Equal in law, unequal in fact : racial and ethnic discrimination and the legal response thereto in Europe / by Timo Makkonen.
2012
KJC5142 .M35 2012 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Equal in law, unequal in fact : racial and ethnic discrimination and the legal response thereto in Europe / by Timo Makkonen.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012.
Call Number
KJC5142 .M35 2012
ISBN
9789004217058 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9004217053 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9789004217065 (ebk.)
9004217061 (ebk.)
9004217053 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9789004217065 (ebk.)
9004217061 (ebk.)
Description
xviii, 435 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)758393950
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 415-431) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Table of Contents
Foreword
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
Abbreviations
xvii
pt. ONE
THE CHALLENGE
1.
Introduction
3
1.1.
The Promise - and the Practice
3
1.2.
About this Study
5
2.
Diversity: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives
11
2.1.
Diversity in Europe
11
2.2.
Difference and the Difference it Makes
15
2.3.
Conclusions
29
3.
Discrimination and Equality: Theoretical Perspectives
31
3.1.
Tension between Equality and Discrimination
31
3.2.
Discrimination
32
3.3.
Equality
40
4.
Discrimination: Empirical Perspectives
49
4.1.
Extent and Characteristics of Discrimination
49
4.2.
The Causes of Discrimination
57
4.2.1.
Racism
57
4.2.2.
Prejudices
72
4.2.3.
Stereotypes
76
4.2.4.
Statistical Discrimination
78
4.2.5.
Unintentional Biases
80
4.3.
The Effects of Discrimination
83
4.4.
Conclusions
90
pt. TWO
THE RESPONSE
5.
Anti-Discrimination Law: Preliminary Issues
95
5.1.
On the Sources of Law
95
5.2.
The Hard but Basic Questions
96
5.3.
On Instruments and Their Interpretation and Application in Practice
105
6.
International Human Rights Law
113
6.1.
Notes on the Development of the Principle of Non-Discrimination
113
6.2.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
118
6.3.
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
123
6.4.
Convention against Discrimination in Education
127
6.5.
Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
128
6.6.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
149
6.7.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
166
6.8.
European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
173
6.9.
The European Social Charter (revised)
196
6.10.
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
201
6.11.
Other Relevant Instruments
208
7.
European Union Law
215
7.1.
Background
215
7.2.
Non-Discrimination as a General Principle of EU Law
218
7.3.
The Charter of Fundamental Rights
220
7.4.
Directive 2000/43/EC
222
8.
Assessment
237
8.1.
Recapitulation
237
8.2.
Structural Properties of Anti-Discrimination law
249
8.2.1.
Theoretical Undercurrents - Doctrinal Perplexity within a Liberal Political Frame
249
8.2.2.
New Problems, Old Solutions: the Capacity to Tackle Everyday Discrimination
263
8.2.3.
The Nexus between International and Domestic Anti-Discrimination Law
267
8.2.4.
Indirect Effects: Reinforced Essentialism and Statism
270
8.2.5.
The Chief Mischief: Individual Litigation as the Chosen Model of Enforcement
272
8.3.
Conclusions: Of Camouflage and Loose Cannons in the Fight Against Discrimination
277
pt. THREE
RETHINKING THE RESPONSE
9.
Rethinking the Response
285
9.1.
Objectives
287
9.2.
Strategies
291
9.3.
Tactics
297
9.4.
Conclusions
298
10.
Collection of Equality Data
301
10.1.
The Policy Case
302
10.2.
Methods
312
10.3.
Challenges
322
10.4.
Conclusions
339
11.
Positive Action
343
11.1.
The Policy Case
345
11.2.
Methods
350
11.3.
Challenges
353
11.4.
Conclusions
364
12.
Positive Duties
367
12.1.
The Policy Case
368
12.2.
Methods
369
12.3.
Challenges
379
12.4.
Conclusions
385
13.
Enforcement
387
13.1.
The Legal Infrastructure
388
13.2.
Strengthening Enforcement
392
13.3.
Informal Invocation and Enforcement of the Law
401
13.4.
Conclusions
404
Table of Cases
407
Bibliography
415
Index
433