Arabic-English-Arabic legal translation / Hanem El-Farahaty.
2015
K213 .E4 2015 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Arabic-English-Arabic legal translation / Hanem El-Farahaty.
Published
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2015.
Call Number
K213 .E4 2015
ISBN
9780415707527 (hbk)
0415707528 (hbk)
9780415707534 (pbk)
0415707536 (pbk)
9781315745893 (ebk)
0415707528 (hbk)
9780415707534 (pbk)
0415707536 (pbk)
9781315745893 (ebk)
Language Note
Contains example legal articles in their original Arabic with parallel English translations.
Description
x, 173 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)879642449
Note
Based on author's thesis (doctoral - University of Leeds, 2011) issued under title: Problems of translating legal discourse with special reference to the United Nations Documents.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-165) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
List of figures
xi
List of tables
xii
List of abbreviations
xiii
Acknowledgments
xiv
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
Aims of the book
1
1.2.
Hypothesis and research questions
1
1.3.
Research on the problems of legal translation: a brief review
2
1.4.
Methodology
3
1.5.
Data analysis
3
1.6.
Structure of the book
3
2.
English and Arabic legal discourse and legal translation
6
2.1.
Introduction
6
2.2.
What is legal translation?
6
2.3.
Historical background of legal discourse and legal translation in the English tradition
6
2.4.
Historical background of legal discourse and legal translation in the Arabic tradition
8
2.5.
Categories of legal translation
11
2.5.1.
Legal translation with respect to functions of legal discourse
11
2.5.2.
Legal translation with respect to categories of legal discourse
12
2.6.
Approaches to legal translation: a brief review of translation theory
15
3.
Features of English and Arabic legal discourse
20
3.1.
Introduction
20
3.2.
Features of English legal discourse
20
3.2.1.
Lexical features
20
3.2.1.1.
Archaic terms
21
3.2.1.2.
Latin and French terms
21
3.2.1.3.
Formal terms
22
3.2.1.4.
Religious, culture-specific and system-based lexis
22
3.2.1.5.
Other lexical features
22
3.2.2.
Syntactic features
23
3.2.2.1.
Nominalization
23
3.2.2.2.
Passivization
23
3.2.2.3.
Wh-deletion
24
3.2.2.4.
Conditionals, prepositional phrases and restrictive connectors
24
3.2.2.5.
Complex sentences
24
3.2.2.6.
Performative verbs and modals
25
3.2.2.7.
The use of negation
28
3.2.2.8.
Binomial expressions/doublets and triplets
28
3.2.3.
Textual features
29
3.2.3.1.
Elements of cohesion
29
3.3.
Features of Arabic legal discourse
31
3.3.1.
Introduction
31
3.3.2.
Lexical features
31
3.3.2.1.
Religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and expressions
34
3.3.2.2.
Formality
35
3.3.2.3.
Gender-biased terms
37
3.3.2.4.
Archaic terms
40
3.3.3.
Syntactic features
40
3.3.3.1.
Nominalization
40
3.3.3.2.
Passivization
41
3.3.3.3.
Modals
42
3.3.3.4.
Complex sentence structure
42
3.3.3.5.
Doublets and triplets
43
3.3.3.6.
Participles
43
3.3.4.
Textual features
44
3.3.4.1.
Lexical repetition
45
3.3.4.2.
Reference
50
3.3.4.3.
Conjunctions and punctuation
51
3.4.
Exercises and discussions: features of legal English and legal Arabic
52
4.
Framework for data analysis
59
4.1.
Introduction
59
4.2.
Vinay and Darbelnet's model
59
4.2.1.
Direct translation
59
4.2.1.1.
Borrowing
60
4.2.1.2.
Calque
60
4.2.1.3.
Literal translation
60
4.2.2.
Oblique translation
61
4.2.2.1.
Transposition
61
4.2.2.2.
Modulation
61
4.2.2.3.
Equivalence
62
4.2.2.4.
Adaptation
62
4.3.
Alcaraz Varo and Hughes' techniques of adaptation
62
4.3.1.
Transposition
63
4.3.2.
Expansion
63
4.3.3.
Modulation
63
4.4.
Baker's levels of equivalence
63
4.4.1.
Equivalence at word level and above word level
63
4.4.2.
Grammatical equivalence
65
4.4.3.
Textual equivalence
65
4.5.
Methodology
65
4.5.1.
The lexical level
66
4.5.2.
The syntactic level
66
4.5.2.1.
Modal auxiliaries in English and Arabic
66
4.5.2.2.
Modal auxiliaries in English
66
4.5.2.3.
Modal auxiliaries in Arabic
69
4.5.2.4.
Passivization in English and Arabic
71
4.5.3.
Addition and omission
75
4.6.
List of documents for data analysis
75
4.6.1.
English--Arabic documents
76
4.6.2.
Arabic--English documents
76
5.
Analysis of Arabic--English--Arabic texts: the lexical level
78
5.1.
Introduction
78
5.2.
Analysis of religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases in Arabic--English official and legislative documents
78
5.2.1.
Quantitative analysis of religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases
78
5.2.2.
Qualitative analysis of religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases
79
5.2.2.1.
Reference to God
79
5.2.2.2.
Religious terms and concepts
81
5.3.
Religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases in Arabic--English international documents
87
5.3.1.
Quantitative analysis of religious, culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases in the UIDHR
88
5.3.2.
Qualitative analysis of the frequency of techniques of translating culture-specific and system-based terms and phrases in the UIDHR
89
5.3.2.1.
Translation by `omission'
89
5.3.2.2.
Translation by `adaptation'
90
5.3.2.3.
Translation by both `literal' translation and `borrowing'
91
5.3.2.4.
Translation by `addition'
93
5.4.
Analysis of English--Arabic system-based and culture-specific terms
95
5.4.1.
A note on the concept of civil partnership
95
5.4.2.
Quantitative analysis of English--Arabic culture-specific system-based terms and phrases
95
5.4.3.
Qualitative analysis of English--Arabic system-based and culture-specific terms
96
5.5.
Analysis of archaic terms in Arabic--English documents
100
5.5.1.
Translation of archaic terms in Arabic--English official documents
100
5.6.
Analysis of archaic terms in English--Arabic documents
102
5.7.
Exercises and discussions
104
6.
Analysis of Arabic--English--Arabic texts: the syntactic level
118
6.1.
Introduction
118
6.2.
Analysis of modal auxiliaries in English--Arabic documents
118
6.2.1.
Quantitative analysis of modal auxiliaries in English--Arabic documents
118
6.2.2.
Qualitative analysis of modal auxiliaries in English--Arabic documents
121
6.2.2.1.
Translation of shall
121
6.2.2.2.
Translation of may
125
6.2.2.3.
Translation of other less frequent modals
127
6.3.
Analysis of modal expressions in Arabic--English documents
130
6.3.1.
Quantitative analysis of modal expressions in Arabic--English documents
130
6.3.2.
Qualitative analysis of modal expressions in the AChHR
130
6.3.2.1.
Translation of (it is not permissible/not allowed)
131
6.3.2.2.
Translation of less frequent modal expressions
132
6.4.
Translation of the passive in English--Arabic documents
133
6.4.1.
Quantitative analysis of passive in English--Arabic documents
133
6.4.2.
Qualitative analysis of passive in English--Arabic documents
134
6.4.2.1.
Passive [→] active
135
6.4.2.2.
Passive [→] passive
138
6.5.
Translation of passive in Arabic--English documents
139
6.6.
Exercises and discussions
140
7.
Conclusion and recommendations
148
Notes
154
References
159
Index
166