption
1025
Fisher v. City of Berkeley (1986)
1026
Notes and Questions
1031
Problem E
1032
℗ʹ 7.04
The Labor Exemptions
1033
℗ʹ 7.05
The Insurance Exemption
1038
[A].
Business of Insurance
1038
[B].
Regulation by State Law
1041
[C].
Boycott, Coercion, or Intimidation
1041
℗ʹ 7.06
Selected Additional Exemptions
1043
[A].
Agricultural Cooperatives
1043
[B].
Fishery Associations
1044
[C].
Newspapers
1044
[D].
Soft Drink Industry
1045
[E].
Small Businesses
1045
[F].
National Defense
1045
[G].
Joint Exporting Companies
1045
Questions
1046
℗ʹ 7.07
Professional and Intercollegiate Sports
1046
℗ʹ 7.08
Antitrust and Regulated Industries
1048
Note on Primary Jurisdiction and Related Concepts
1050
ch. 8
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Enforcement
1055
℗ʹ 8.01
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
1055
[A].
Historical Perspective
1055
[B].
Comity
1057
[C].
The Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 and the Supreme Court
1058
Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California (1993)
1060
Notes and Questions
1070
F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran S.A. (2004)
1073
Notes and Questions
1083
Problem A
1084
Note on Foreign Criticism of U.S. Antitrust Enforcement Abroad
1085
℗ʹ 8.02
Defenses to Subject Matter Jurisdiction
1091
W.S. Kirkpatrick & Co. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. (1990)
1092
Notes and Questions
1095
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers v. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (1982)
1098
Notes and Questions
1103
℗ʹ 8.03
Personal or In Rem Jurisdiction
1105
℗ʹ 8.04
Supplemental U.S. Statutes---Antidumping Legislation and the Export Trading Company Act of 1982
1106
Problem B
1107
ch. 9
Antitrust Analysis in the Presence of Conflicting Social Policy: Some Aspects of the Patent-Antitrust Relationship
1109
℗ʹ 9.01
Introduction
1109
Problem A
1109
A Historical Note
1111
The Mechanics of the Patent Process
1112
A Note on Antitrust Remedies in the Patent Setting
1113
℗ʹ 9.02
The Relationship Between the Patent Owner and the Licensee
1114
[A].
Tying Arrangements
1114
Problem B
1114
Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co. (1942)
1114
Notes and Questions
1117
[B].
Other Relationships Between the Patent Owner and the Licensee
1119
Problem C
1119
A Note on Patent Licensing
1120
A Note on the 1995 Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property
1121
Richard J. Gilbert, Defining the Crossroads of Intellectual Property and the Antitrust Laws: The 1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property (1995)
1121
United States v. General Electric Co. (1926)
1125
Notes and Questions
1127
Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc. (1992)
1130
Notes and Questions
1137
℗ʹ 9.03
Relationships Among Patent Owners and Other Horizontal Competitors
1138
Problem D
1138
Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) v. United States (1931)
1139
Notes and Questions
1144
Business Review Letter from Joel I. Klein, Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, Department of Justice, to Gerrard R. Beeney, Esq. (June 26, 1997)
1144
Notes and Questions
1153
Schering-Plough Corporation v. Federal Trade Commission (2005)
1155
Notes and Questions
1166
℗ʹ 9.04
Unilateral Refusals to License
1167
In re Independent Service Organizations Antitrust Litigation (CSU, L.L.C. v. Xerox Corp.) (2000)
1167
Notes and Questions
1171
ch. 10
Price Discrimination Under the Robinson-Patman Act
1177
℗ʹ 10.01
Introduction
1177
℗ʹ 10.02
Historical Perspective
1179
℗ʹ 10.03
Section 2(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act
1180
[A].
Jurisdictional Requirements of Section 2(a)
1181
[1].
Commerce
1181
[2].
Discrimination in Price
1183
[3].
Two or More "Purchases"
1184
[a].
Completed Sales
1184
[b].
The "Indirect Purchaser" Doctrine
1185
[c].
Parent Company Sales to Subsidiaries
1185
[d].
Government Agencies and Non-Profit Institutions as Purchasers
1186
[4].
The "Commodities" Requirement
1186
[5].
The "Like Grade and Quality" Requirement
1187
[B].
The Requirement of Injury to Competition
1187
[1].
Primary-Line Injury
1188
Utah Pie Co. v. Continental Baking Co. (1967)
1188
Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission (1961)
1194
Notes and Questions
1197
Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Corp. (1993)
1198
Notes and Questions
1198
Problem A
1200
[2].
Secondary-Line Injury
1201
Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co. (1948)
1201
Notes and Questions
1205
Volvo Trucks North America, Inc., Petitioner v. Reeder-Simco GMC, Inc. (2006)
1210
Notes and Questions
1217
[C].
Functional Discounts and Dual Distribution
1217
Texaco, Inc. v. Hasbrouck (1990)
1221
Notes and Questions
1231
[D].
The Cost Justification Defense
1231
United States v. Borden Co. (1962)
1232
Notes and Questions
1236
[E].
The Meeting Competition Defense
1238
Standard Oil Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1951)
1239
Notes and Questions
1243
Falls City Industries, Inc. v. Vanco Beverage, Inc. (1983)
1247
Notes and Questions
1256
United States v. United States Gypsum Co. (1978)
1257
Notes and Questions
1257
Federal Trade Commission v. Sun Oil Co. (1963)
1257
Notes and Questions
1261
℗ʹ 10.04
Buyer Liability Under Section 2(f)
1262
Automatic Canteen Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1953)
1263
Notes and Questions
1270
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1979)
1272
Notes and Questions
1276
Problem B
1277
℗ʹ 10.05
Proof of Damages
1278
J. Truett Payne Co. v. Chrysler Motors Corp. (1981)
1278
Notes and Questions
1282
℗ʹ 10.06
Discriminatory Allowances or Services Under Sections 2(d) and 2(e)
1283
℗ʹ 10.07
Brokerage Payments Under Section 2(c)
1285
℗ʹ 10.08
Criminal Sanctions Under Section 3 of the Robinson-Patman Act
1288
Appendix A
Selected Statutes
1
Sherman Act (1890)
1
Clayton Act (1914)
2
Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)
15
Appendix B
Some Introductory Observations on Economics and Antitrust
1
Appendix C
Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Antitrust Guidelines
1
Horizontal Merger Guidelines (1992)
1
Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations (1995)
29
Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property (1995)
61
Table of Cases
1
Index
1